Arduine

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The Arduins were an important Italian noble family in the early High Middle Ages . They ruled the margravates of Turin and Susa, which passed to the House of Savoy by inheritance after they died out.

history

The Kingdom of Italy (781-1014)

The Arduins are the descendants of a Frankish knight Arduin (Hardouin). His grandson Arduin Glabrio was one of the three noblemen who were given one of the newly created margraves by King Berengar II during the reorganization of the feudal structures, in this case the margraviate of Turin or "marcia arduinica" with the areas of Auriate , Turin , Asti , Albenga and probably also Bredulo , Alba and Ventimiglia as well as the Margraviate of Susa . The other two margraves were Aleram, Count of Vercelli , for Western Liguria ("Marca Aleramica") - see Aleramiden - and Otbert I. for the Otbertinische Mark - see Obertenghi .

The best-known members of the family are Margrave Odalrich-Aginfred (formerly often translated as Odalrich-Manfred) and his two (hereditary) daughters Adelheid von Susa and Irmgard von Turin, who were married to two German nobles, Duke Hermann IV of Swabia (1030-1038) and one of his successors, Duke Otto III. von Schwaben (1048–1057), with the aim of binding Northern Italy closer to the Empire. Irmgard also appears as the wife of Ekbert I , Margrave of Meissen , Adelheid (from her third marriage to Count Odo of Savoy ) as the mother of Empress Bertha of Turin .

The inheritance of the family fell through this third marriage of Adelheid to the House of Savoy and thus became the core of the Savoyard possessions in northern Italy and thus the starting point of the Savoy kingdom.

Tribe list

  1. Arduin, Frankish knight in Normandy
    1. Roger (Rotgerius, Ruggero), 902/915 Count of Auriate (in the area of Cuneo and Saluzzo ), appointed by Count Rodulf von Auriate († after April 21, 902) as his deputy and then as his successor; ∞ NN, his widow
      1. Roger, Earl, † before 3 September 962, he or his father come to 935 in the monastery Novalesa - Breme a
        1. Guntilda, buys half of Castello di Mosezzo in 962 ; ∞ I testified to Maginfred von Mosezzo, Count of Lomello , 941/955; ∞ II before September 3, 962 Amadeus ( House Burgundy-Ivrea )
      2. Arduin Glabrio (Arduin the Bald), † after April 4, 976, Count of Auriate, expelled the Saracens from the Valle di Susa in 940/945 , in 945 at the court of King Lothar and Berengar II , before November 13, 950, Count of Turin , 950 Vogt of Novalesa Monastery - Breme , before January 964 Margrave of Turin, probably on 5th September 976 Count of Pavia , also founder of the Margraviate Susa
        1. Maginfred (Manfredo), † before 1001, Margrave; ∞ before March 8, 991 Prangarda, daughter of Count Adalbert-Atto of Reggio , Modena and Mantua ( House Canossa )
          1. Odalrich-Maginfred (Odelricus dictus Mainfredus), probably 1001 Margrave of Turin, lord of a third of the Valle di Susa , July 31, 1001 by Emperor Otto III. including immunity confirmed, founds the monastery of Santa Maria di Caramagna in 1028 , and in 1029 San Gusto di Susa , buried in the Duomo di San Giovanni in Turin ; ∞ before 1014 Countess Berta, † after November 4, 1037, daughter of Margrave Oberto ( Obertenghi )
            1. Adelheid , Countess, heiress of the Margraviate of Turin and Susa, † 19./27. December 1091 in Canischio ; ∞ I around 1036 Hermann IV , Duke of Swabia , 1036 Margrave of Turin, † July 28, 1038 near Milan ( Babenberger ); ∞ II before January 29, 1042 Margrave Heinrich, probably Margrave of Western Liguria (Liguria Occidentale) May 20, 1042/9. June 1044 Margrave of Turin ( Aleramides ); ∞ III around 1045/50 Odo Count of Maurienne and Chablais , then Count of Savoy , 1045/50 Margrave of Turin, † March 1, 1060 (maybe only before May 21, 1060) House of Savoy - Adelheid and Odo are the parents the Empress Bertha of Turin
            2. Son, probably Count of Monbardone , † before 1034, perhaps also attested on December 23, 1035
            3. Irmgard (Imilla), † between December 3, 1077 and April 29, 1078, Countess, Duchess; ∞ I around 1036 Otto , Count of Schweinfurt, Margrave of the Nordgau , 1048 Duke of Swabia , † September 28, 1057 ( House of Schweinfurt ); ∞ II 1058 Ekbert , Count of Braunschweig, 1057 Margrave of Friesland , 1067 Margrave of Meißen , † January 11, 1068 ( Brunonen )
            4. Berta, 1065 countess; ∞ Margrave Teto (Teoto), † before 1064 ( Aleramiden )
          2. Adalrich (Alricus), X December 7th 1036 near Campo Malo , 1008 before October 2nd Bishop of Asti
          3. Odo, 1014 count, 1016 margrave, 1014/29 attested
          4. Hugo, 1029 Margrave
          5. Atto, attested in 1029
          6. Wido, 1029 Margrave
            1. ? Prangarda, attested in 1029; ∞ Obizzo di Biandrate , Count of Vercelli , † before 1029
        2. Arduin, 1029 “patruus” by Odalrich-Maginfred, probably the founder of the monastery of San Michele della Chiusa , which in 1039 received the imperial confirmation
        3. Alsina (Anselda), 981/93 attested; ∞ Count Palatine Giselbert, Count of Bergamo , attested in 961/93, † before October 10, 1010
        4. Odo (Oddone), † January 19th…., 996 Count, Margrave, donated the Pollenzo Priory in 992/998 to the Novalesa Monastery - Breme
          1. Arduin, 999/1014 attested, Margrave, 1001 with possession in Montaldo nell'Astigiano
            1. Boso, probably 1026 to Castello di Susa, probably Count of Susa
            2. Wido, Margrave probably of Susa, probably in Castello di Susa in 1026, attested in 1029, † before 1040
              1. Odalrich, † after October 20, 1040, Margrave, Margrave of Romagnano ; ∞ Countess Julita, daughter of Wido
                1. Beatrix, testified in 1065; ∞ Oberto, Count of Vado , Margrave of Liguria Occidentale , † 1061/65 ( Aleramiden )
                2. Son, probably Wido von Romagnano, attested in 1082
                  1. Son, probably Ardizzone, Margrave of Romagnano 1099/1100, † as a monk
                  2. Son, probably Manfredo, Margrave of Romagnano 1100 - the descendants of the two brothers are the Marchesi di Romagnano, Virle and Pollenzo
        5. Richilde (Yhilda), 987/89 attested; ∞ before 987 Cunrad-Cona, Margrave of Ivrea , attested 960/89 ( House of Burgundy-Ivrea )
        6. ? Adam, Archbishop of Turin 989/97
    2. Arduin, came from France with his brother Roger, vassal Rodulf von Auriates

