Altenburg (Bamberg)
| Altenburg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Altenburg from Bamberg |
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| Creation time : | 1109 | |
| Castle type : | Hilltop castle | |
| Conservation status: | Received or received substantial parts | |
| Place: | Bamberg | |
| Geographical location | 49 ° 52 '50 " N , 10 ° 52' 9" E | |
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The Altenburg is a medieval hilltop castle in the west of the independent city of Bamberg in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Franconia . Its tower at about 400 m above sea level offers a magnificent view of the city.
Quote from a travel guide
“The Altenburg is the landmark of Bamberg. Far away you greet the slim tower in the Franconian country. It stands on a mountain cone on the edge of the Steigerwaldhöhe. "
history
The Altenburg was first mentioned in 1109 in a document with which Bishop Otto von Bamberg assigned the castle to the collegiate monastery of St. Jakob. The castle was the second residence of the Bamberg prince-bishops from 1305 to 1553 . In its current dimensions, the castle was built in the early 15th century.
In the Peasants' War of 1524/1525 , Altenburg was besieged, but neither captured nor serious damage has been reported.
In the Second Margrave War of 1553, the castle was not destroyed by storming, but after it was handed over to the army of Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.
A landslide destroyed parts of the east wall in the last quarter of the 18th century. These walls were not rebuilt in exposed concrete until the beginning of the 21st century .
In 1801 the castle was sold by the bishopric of Bamberg , except for the fortifications, to Adalbert Friedrich Marcus . This Bamberg doctor set up the still-standing gatehouse as an apartment. ETA Hoffmann , who was friends with Marcus, was so drawn to the castle that he temporarily looked for relaxation in one of the wall towers. After the death of Marcus this property also went into bankruptcy. Postmaster Anton von Grafenstein auf Krummennaab initiated the establishment of the Association for the Preservation of Altenburg, the first monument protection association in Bavaria , in 1818 .
Since another part of the east wall was in danger of collapsing at the beginning of the 20th century, it was demolished and rebuilt, set back. The original rectangular system no longer exists.
Hall
Today's hall was built on the still partially preserved cellars of the original house with financial support from the shoe manufacturer Heinrich Manz around 1900. The architect of this romanticizing building was Gustav Haeberle . The interior of the time has been preserved in the knight's hall . Wilhelm Reutter created the wall painting of a knight tournament on the west side. One of the riders bears the features of the then second Bamberg mayor, Josef Valentin Herd.
Castle chapel
A castle chapel was inaugurated in 1124 by Bishop Otto I in honor of Saints Walburga , Philip and Jacobus . The location of this chapel is unknown. Successor chapels were destroyed in the arson by Margrave Albrecht Alcibiades of Brandenburg-Kulmbach in 1553. Church services on the castle plateau have been documented since 1617. For this purpose a linen chapel was built every year. In 1755 the crucifixion group, which is still standing today, was created by Georg Adam Reuss; the services that take place there continue the tradition of 1124 according to canon law. The von Grafenstein siblings donated a new foundation for the divine service on May 1st in 1824.
Today's chapel with the entrance in the gatehouse was built in 1834. The architect for the entire complex was Bernhard Solger , a student of Karl Alexander Heideloff and Friedrich von Gärtner , who later became an influential city planning officer in Nuremberg.
The management of the conversion to a Gothic vaulted room was in the hands of the royal building inspector Friedrich Panzer . The altar , the tympanum of which was actually intended for the entrance to the church in Tiefenpölz , was created by the sculptor Adam Josef Schäfer based on a design by Heideloff.
The room has an old vault that has been extended to the south around the choir. The keystone of this vault shows the city knight from the Bamberg city arms. There was space in the chapel for grave monuments from secularized churches in Bamberg. The chapel was consecrated one year after the first mass on May 1, 1836 by Franz Seraph Freiherr von Lerchenfeld .
The original stained glass window paintings were removed in the 1960s and are in the depots of the Historical Museum.
