Astelia
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| Banks & Sol. ex R.Br. |
Astelia is a genus of plants in the Asteliaceae family within the order of the Asparagales .
description
Vegetative characteristics
Astelia species grow epiphytically or terrestrially as perennial herbaceous plants and form small stands through their rhizomes . The above-ground parts of the plant are usually covered with typical silvery scales, sometimes it even looks woolly. The short stems are often barely visible or underground. The three rows are arranged on the stems leaves with many veins consist of leaf sheath and blade. The broad leaf sheaths are closed around the stem. The simple leaf blades are linear, lanceolate to sword-shaped and mostly keeled.
Generative characteristics
Astelia species are dioeciously segregated ( diocesan ). At the end of a leafless inflorescence stem there is a branched paniculate inflorescence , which over large, foliage -like bracts (called spathe) usually contains two to five or more simple racemose partial inflorescences . In the partial inflorescences , each flower stands over membranous bracts , which are often fused with the short flower stalks. Usually the inflorescences contain many flowers, but in some species the inflorescences can also be greatly reduced, up to a single flower in extreme cases.
The relatively small, (mostly only functionally) unisexual flowers are radial symmetry and threefold. The six identical bloom bracts are membranous to fleshy and free or fused at their base. The male flowers are usually larger than the female. In the male flowers there are two circles with three stamens each, which do not protrude beyond the flower envelope. The female flowers contain a three carpels grown together, Upper permanent, single or dreikammerigen ovary and a short, thick stylus, which ends in three free scars; there are also three slit-shaped nectaries in the area of the scars. There are few to many ovules . The female flowers sometimes contain staminodes with flat, empty anthers and male flowers sometimes contain a rudiment of ovaries with recognizable ovules.
The berry , which is surrounded by the long-lasting bracts, contains few to many seeds. The black, more or less shiny seeds sometimes stand together with wiry hair, but are not covered by them.
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Systematics and distribution
Of the approximately 25 species of Astelia, which are mainly found in the Pacific region , one species is found in the Falkland Islands , one species in New Caledonia , one species on both Mauritius and Réunion , two species in Papua New Guinea , three species in Hawaii , and three species in Australia including Tasmania and about half of all species native to New Zealand including the Chatham Islands with around 13 species .
The genus Astelia was established in 1810 by Joseph Banks & Daniel Solander in Robert Brown : Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae , p. 291 with the type species Astelia alpina R.Br. set up . A synonym for Astelia Banks & Sol. ex R.Br. is Funckia Muhl. ex Willd.
The genus Astelia contains - including Collospermum - about 31 species:
- Astelia alpina R.Br. : The home is Tasmania and New South Wales . It includes two varieties.
- Astelia argyrocoma A. Heller ex Skottsb. : It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai .
- Astelia australiana (JHWillis) LBMoore : The home is the Australian state of Victoria.
- Astelia banksii A. Cunn. : The home is the North Island of New Zealand .
- Astelia chathamica (Skottsb.) LBMoore : The home is the Chatham Islands .
- Astelia fragrans Colenso : Home is New Zealand.
- Astelia graminea L.B.Moore : Home is New Zealand.
- Astelia grandis Hook.f. ex Kirk : The home is New Zealand.
- Astelia hemichrysa (Lam.) Kunth : The homeland is Réunion and Mauritius.
- Astelia linearis Hook.f. : The home is New Zealand. With two varieties.
- Astelia menziesiana Sm . : The home is Hawaii .
- Astelia microsperma Colenso : The home is the North Island of New Zealand.
- Astelia montana Seem. : The home is Vanuatu and Fiji .
- Astelia nadeaudii Drake : The homeland is Tahiti and Raiatea .
- Astelia neocaledonica Schltr. : The home is New Caledonia .
- Astelia nervosa Banks & Sol. ex Hook.f. : The home is New Zealand.
- Astelia nivicola Cockayne ex Cheeseman : The home is the South Island of New Zealand. With two varieties.
- Astelia papuana Skottsb. : The home is Papua New Guinea .
- Astelia petriei Cockayne : The home is the South Island of New Zealand.
- Astelia psychrocharis F. Muell. : It thrives in alpine and sub-alpine areas only in New South Wales .
- Astelia pumila (JRForst.) Gaudich. : The home is the Falkland Islands , southern Argentina and southern Chile.
- Astelia rapensis Skottsb. : The home is Rapa Iti .
- Astelia samoense (Skottsb.) Birch : It occurs in Samoa .
- Astelia skottsbergii L.B.Moore : The home is the Nelson areaon the South Island of New Zealand.
- Astelia solandri A. Cunn. (Syn .: Astelia cunninghamii Hook. F. ): The home is New Zealand.
- Astelia spicata Colenso : It occurs on the North Island of New Zealand.
- Astelia subulata (Hook.f.) Cheeseman : It occurs on the South Island of New Zealand and on the Antipode Islands .
- Astelia tovii F.Br. : It occurs on the Marquesas Islands of Ua Pou and Nuku Hiva .
- Astelia trinervia Kirk : The home is the North Island of New Zealand.
- Astelia waialealae Wawra : It is endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kauai .
swell
- LB Moore & E. Edgar: Series: Flora of New Zealand , Volume: Indigenous Tracheophyta - Monocotyledons except Graminae , 1970: Astelia - Online.
- Astelia at the New South Wales Flora Online.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Astelia - Online.
- ↑ a b c d e f Astelia at New South Wales Flora Online.
- ↑ Entry in Australian Plant Name Index (APNI).
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Astelia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 22, 2018.
- ↑ Astelia argyrocoma at Plants of Hawaii .
- ↑ Astelia menziesiana at Plants of Hawaii .
- ↑ flore et à la faune endémiques et autochtones de la Nouvelle-Calédonie.
- ↑ Barry J. Conn: Census of VASCULAR PLANTS of PAPUA NEW GUINEA .
- ^ IUCN Red List.
Supplementary literature
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of Plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann Verlagsgesellschaft, 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 (therein page 120).
