Scheßlitz

coat of arms	Germany map
	Coordinates: 49 ° 59 '  N , 11 ° 2'  E
Basic data
State :	Bavaria
Administrative region :	Upper Franconia
County :	Bamberg
Height :	310 m above sea level NHN
Area :	94.88 km 2
Residents:	7228 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density :	76 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code :	96110
Area code :	09542
License plate :	BA
Community key :	09 4 71 185
City structure:	30 districts
City administration address :	Hauptstrasse 34 96110 Scheßlitz
Website :	www.schesslitz.de
Mayor :	Roland Kauper ( CSU )
Location of the city of Scheßlitz in the Bamberg district

Scheßlitz ( listen ^{? / I} ) (dialect: Schäätz ) is a town in the Upper Franconian district of Bamberg .

geography

location

The city lies on the ascent to Franconian Switzerland on the A 70 between Bamberg and Bayreuth .

The city of Scheßlitz is surrounded by the following hills:

Stammberg (559 m)

Giechburg (530 m)

Gügel (515 m)

Kulm (553 m)

Heidenstein (577 m)

Rabenstein (572 m)

Würgauer Höhe (518 m)

Reisberg (554 m)

Roter Stein (518 m)

Wattendorfer Höhe (555 m)

Hohe Metze (577 m)

The protected location of the basin with the converging streets of Heiligenstadt, Hollfeld , Weismain , Bad Staffelstein and Zapfendorf favored settlements in prehistoric times.

Neighboring communities

Neighboring communities are (starting clockwise in the north): Bad Staffelstein ( Lichtenfels district ), Wattendorf , Stadelhofen , Königsfeld , Litzendorf , Memmelsdorf , Breitengüßbach , Zapfendorf and Ebensfeld (Lichtenfels district).

City structure

In the course of the regional reform in Bavaria , numerous surrounding communities were incorporated into the city (July 1, 1972 and May 1, 1978), making it the largest municipality in the district.

	Burgellern	378 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1972 A former castle and the Ellerbach broke the name of the place.
	Burglesau	203 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 The name read is probably of Slavic origin and means forest village.
	Demmelsdorf	312 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 The village had a large Jewish population up to the time of National Socialism.
	No dehydrated water	82 inhabitants	1978 incorporated (together with Stübig) to the arid or thorny water loess
	Doschendorf	24 inhabitants
	Honorable	119 inhabitants	1978 incorporated nickname Bachstelzer. When the stream was still flat, people crossed it with stilts.
	Giechburg	2 residents	The settlement of the Giechburg plateau can be traced back to the Stone Age.
	Gügel	0 inhabitants	The pilgrimage church stands high on a rock with a line of sight to the Giechburg.
	Köttensdorf	125 inhabitants
	Bucket stone	126 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 The name could be related to a rock that was shaped like a bucket.
	Ludwag	145 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 Presumably, Ludwag was one of the 14 Slavic churches founded by Emperor Charlemagne in 793.
	Neudorf	115 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978
	Pausdorf	102 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1972
	Peulendorf	191 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978, first documented mention as the village of Bulo / Pulo / Puolo in 1293
	Pünzendorf	72 inhabitants	known for its cherries due to its protected location.
	Roshe leaves	73 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 (together with Stübig)
	Roßdach	97 inhabitants
	Scheßlitz	2548 inhabitants
	Schlappenreuth	86 inhabitants
	Schrautershof	6 residents	Schrautershof is located near the Giechburg and is almost completely surrounded by forest.
	Schweisdorf	187 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 There is a Johannes chapel in the village, which used to stand near Oberhaid and was moved stone by stone to Schweisdorf in 1862.
	Starvation	199 inhabitants
	Strassgiech	555 inhabitants	1978 incorporated (together with Wiesengiech as Giech)
	Stübig	215 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978, Stubich means brushwood in Middle High German, which indicates an area overgrown with coppice and scrub.
	No point water	73 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 The name refers to the geological location (for soft water loosening).
	Vineyard	21 inhabitants
	Wiesengiech	571 inhabitants	1978 incorporated (together with Straßgiech as Giech)
	Windischletten	224 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978
	Würgau	329 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978 The Würgauer Berg, known for decades as the German hill climb, begins right at the exit of the village.
	Zeckendorf	231 inhabitants	Incorporated in 1978, Zeckendorf, like the neighboring town of Demmelsdorf, had a strong Jewish community.

