Alpine pondweed

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Alpine pondweed
Alpine pondweed (Potamogeton alpinus)

Alpine pondweed ( Potamogeton alpinus )

Systematics
Class : Bedecktsamer (Magnoliopsida)
Monocots
Order : Frog-spoon-like (Alismatales)
Family : Pondweed family (Potamogetonaceae)
Genre : Spawn herbs ( Potamogeton )
Type : Alpine pondweed
Scientific name
Potamogeton alpinus
Balb.

The alpine pondweed ( Potamogeton alpinus ) is a plant species from the genus of the spawn herbs ( Potamogeton ) within the family of the pondweed plants (Potamogetonaceae). This aquatic plant is widespread in the northern hemisphere in the arctic to temperate areas.

description

Vegetative characteristics

illustration
illustration
Habit and simple leaves

The alpine pondweed grows as an annual to perennial herbaceous plant . The winter buds are coiled in Central Europe; such turions are absent in North America. The unbranched stem is up to 2 meters long and pencil-like in shape. The stems are tough and do not break easily. The rhizome is difficult to pull out of the ground.

Dip leaves and floating leaves are not of the same shape, there is heterophylly . In the loosely arranged, seated diving leaves, the reddish-green leaf blades are usually 4.5 to 18, rarely up to 25 centimeters and a width of 5 to 20 millimeters elongated-linear to linear-lanceolate with a rounded base and somewhat encompassing the stem , with entire margins and blunt or pointed at the upper end, with seven or nine lateral nerves thin, translucent with a clear central stripe network. The floating leaves, which are not always present, are arranged in a spiral on the stem and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The 1 to 12 millimeter long petiole is monochrome along its entire length. Their thin leather-like, reddish-green leaf blade gradually narrows at the base into the petiole and is elliptical or inverted at a length of 4 to 7, rarely up to 10 centimeters and a width of 10 to 25, rarely up to 40 millimeters. lanceolate to obovate or oblong-linear with a blunt or pointed upper end; there are usually 9 to 13 (7 to 15) leaf nerves present. The durable, inconspicuous stipules are rolled up, free of the leaf blade, light brown to reddish, not tongue-shaped, usually 1.5 to 2.5 (1.2 to 4) centimeters long with a blunt upper end. The ligule is up to 6 inches long.

Generative characteristics

The flowering period in Switzerland extends from June to August. At the side or at the end, the inflorescence stem is raised above the water level by an upright inflorescence stem with a length of 3 to 10, rarely up to 16 centimeters (→ emersed inflorescence). The unbranched, spiked inflorescence is cylindrical with a length of 10 to 35 millimeters.

There are fruit stalks. The yellow-brownish olive-green fruits are seldom 2.5 to, usually 3 to 3.5 millimeters in length and rarely 1.7 to usually 2 to 2.4 millimeters in diameter, obovate, relatively thick, swollen , keeled at the bottom and keeled to the side, they can also be keeled. The beak, which is 0.5 to 0.9 millimeters long, is curved. The embryo has a full spiral.

The basic chromosome number is x = 13, there is tetraploidy , with a chromosome number of 2n = 52.

ecology

The alpine pondweed is a hydromorphic hydrophyte , i.e. an aquatic plant.

Occurrence

The alpine pondweed is widespread in the northern hemisphere in the arctic to temperate areas of North America and Eurasia . In Eurasia there are localities for Spain (only the mainland), France (including Corsica ), Belgium , the Netherlands , Luxembourg , the United Kingdom , Ireland , Faroe Islands , Iceland , Denmark , Norway , Finland , Russia , Belarus , Estonia , Lithuania , Latvia , Poland , Austria , Liechtenstein , Switzerland , Italy (mainland only), Czech Republic , Slovakia , Slovenia , Croatia , Romania , Bulgaria , Greece (mainland only), Ukraine , the Asian part of Turkey , Georgia , Armenia , Azerbaijan , Uzbekistan , Kazakhstan , Afghanistan , the Indian states of Jammu and Kashmir as well as Assam , Pakistan , Myanmar , Mongolia and Japan . In Europe, the southern border runs from the Pyrenees through Corsica to the Alps . From here a narrow strip stretches south to Montenegro . The main eastern distribution area extends from the Alps north of the 60th parallel to the Urals. An isolated, small partial area can be found in Bulgaria.

Potamogeton alpinus only thrives in the circumboreal region in fresh water . The alpine pondweed thrives best in Central Europe in clear, nutrient-poor waters. It does not endure summer warmth. It therefore lives preferentially in stagnant or slowly flowing waters that are groundwater-fed in the lowlands; here it appears scattered. It is a character species of the Potogetonetum filiformis from the Potamogetonion association . It is rarely found in the higher altitudes of the low mountain ranges and the Alpine foothills . It is rarely found in lakes in the Alps. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises at Seealpsee in Bavaria to an altitude of 1628 meters. In Switzerland, the alpine pondweed thrives in stagnant or slow-flowing, nutrient-poor waters in rarely colline to mostly montane to subalpine altitudes . According to Delarze et al. 2015 the spawn herb communities (Potamion) in which Potamogeton alpinus is a character species. The alpine pondweed is also found in artificially created bodies of water. It thrives in neutral to weakly acidic fresh water.

Hazard and protection

The alpine pondweed has lost many sites in Central Europe due to increasing water pollution.

