Anna Alexejewna Orlova-Tschesmenskaja

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Anna Alexejewna Orlowa-Tschesmenskaja ( PF Sokolow , 1830s)

Anna Orlova Alexejewna-Tschesmenskaja ( Russian Анна Алексеевна Орлова-Чесменская ; born May 2, jul. / 13. May  1785 greg. In Moscow ; † October 5 jul. / 17th October  1848 greg. In St. George's Monastery in Novgorod ) was a Russian lady-in-waiting and patroness .

Life

Orlowa's father was the general en chief Count Alexei Grigoryevich Orlov-Chesmensky , who was already retired. A year and a half after she was born, her mother and a year later her brother Iwan died, so that she was now her father's only daughter and heir. However, her father still had the illegitimate son Alexander Alexejewitsch Tschesmenski, who was born in 1763 . Orlov settled in the southern Moscow suburb of Neskuchnoye on the Moskva River (now part of Moscow's Neskuchny Park) and devoted himself entirely to the upbringing and education of his daughter. A palace with a park was built for them, in which costume balls , fireworks and plays took place. Graduated teachers were invited for their education. The seven-year-old learned French , German , English and Italian and was made a lady at the imperial court.

In 1796 Orlow brought his daughter Countess Anna Orlowa to St. Petersburg and introduced her to Catherine II , who received her warmly. After the death of Catherine II in November 1796, Orlov went abroad with his daughter. After the coronation of Alexander I in 1801, Orlow returned with his daughter from Dresden to Moscow and settled again in the palace in Neskuchnoye near the Donskoy monastery . Orlova appeared at the imperial court, where she was received with goodwill. Gawriil Romanowitsch Derschawin sang Orlowa in a poem in 1801 after seeing her at a ball . From 1803 Orlowa received many marriage proposals, for example from Alexander Borissowitsch Kurakin and Platon Alexandrowitsch Subow , which she or her father always refused, so that in 1807 Fyodor Wassiljewitsch Rostoptschin vividly described the corresponding frequent visits to the Orlow house.

When Orlov died after a brief illness in December 1808, Orlowa's uncle Vladimir Grigoryevich Orlov hosted the funeral and offered her to take her into his house. Orlowa refused and took over the administration of her inheritance as well as the regulation of the business affairs of her illegitimate brother Alexander Chesmensky. She refused to marry Nikolai Maichailowitsch Kamenski , which had already been planned .

After settling her affairs, Orlova went on a pilgrimage first to the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra and then to Rostov to see the relics of Dimitris of Rostov in the Spasso-Jakowlewski monastery . There she met the monk Amphilochius , whose spiritual daughter she now became. Every year during Lent she came to his monastery to fast and celebrate Easter . She had extensive correspondence with him. She had his letters bound with gilt edging (all correspondence is kept in the manuscript department of the Russian State Library). Even after the death of her spiritual father in 1824, she made ample donations for the monastery, for example for a warm stone church for the implementation of winter services and for a new silver shrine for the Dimitri relics as well as for vestments and furnishings.

During the Franco-Russian War of 1812 Orlova equipped 18 peasants for the Moscow Opoltschenije and donated generously to equip the Moscow Opoltschenije. In 1817 Orlova was appointed maid of honor, and Alexander I gave her a portrait of Empress Elizabeth Alexejewna .

The rector of the St. Petersburg Spiritual Seminary recommended Orlova the priest-monk Photios , who had become a monk in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery in 1817 , as a spiritual teacher. Orlowa then left Moscow to approach Photios in St. Petersburg. However, Photios avoided them because of their wealth and class. When Photios in St. Petersburg in 1820 in the Kazan Cathedral clearly criticized the mystical mood in the ruling society, he was removed from St. Petersburg and appointed head of the poor and dilapidated Derevjanitsky monastery in northern Novgorod . Orlowa then sent large donations to Photios to restore the monastery. Thanks to Orlowa's efforts, Photios was able to return to St. Petersburg in 1822 and become Archimandrite in the Alexander Nevsky Monastery. When Photios soon after became head of the St. George's Monastery in Novgorod, Orlowa bought a piece of land near the monastery on which she had a mansion built as a new residence . She now also donated for this monastery. When the winter church there was destroyed by fire in 1823, she sent 40,000 rubles for rebuilding. Darja Alexejewna Derschavina was friends with Orlowa.

At the coronation of Nicholas I in 1825, Orlowa received the Order of St. Catherine with a Small Cross. In 1828 she accompanied Empress Alexandra Feodorovna on her travels in Russia and abroad. Orlowa also gave admired receptions and balls for the higher society.

In 1831 Orlowa had the remains of her father and his brothers transferred to Novgorod for burial in St. George's Monastery. Orlowa's close relationship with Photios was the subject of many rumors. Alexander Pushkin wrote two caustic epigrams about it . On the other hand, Dorothea von Ficquelmont and others rejected all suspicions. In February 1838, Photios died after a long illness in the presence of Orlova. She then prepared her own tomb next to the marble sarcophagus of Photios. In 1845 she sold her father's stud , where the Orlov trotters were bred, to the state . She tried to improve the fortunes of her farmers. It promoted the Christianization of the Chuvashes among their farmers in the Samara Governorate .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Jelagin NW : Жизнь графини Анны Алексеевны Орловой-Чесменской . St. Petersburg 1853.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Алексеевский Б .: Орлова-Чесменская, графиня Анна Алексеевна . In: Русский биографический словарь А. А. Половцова . tape 12 , 1902, pp. 312-313 ( Wikisource [accessed November 19, 2019]).
  3. ↑ a b c Чулков Н .: Анна Алексеевна Орлова-Чесменская (accessed November 20, 2019).
  4. ↑ Записки об императрице Екатерине Великой полковника, состоявшего при её особе статс-секретарем Адриана Моисеевича Грибовского . Moscow 1864, p. 49-50 .
  5. ↑ Державин Г. Р .: Анакреонтические песни . Moscow 1986, p. 438 .
  6. ↑ a b Иванов О .: История незамужества графини А.А.Орловой-Чесменской . In: Московский журнал . March 1, 2001 ( [1] [accessed November 20, 2019]).
  7. ↑ Бал у камер-фрейлины графини Анны Алексеевны Орловой-Чесменской . In: Отечественные записки . No. 55 , 1824, pp. 355-358 .
  8. ↑ Дневник Долли Фикельмон. Отрывки (1834) (accessed November 20, 2019).
personal data
SURNAME Orlova-Tschesmenskaja, Anna Alexejewna
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Орлова-Чесменская, Анна Алексеевна (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Russian lady-in-waiting and patroness
DATE OF BIRTH May 13, 1785
PLACE OF BIRTH Moscow
DATE OF DEATH October 17, 1848
Place of death St. George's Monastery (Novgorod)