(Population figures as of March 31, 2005 and April 4, 2005)

history

Old map with Scheßlitz, 16th century, oriented to the east

Traffic map from 1912

Until the church is planted

A first documentary mention of Scheßlitz in the so-called Diedenhofen chapter of Charlemagne from 805 is questionable. Scheßlitz is one of the oldest settlements in the wide area and has had city ​​rights since 1230 .

Band ceramic relics in the Kohlstatt indicate settlements around 2500 BC. Chr. The Reisberg near Burgellern had a fortification from the Migration Period .

Specific references to the history of the city can be found in the Codex Eberhardi , in which it is recorded that a Count Bernhard and his wife Ratbirg bequeathed their possessions to the Fulda monastery around the year 800 in the area of today's city of Scheßlitz . The city took up this hint and celebrated its 1200th anniversary in 2005.

The signing of a protocol on the Bamberg Synod in 1059 by Arnold de Sieslice is considered reliable evidence of the existence of a Scheßlitz parish .

The place gained importance through the activities of the Andechs-Meranians , who had become dukes in 1178 . In 1230 a fortified castle of Duke Otto VIII of Andechs-Meranien was mentioned in the civitas Scheßlitz. Scheßlitz is the oldest town in the Bamberg district . After the male line of the Andechs-Meranier family died out in 1248, a year-long inheritance dispute broke out, at the end of which Scheßlitz fell to Friedrich I of Truhendingen in 1260 . Between the end of the 13th and the end of the 14th century, the Counts of Truhendingen got entangled again and again in costly feuds , which ultimately led to pledging to the Bamberg prince-bishop Lamprecht von Brunn and finally in 1390 to the final acquisition of the city and the county of Giech by the bishopric Bamberg led. Lamprecht von Brunn turned out to be a stroke of luck for Scheßlitz. After the years of decline under the impoverished Count von Truhendingen, the new ruler strengthened the city by founding the Elisabeth Hospital in 1395 and granting its extended market rights and fishing rights on the Main. The fishing rod from the coat of arms of the bishop in the city coat of arms reminds of his work.

After peace had reigned since the Merano inheritance dispute, the Hussites fell into the country around 1390 and burned down some houses in the city. There was already a city wall at that time, but it is believed that it was made of wood and was not a sufficient obstacle.

The Peasants' War of 1525 initially seemed to go off smoothly in the Scheßlitzer Land. In May, the rebellious peasants were able to negotiate with Prince Bishop Weigand von Redwitz to obtain concessions on the tithe . However, this pardon was no longer valid after the farmers stormed and devastated the Giechburg , but ultimately had to admit defeat. The prince-bishop punished the rioters and imposed immense costs on the city to rebuild the castle.

During the Thirty Years War in 1633, the Swedes burned down mainly the lower town and some upstream settlements. Street names such as Kohlstatt and Brand indicate this destruction.

The city of Scheßlitz was the upper bailiff of the Bamberg monastery. Since the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803, the place, like large parts of Franconia, has belonged to Bavaria (see also History of Franconia ).

Townscape of Giechburg from

Jewish families

Especially in today's districts of Scheßlitz, Demmelsdorf and Zeckendorf, Jewish families have always lived , which at times made up the majority of the population with 60 percent. They were by the anti-Semitic Nazi tyranny in the emigration driven or the Shoa killed. Since 1991 a memorial stone on the state road between Demmelsdorf and Zeckendorf has commemorated 44 named Jewish victims.

Quotes from old travel guides

In Merian's Topographia Franconiae Scheßlitz is characterized as follows:

“Located two miles from Bamberg and the same Stifft / approaching Ebelsfeld / Arolfsstain / Kaltenhauß / Stain / Krogelstadel and Waterdorff / a little town / Ampt and castle / so has its special name. On. 1395. Bishop Lamprecht zu Bamberg founded and built the hospital all here / as stated in the small Bamberg Calendar Chronic. "

In his travel guide about Bamberg and the surrounding area from around 1912, the author Dietrich Amende also describes the city of Scheßlitz:

“Originally a Slavic settlement, Scheßlitz was named historically as early as 805 and named as an 'oppidum' (town) as early as 1062. Today the picturesque town with its excellent restaurants is a popular excursion destination for Bamberg, Nuremberg and Coburg residents. Worth seeing is the parish church, a Gothic hall church with interesting tombstones from 1360, 1569 and 1570, the hospital church built in 1780 with the beneficiary building built in 173974, which shows a beautiful relief by the Bamberg sculptor Gollwitzer in the gable, along with the Dillig house splendid wood carvings from 1612, the war memorial, etc. In the cemetery there is an extremely beautiful stone image of St. Virgin from 1450, from the St. Martin's Church in Bamberg. "

