Andreas von Baumgartner

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Andreas Freiherr von Baumgartner, lithograph by Friedrich Lieder , 1826
Andreas von Baumgartner, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1847
Plaque for Andreas von Baumgartner at the house where he was born in Frymburk

Andreas Freiherr von Baumgartner (born November 23, 1793 in Friedberg , Bohemia , † July 30, 1865 in Hietzing ) was an Austrian physicist and statesman .

biography

Since 1810 the baker's son studied mathematics and other natural sciences at the University of Vienna , where he took on an assistant position at the chair of philosophy from 1815. In 1817 Baumgartner took over the chair for physics at the Lyceum in Olomouc and in 1823 was appointed professor for physics and applied mathematics in Vienna.

In 1826, together with Andreas von Ettingshausen, he published the journal for physics and mathematics , of which he was the sole editor from 1832 to 1837 and finally until 1841 together with Philipp Alois Ritter von Holger under the changed title of the journal for physics and related sciences .

Because of a throat disease, Baumgartner had to give up his teaching activity in 1833 and was appointed director of the Vienna Porcelain Manufactory . During this time, he was also appointed court counselor. In 1842 he also took over the post of director of the kk tobacco directorate , which he held until 1848. From 1846 he was also in charge of the newly established electrical telegraph system and, from 1847, the overhead line for railway construction in Austria.

The Prime Minister Franz Freiherr von Pillersdorf appointed him Minister for Public Works and Mining in 1848. When Anton Freiherr von Doblhoff-Dier took office, he resigned from this office in the same year.

In 1851 Baumgartner was appointed Minister for Trade, Industry and Public Buildings and in December of the same year also Minister of Finance. Baumgartner was promoted to baron in 1851 and appointed President of the Academy of Sciences in Vienna. In 1853 he received the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art . Under his supervision and the technical direction of Carl Ritter von Ghega the construction of the carried Semmeringbahn .

Baumgartner was minister until 1855 and from 1861 belonged to the manor in the Reichsrat . Until his death he headed the Austrian Academy of Sciences and is the founder of the Academy’s Baumgartner Prize . Baumgartner was made an external member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences in 1833 , an honorary member of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences in 1854 and in 1860 in the Leopoldina .

Fonts (selection)

  • Areometry, or instructions for determining the specific gravity and for making accurate hydrometers for chemists and technologists. JG Heubner, Vienna 1820, ( digitized ).
  • Mechanics as applied to arts and crafts. Commonly shown. JG Heubner, Vienna 1823, ( digitized ).
  • Instructions for heating the steam boiler and maintaining the steam engines. JG Heubner, Vienna 1841, ( digitized ).
  • Lessons in tobacco-building. For tobacco growers in Hungary, Galicia and South Tyrol. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing House, Vienna 1845
  • The theory of nature according to its present state with regard to mathematical justification. 3 volumes + supplement volume. JG Heubner, Vienna 1824 and 1831, (digital copies: Volume 1 , Volume 2 , Volume 3 , supplementary volume ).
  • The beginning of the theory of nature as an excerpt from the theory of nature according to its present state with regard to mathematical justification. JG Heubner, Vienna 1837, ( digitized ).

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hans Körner "The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art and its Members" in: Journal for Bavarian State History, Vol. 47 (1984), pp. 299–398.
  2. ↑ Member entry of Andreas von Baumgartner (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 5, 2016.
  3. ↑ Holger Krahnke: The members of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen 1751-2001 (= Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Philological-Historical Class. Volume 3, Vol. 246 = Treatises of the Academy of Sciences in Göttingen, Mathematical-Physical Class. Episode 3, vol. 50). Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 2001, ISBN 3-525-82516-1 , p. 33.
  4. ^ Member entry of Andreas von Baumgartner at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 5, 2016.

Web links

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personal data
SURNAME Baumgartner, Andreas von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Baumgartner, Andreas Freiherr von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physicist and statesman
DATE OF BIRTH November 23, 1793
PLACE OF BIRTH Friedberg
DATE OF DEATH July 30, 1865
Place of death Hietzing (district of Vienna)