In the Red List of endangered species of the IUCN in 2010 was Potamogeton alpinus as LC = "Least Concern" = not at risk rated. This was done because this species is very common. Many stocks are considered stable. Only in a few areas are stocks falling or even lost due to degradation or draining of wetlands.

The alpine pondweed was classified in 1998 in the “Red List of Endangered Plant Species Germany” in category 3 = “endangered”.

In 2016, the Alpine pondweed was rated in the Red List of Endangered Species in Switzerland as NT = “Near Threatened”.

In the 2006 Red List of Endangered and Rare Vascular Plants of the Principality of Liechtenstein , the Alpine spawning herb is rated as EN = "endangered" = "highly endangered".

Potamogeton alpinus is known to easily form hybrids with some species: Potamogeton crispus L. (→ Potamogeton × olivaceus Baagöe ex G. Fisch. ), Potamogeton gramineus L. (→ Potamogeton × nericius Hagstr. ), Potamogeton lucens L. (→ Potamogeton × nerviger Wolfg. ), Potamogeton perfoliatus L. (→ Potamogeton × prussicus Hagstr. ), Potamogeton polygonifolius Pourr. (→ Potamogeton × spathulatus Schrad. ), Potamogeton praelongus Wulfen (→ Potamogeton × griffithii A.Benn. ). None of these hybrids are common and they pose no threat to the populations of the pure species Potamogeton alpinus .

Systematics

The first publication of Potamogeton alpinus carried 1803/4 by Giovanni Battista Balbis in Miscellanea Botanica 13. A homonym is Potamogeton alpinus Hegetschw. Synonyms for Potamogeton alpinus Balb. are: Potamogeton rufescens var. alpinus (Balb.) Mert. & WDJKoch , Potamogeton obtusus var. Alpinus (Balb.) Gaudin nom. superfl.

Most authors do not have subtaxa , for example Flora of China 2010 and Flora of North America 2000. This means that all names mentioned below are synonyms of the species. Some authors have subspecies of Potamogeton alpinus , for example in Flora of Siberia 2000:

  • Potamogeton alpinus Balb. subsp. alpinus (Syn .: Potamogeton alpinonatans F.W.Schultz , Potamogeton Casparii Weyl , Potamogeton annulatus Bellardi , Potamogeton microstachys Wolfg. , Potamogeton montanensis Gand. , Potamogeton nigrescens Fri , Potamogeton obrutus Alph.Wood , Potamogeton obscurus DC. , Potamogeton obtusus Ducros ex Gaudin nom . superfl., Potamogeton purpurascens Seidl ex J.Presl & C.Presl , Potamogeton rigidus Wolfg. , Potamogeton rufescens Schrad. , Potamogeton semipellucidus W.DJKoch & Ziz , Potamogeton stylatus Hagstr. , Potamogeton thomasii A.Benn. , Potamogeton ten . subellipticus (Fernald) Fernald , Potamogeton alpinus var. angustifolius Baguet , Potamogeton alpinus var. obscurus ( DC.) Baguet , Potamogeton alpinus var. subellipticus (Fernald) Ogden ): It is widespread in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere.
  • Potamogeton alpinus subsp. tenuifolius (. Raf) Hultén (Syn .: Potamogeton tenuifolius . Raf , Potamogeton alpinus var. tenuifolius (Raf) Ogden. , Potamogeton caricifolius Wolfg. ): It is in the Flora of China in 2010 and Flora of North America 2000, a synonym of Art .: It occurs from Siberia to Japan .

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi: The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . Ulmer Verlag, Volume 7.
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. Franckh-Kosmos-Verlag, 2nd edition, volume 5.
  • Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Potamogetonaceae. : Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 .
  • Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist, Zdenek Kaplan: Potamogetonaceae. : Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. , P. 112 , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f Potamogeton alpinus Balb., Alpine Laichkraut. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Potamogeton alpinus Balb. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora . Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Potamogeton alpinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  4. ↑ a b Potamogeton alpinus at Tropicos.org. In: Flora of Pakistan . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist: Potamogetonaceae. : Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (Ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 22: Magnoliophyta: Alismatidae, Arecidae, Commelinidae (in part), and Zingiberidae. Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2000, ISBN 0-19-513729-9 . (also for subspecies)
  6. ↑ a b c d Youhao Guo, Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist, Zdenek Kaplan: Potamogetonaceae. : Potamogeton alpinus Balbis. , P. 112 , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China. Volume 23: Acoraceae through Cyperaceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-99-3 .
  7. ↑ a b c d e Potamogeton alpinus in the Red List of Threatened Species of the IUCN 2019.1. Posted by: D. Allen, 2010. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  8. ^ Pertti Uotila, 2009: Potamogetonaceae. : Datasheet Potamogeton alpinus - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  9. ↑ Data sheet with photo at Potamogetonaceae from e-monocot.org .
  10. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Page 104. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  11. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 128.
  12. ↑ Mario F. Broggi, Edith Waldburger, Rudolf Staub: Red List of Endangered and Rare Vascular Plants of the Principality of Liechtenstein 2006. In: Report Botanical-Zoological Society Liechtenstein-Sargans-Werdenberg , Volume 32, Schaan 2006, p. 63. Full text PDF .
  13. ↑ a b Potamogeton alpinus at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed July 9, 2019.

Web links

Commons : Alpine Laichkraut ( Potamogeton alpinus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files