Quote from Pierer's Universal Lexicon

"Scheßlitz, 1) Regional Court in the Bavarian district of Upper Franconia, 4.6 QM .; 15,000 Ew .; 2) capital in it on the Scheßlitz, which flows left into the Main; Seat of the regional court, hospital, fruit growing u. Fruit trade, timber trade, potash boiler, brewery; 1200 Ew. "

Incorporations

On May 1, 1978, the previously independent municipalities of Demmelsdorf, Ehrl, Giech , Ludwag, Neudorf bei Scheßlitz, Peulendorf, Schweisdorf, Stübig, Weichenwasserlos, Windischletten, Würgau and Zeckendorf as well as parts of the dissolved municipality of Hohenhäusling were incorporated.

On January 1, 1989, the uninhabited and largely forested community-free areas of Burgholz with 200.14 hectares and Grumbach with 329.96 hectares were completely dissolved and incorporated into the community of Scheßlitz.

Population development

In the period from 1988 to 2018, the city grew from 6613 to 7259 by 646 inhabitants or 9.8%.

On the day of the census (1961 and 1970), on June 30 (2005) on December 31 (1995 and from 2010) Scheßlitz had the following population figures.

1961	1970	1991	1995	2005	2010	2015
6318	6630	6873	6963	7167	7079	7176

religion

According to the census on May 9, 2011, 83.4% of the population are Roman Catholic and 7.5% Evangelical Lutheran. 9.1% have another religion or are non-denominational.

politics

mayor

The first mayor of the city of Scheßlitz has been Roland Kauper (CSU) since 2014, who was elected with 63.02% of the votes and was confirmed in office in 2020 with two opposing candidates with 57.06% of the votes. Since 1991 he has acted as second mayor. His predecessor was Franz Zenk (CSU) since 1984, who was last re-elected in 2008 with 83.57% of the vote.

City council elections

The city council elections in 2002, 2008 , 2014 and 2020 had the following results:

Political party	2002	2008	2014	2020
CSU	9 seats	8 seats	8 seats	6 seats
SPD	3 seats	2 seats	2 seats	1 seat
Free list	3 seats	2 seats	2 seats	2 seats
Christian voter community Scheßlitz-Umland	2 seats	5 seats	4 seats	4 seats
United Young Voters	2 seats	2 seats	2 seats	2 seats
Interest group Giech	1 seat	1 seat	1 seat	1 seat
Alliance 90 / The Greens	n / A	n / A	1 seat	2 seats
Alternative for Germany			n / A	1 seat
Young ideas Scheßlitz and surroundings				1 seat

coat of arms

The coat of arms of the city of Scheßlitz shows a continuous silver battlement wall split by gold and silver; in front a red armored lion covered with a silver sloping bar, behind an upright red fish rod.

The lion is reminiscent of the Bamberg monastery . The split line has appeared since the 16th century.

The fishing rod comes from the family coat of arms of the Bamberg bishop Lamprecht von Brunn .

The wall represents the city fortifications.

Buildings

	The Giechburg lies some distance away on the western end of a rocky Jura crest in a spur, visible from afar above the valley.
	The pilgrimage church Gügel rises near the Giechburg on another mountain over a wooded area.
	The historic townscape with its numerous town houses on the main street gives the impression of a street from the 18th or 19th century.
	The former guild house of the brewers is characterized by rich half-timbered carvings and a large bay window. Today it houses a restaurant under the name Dillighaus . The house was built in 1692 by Jörg Hofmann from Zeil am Main and came into the possession of the Dillig family in 1847. This was not very wealthy and originally owned a piece of land that just fed two goats.
	The baroque Elisabethen-Hospital is a building by Johann Jakob Michael Küchel from the years 1766/1767 with plastic work on the facade by FM Mutschelle. It was founded in 1395 by the Bamberg bishop Lamprecht von Brunn in order to secure the livelihood of the poor, sick and infirm. Furthermore, the bishop was probably keen to tie the recently acquired city to the bishopric of Bamberg .
	The Catholic parish church of St. Kilian has a choir with a staggered hall divided by struts. It was started around 1400 and expanded to include the nave in the 15th century , including a cemetery chapel as a confessional chapel. In 1571 the pointed spire was added. On the north side of the church there is a mount of olives scene from the 17th century. The interior furnishings date from the 18th century, including the high altar from 1787, which already has classicistic echoes. The showpiece of the church is the pulpit decorated in the Rococo style .