Fountain
The castle fountain was located in a square fountain house that was demolished around 1880. The well structure that still exists today was built at that time. The shaft is about 30 meters deep. The usable stones from the demolition of the well house were used to change the north-west corner tower.
The Klausen
ETA-Hoffmann-Klause
Named after ETA Hoffmann , who lived in Bamberg from 1808 to 1813. He is one of Bamberg's writers. He often lived in the hermitage and decorated the interior walls with caricatures of Bamberg people.
Amalien-Klause
Named after Amalie von Oldenburg, Queen of Greece, who lived in exile with her husband Otto I in Bamberg until they both died.
Sculptures
- The tomb of Adalbert von Babenberg from the house of the Popponen , probably made in 1727, was moved to Altenburg after the Theres monastery was dissolved . During the last restoration (around 1980), the sculptor Leitherer found older parts within the sculpture.
- The tomb of Heinz Fuchs von Bimbach († June 15, 1539) comes from the Church of St. Anna in the Franciscan monastery in Bamberg.
- The tomb of Wolf Christoph von Streitberg († March 29, 1560) bears the year 1562 and KS , the monogram of the sculptor Kilian Sorg . It also comes from St. Anne's Church and, like the Fuchsian tomb, came into the chapel via the first storage site of the cathedral cloister.
- The tomb of Martin von Redwitz († April 27, 1505) from the St. Christoph Church of the Dominican monastery was probably made by Tilman Riemenschneider's workshop.
- The tomb of Georg von Schaumberg on Lauterburg († January 5, 1527) from the Dominican Church was made by the sculptor Johann Daucher during his lifetime in 1520 . Georg von Schaumberg is buried in the Moritzkirche in Coburg .
- Two lions on the gatehouse holding heraldic shields come from a house on the Green Market, which was rebuilt around 1880 and the facade was changed.
- Above the entrance to the restaurant there is a crucifixion relief from the 15th century, the origin of which is unknown.
- At the Amalienklause you can see the remainder of a coat of arms from Aufseßgasse (Bamberg) of the von Werdenstein family that was originally around a third larger. In addition to the main shield, it shows the agnate coats of arms on both sides . It is still completely shown in the Aurifodina Bambergensis by Johann Sebastian Schramm .
- On the left above this Werdenstein coat of arms is a smaller family coat of arms, to the right of it the Hochstift coat of arms, origin unknown.
- The remainder of the tomb of Leypold Truchseß von Wetzhausen auf Dachsbach († November 19, 1516) at the E.-T.-A.-Hoffmann-Klause is attributed to the master of the Swan Knight Order Jörg Armpauer .
- The origin of the crown at the E.-T.-A.-Hoffmann-Klause, probably remnants of a coat of arms, is unknown.
- There is a seated lion on the east side. Two lions of the same species are privately owned, another in an archway between Martinskirche and Martinsapotheke. These four lions were originally located on Obere Königstrasse.
- On the north-west tower there is a part of the coat of arms of the lost Wild Man , which was still detectable on the castle around 1780. He is depicted with this remains of the coat of arms in the Aurifodina Bambergensis by Johann Sebastian Schramm.
- The face mask at the Palas is very similar to Heinrich Manz's face .
Enigmatic iron basket
An iron basket hangs on the tower of the castle, the so-called fire basket , which is said to have served as a signal transmitter with the Giechburg near Scheßlitz .
However, since no expenditure for such a facility can be proven for either the Giechburg or the Altenburg, it can be assumed that the basket is an ingredient from the period of reconstruction around 1900. The fire basket was probably used for the Bengali lighting of the castle and for the performances there.
Memorial plaques in the castle for members of the Altenburg Association
- In the passage of the gatehouse there is a memorial plaque for Anton von Grafenstein auf Krummennaab, the founder of the Altenburg Association.
- On the south wall of the palace there is a memorial plaque for Heinrich Manz, who was involved in the construction of the new palace.