literature

  • Detlev Schwennicke (Ed.): European family tables . New episode Volume 3, Part 3: Other large European families, illegitimate descendants of Spanish and Portuguese royal families. Stargardt, Marburg 1985, ISBN 3-465-02714-0 , plate 593, used therein:
  • Francesco Cognasso : Il Piemonte nell'età Sveva (= Miscellanea di storia patria. Seria 4, vol. 10). Deputazione subalpina di storia patria, Turin 1968.
  • Fritz Curschmann : Two pedigrees. Pedigree of Emperor Frederick I and Heinrich the Elder Lions of 64 ancestors (= messages from the Central Office for German Personal and Family History. Issue 27, ZDB -ID 504809-6 ). HAL Degener, Leipzig 1921.
  • Eduard Hlawitschka : Franconia, Alemanni, Bavaria and Burgundy in Northern Italy. (774-962). To understand the Franconian royal rule in Italy (= research on the history of the Upper Rhine region. Vol. 8, ISSN  0532-2197 ). E. Albert, Freiburg im Breisgau 1960.
  • Charles W. Previté Orton: The early History of the House of Savoy. (1000-1223). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1912, ( digitized version ).
  • Teofilo Rossi, Ferdinando Gabotto: Storia di Torino. Volume 1: Fino al 1280 (= Biblioteca della Società Storica Subalpina. Vol. 82, ZDB -ID 767988-9 ). Tipografia Baravalle e Falconieri, Turin 1914, (The genealogical tables contained herein have not been taken into account because they are hardly verifiable).
  • Giuseppe Sergi: Una grande circoscrizione del regno italico: la marca arduinica di Torino. In: Studi medievali. Series 3, Anno 12, Fasc. 2, 1971, ISSN  0391-8467 , pp. 637-712 .