See also : List of architectural monuments in Scheßlitz  and churches in Scheßlitz

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Road traffic

B 22 in Scheßlitz

Scheßlitz is located directly on the Bundesstrasse 22 , the former Reichsstrasse Rottendorf – Weiden, which leads from Rottendorf near Würzburg to Cham in the Upper Palatinate .

In addition, the city has a connection to the federal motorway 70 , which runs from Bamberg to Bayreuth, in the immediate vicinity .

Rail transport

The former Bamberg – Scheßlitz railway , the so-called Schääzer Bockerla (German: Scheßlitzer Böcklein) was shut down on May 31, 1985. Today the embankment is mostly used as a cycle path or is built over by the Bamberg motorway junction on the A 70 / A 73. A planned train connection between Scheßlitz and Hollfeld was discontinued in 1906 after extensive preparatory work, as both places failed the project for political reasons. The reason was not the high construction costs (2 million marks), but that both cities maintained the status of a terminus.

The four discussed options for leading a railway line to the Franconian Jura were:

1. via Würgau and Königsfeld (construction costs 1.89 million marks)
2. through the Burglesau valley via Steinfeld and Königsfeld (2.125 million marks)
3. from Memmelsdorf via Litzendorf , Tiefenellern and Königsfeld (2.170 million marks)
4. from Gundelsheim via Melkendorf , Herzogenreuth and Königsfeld (construction costs 2.77 million marks)

Scheßlitz station today

The line preferred by the planners would have run from Scheßlitz towards Würgau and then to the left at Schlappenreuther Berg up into the Jura. The train would then have passed through the Burglesau valley via Graefenhäusling to Steinfeld , before finally reaching the town of Hollfeld via the valleys of Wiesent and Aufseß via Königsfeld .

At Demmelsdorf a swath has already been cut through the Würgauer Herrnholz and a new canal port has been discussed in order to be able to transship ore from the Jura mountains .

After 1918, efforts to build the Jura Railway were resumed, but in 1920 the Reich Ministry of Transport announced that in view of the poor economic situation, construction of new railway lines had to be avoided for the time being. In 1930 a post bus line was opened from Bamberg via Scheßlitz and Hollfeld to Bayreuth.

Hiking trails

The Franconian Marienweg runs through Scheßlitz .

Established businesses

After the Second World War, various companies settled in Scheßlitz:

• VDM (Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke), then Cebal , then Alcan (plastic tubes), then Rio Tinto Alcan , now Albéa Germany
• Milchhof Albert ( Frischli products)
• BI-log (e-logistics)

Scheßlitz offers jobs for around 2000 people.

Breweries

There are three breweries in the city: the Drei Kronen brewery in Scheßlitz, the Hoh brewery in Köttensdorf and the Hartmann brewery in Würgau.

One of the oldest breweries in the world, the Zoiglstube Drei Kronen from 1308 in Straßgiech, brews the beer in Schnaid in the Forchheim district, which can be drunk in the restaurant.

The Schmitt-Bräu (Oberend 19) was shut down in 2001 after 154 years of brewing activity, the Barth-Senger brewery in Scheßlitz ceased brewing in 2012, and the Ellertal brewery in Stübig was still producing until the 1990s.

Neudorf wind farm

One of the three wind turbines at the Neudorf wind farm with a hybrid tower

The 2011 built wind farm Neudorf is located about half a kilometer east of Neudorf ( location ) and consists of three wind turbines of the type Nordex N100 / 2500 . A turbine is in the area of ​​the municipality of Königsfeld . The systems each have a nominal output of 2500 kW, a rotor diameter of 100 meters and are placed on a 140-meter-high hybrid tower, which is made of concrete up to a height of 85 meters and a 55-meter-long piece of steel pipe placed on top. With a total height of 190 meters, they are currently among the tallest wind turbines in Bavaria . For the foundation, 660 m³ of concrete with 80 t of steel reinforcement were used per tower, and 760 m³ of concrete with 60 t of steel reinforcement for each tower. The wind farm is operated by the Düsseldorf company Naturstrom AG . According to the operator, the yield forecast is around 13.5 million kWh of electrical work per year, which corresponds to the annual consumption of around 4500 households.

Würgau wind farm

The Würgau wind farm , which consists of two Vestas V112-3.0MW wind turbines, is located in the Würgau district . The turbines each have a nominal output of 3000 kW, a hub height of 140 meters and a rotor diameter of 112 meters, making a total of 196 meters high. According to the operator, Erlanger Stadtwerke , they should generate 11.5 million kWh of electricity per year.