- On the southwest corner tower there is the memorial plaque for Johann Loewel, who gave the Altenburg Association his will.
Bears in the castle
From 1952 to 1982 the last castle bear, a brown bear , was kept on the Altenburg in a kennel with a small outdoor enclosure . Luitpold Weegmann , then Lord Mayor of Bamberg, took on the sponsorship of the then young bear . The first name Luitpold became the name Poldi for the bear. The kennel is still there, but now houses a stuffed bear.
Todays use
restaurant
A restaurant has been proven since the takeover by the Altenburgverein. As today, the premises were in the annex of the gatehouse. The kitchen, a room vaulted with a belt arch, was converted into a chapel and expanded in 1834.
The premises were refurbished in the last quarter of the 19th century. This furniture is still there. The tiled stove was demolished around 1970.
The owners of the restaurant also manage the so-called knight's hall in the residential building ( Palas ), which is used for festive events such as weddings or foundation parties.
Seat of a knighthood
The imperial knighthood to the golden quill pen in the ducal Thumbstift zu Babenberg, founded in 1930/31, emerged from a merger of Bamberg merchants.
Regular events
- May 1st: Service in the castle chapel
- Ascension Day : Evangelical Lutheran divine service at the crucifixion group (since around 1990)
- September: Divine service for the deceased members of the Altenburg Association at the crucifixion group
- Annual general meeting of the Altenburg Association
Surroundings of the castle
- Crucifixion group
- The crucifixion group from 1755 was created by Georg Adam Reuss for the annual divine service at Altenburg, which has been documented since 1610. The head of the Bozetto by Johannes is in the Landesmuseum Mainz .
- Burial place of Dr. Adalbert Friedrich Marcus
- Marcus wished to be buried near the castle. The grave was given a tomb covering the entire surface by the sculptor Joseph Daniel Ohlmüller (1791–1839). The Ohlmüller factory was destroyed in 1938 because of Marcus' Jewish descent. The grave itself remained intact. The perpetrators were convicted around 1950. The destroyed grave site was restored in 1962 with four sandstone blocks with a bronze plaque with names and dates in the middle.
- Marcus-Ruh
- A stone table with a bench group that was destroyed by vandalism before 1938. The complete remains are still there and could be reassembled.
- Memorial for the members of the Altenburg Association
- A memorial dedicated to the members of the Altenburg Association, erected around 1900 on a high stone base with an embedded marble slab, to the right of the road
- Monument 100 years of the Bamberg Monastery near Bavaria
- The memorial stone for the centenary of the bishopric of Bamberg in the Kingdom of Bavaria was erected in 1903 using stones from the offices of the former bishopric. The stones bear the names of the administrative locations of the offices. A bronze plate was let into the east side.
- Leitschuh-Ruh
- This viewing platform was named after the director of the Bamberg State Library Friedrich Leitschuh .
- Hergenröder-Ruh
- The rest area with a memorial stone on the ascent to the castle was designed in honor of the long-time first chairman of the Altenburgverein, second mayor of the city of Bamberg and district council president of Upper Franconia, Anton Hergenröder .
literature
- Norbert Haas: Bamberg fountain. Bamberg 1984.
- Norbert Haas: News from the Altenburg Chapel. In: Homeland of Bamberg. No. 4, 1993, ISSN 0937-5856 , p. 115f.
- Friedrich Wilhelm Krahe: Castles of the German Middle Ages. Floor plan lexicon. Weidlich / Flechsig, Würzburg 1994, ISBN 3-8035-1372-3 .
- Hans Paschke: The Altenburg ob Bamberg and its association. (= Studies on Bamberg's history and topography. 35, ZDB -ID 257400-7 ). Bamberg 1968.
Web links
- altenburgverein.de
- The Altenburg at Foracheim.de
- Illustration by Daniel Meisner from 1625: Búrck Zú Bamberg; A bad father can also have a pious child ( digitized version )
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