Public facilities

• Office of the Office for Food, Agriculture and Forests Bamberg

Voluntary fire brigades

The following localities have their own volunteer fire brigade : Burgellern-Schlappenreuth, Burglesau, Demmelsdorf, Dörrnwasserlos, Ehrl, Kübelstein, Ludwag, Neudorf, Peulendorf, Roschlaub, Scheßlitz, Schweisdorf, Straßgiech, Stübig, Weichenwasserlos / Roßdach, Wiesengiech / Starkenschwind, Windischletten and Zeckendorf

Personalities

Honorary citizen

• Matthäus Kirchner (1826–1912), German missionary in Africa and member of the German Reichstag

sons and daughters of the town

Sorted by year of birth

• Hans Zeis († around 1599), shoemaker and councilor in Scheßlitz; left a house book (Middle Ages) , which is available in two different editions
• Johann Georg Engelhard (1747–1827), President of the Assembly of Estates of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt
• Friedrich Carl Burkart (1805–1862), member of the Frankfurt National Assembly
• Stephan Molitor (1806–1873), journalist and pioneer of the German press in Cincinnati
• Franz von Rinecker (1811–1883), doctor
• Andreas Freytag (1818–1905), member of the Reichstag and Landtag (center)
• David Bankier (1947-2010), Israeli historian
• Peter Oppelt (* 1966), gynecologist in Linz
• Holger Dremel (* 1972), Member of the State Parliament (CSU)
• Carola Jung (* 1975), journalist, television and radio presenter
• Markus Feulner (* 1982), professional footballer

literature

• Johann Kaspar Bundschuh : Scheßlitz . In: Geographical Statistical-Topographical Lexicon of Franconia . tape 5 : S-U . Verlag der Stettinische Buchhandlung, Ulm 1802, DNB  790364328 , OCLC 833753112 , Sp. 86-87 ( digitized version ).
• Pleikard Joseph Stumpf : Scheßlitz . In: Bavaria: a geographical-statistical-historical handbook of the kingdom; for the Bavarian people . Second part. Munich 1853, p. 629-631 ( digitized version ).
• Matthias Wolf: The Schäätzer Bockäla. Verlag Wolfgang Bleiweis, Schweinfurt 1992, ISBN 3-928786-13-X .

Web links

Commons : Scheßlitz  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Wikivoyage: Scheßlitz  - travel guide

Wikisource: Scheßlitz in the Topographia Franconiae (Mathäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• www.schesslitz.de (official website)
• www.schesslitz.com
• Article about St. Kilian on Foracheim
• Entry on Scheßlitz's coat of arms  in the database of the House of Bavarian History

• Scheßlitz: Official statistics of the LfStat (PDF; 1.24 MB)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
2. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . CH Beck, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 438 .
3. ^ Karl Heinz Mayer: The old story of Scheßlitz ; Pages 46 ff.
4. ↑ Johannes Neumann: The Reichsdeputationshauptschluss of 1803: Requirements and consequences (PDF file; 179 kB)
5. ↑ Memorial sites for the victims of National Socialism. A Documentation , Volume 1; Federal Agency for Civic Education, Bonn 1995, ISBN 3-89331-208-0 ; P. 191
6. ↑ Quoted from Matthäus Merian, Martin Zeiller: Topographia Franconiae
7. ↑ Quoted from Dietrich Amende: Bamberg und das Frankenland. Bamberg undated (around 1912)
8. ^ Lexicon: Scheßlitz. Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, p. 193137 (cf. Pierer vol. 15, p. 144)]
9. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer GmbH, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 672 f .
10. ^ Government of Upper Franconia from December 15, 1988
11. ↑ http://www.kronabier.de/index1.html
12. ↑ Archived copy ( Memento of the original from May 22, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. 
13. ↑ Nordex N100 . Nordex website. Retrieved April 1, 2012.
14. ↑ Königsfeld councils vote for wind turbines . In: www.infranken.de , February 11, 2011. Accessed July 10, 2017.
15. ↑ ^{a b} Neudorf wind farm . Naturstrom website. Retrieved August 6, 2013
16. ↑ Official Journal of the Bamberg District 9/2011 of November 11, 2011, page 92
17. ↑ Wind power plant Würgau ( Memento of the original from September 22, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at www.estw.de (Stadtwerke Erlangen)