Büraberg
| Büraberg | ||
|---|---|---|
 Büraberg seen from Fritzlar |
||
| height | 274.9 m above sea level NHN | |
| location | at unthought ; Schwalm-Eder-Kreis , Hessen ( Germany ) | |
| Mountains | West Hessian mountainous region | |
| Coordinates | 51 ° 7 '15 " N , 9 ° 14' 13" E | |
|
||
| particularities | - Remains of the Büraburg - St. Brigida Chapel |
|
The Büraberg is 274.9 m above sea level. NHN high northeastern edge of the Hessen Forest . It is located in the Fritzlar district of Ungedanken in the Schwalm-Eder district of Hesse . Together with the Eckerich ( 266 m ) to the northeast , the Büraberg forms the Porta Hassiaca at the exit of the Eder from the Wildunger Basin into the Fritzlar- Waberner basin . On the mountain are the remains of the Büraburg and the St. Brigida chapel.
geography
location
The Büraberg is - viewed in a counterclockwise direction - between the Fritzlar districts Ungedanken directly in the west, Rothhelmshausen in the south-south-west, the Fritzlar core city 2.7 km away in the east-north-east and Geismar in the north-north-east. Its mountain spur , which leads from the nearby Ruppenberg ( 296.7 m ) in the southwest to the Büraberg , drops steeply to the north and northeast into the valley of the Eder . The Osterbach, which flows southwest of the Ruppenberg and west of the Büraberg, flows into this north of Ungedanken shortly after the Ruppenbach is located in the village .
Natural allocation
The Büraberg belongs in the natural spatial main unit group West Hessisches Bergland (No. 34) and in the main unit Ostwaldecker Randsenken (341) to the subunit Hessenwald (341.6). To the north the landscape falls into the natural area Wegaer Ederaue (341.51 ) belonging to the subunit Wildunger Senke (341.5) and to the northeast into the natural area Elbergrund (341.41) belonging to the subunit Naumburger Senken und Ridge (341.4 ). To the east it descends into the Fritzlarer Ederflur (343.211), which belongs to the natural area of Wabern Plain (343.21) , and to the southeast into the natural area of Großenengliser Platte (343.22), which in the main unit West Hessian Basin (343) belongs to the subunit Hessengau (343.2).
Protected areas
These protected areas in the Edertal meet at the northern foot of the Büraberg: Schlämmteiche nature reserve near Geismar ( CDDA no. 165399; designated 1985; 27.27 hectares ), landscape protection area Auenverbund Eder (CDDA no. 378400; 1993; 45.0585 km² ) , Fauna-Flora-Habitat- Area Untere Eder (FFH-Nr. 4822-304; 16.659 km²) and bird sanctuary Ederaue (VSG-Nr. 4822-402; 30.9557 km²).
history
Buraburg
The plateau on the Büraberg had been populated again and again for thousands of years (including the Upper Palaeolithic , Michelsberg culture , La Tène period and Roman imperial period). At the former border between Franconian and Saxon settlement areas and above an important ford through the Eder, the elevation for the construction of a strong Franconian border fortress, the Büraburg , offered itself . It was built around 680 on the remains of a fortification from the time of the Great Migration , had about 8 hectares of interior space, a mortar wall at least 1.50 m wide, several towers and three gates. Several pointed trenches were dug at the particularly endangered places. In the early Middle Ages, there was no outer bailey settlement on the eastern part of the Bergsporn, this area was undeveloped at that time. Around 700 the fortifications were reinforced by wider (approx. 1.80 m) walls. The gates were extended. So far, one can only speculate about the interior settlement as a whole (post structures, stud houses on stone beams or cellars, pit houses). Around 750 the walls were reinforced again because of the risk of incursions by Saxony , to a width of about 2.70 m.
The in 722 by the Pope with the missionary in particular the chat and the reorganization of the church in the area north-east of the Main and Rhine entrusted Boniface chose the Büraburg as a base of his missionary activity and established in the year 742 and the first Hessian bishopric. However, the diocese of Büraberg was incorporated into the district of the Archdiocese of Mainz by Lullus as early as 755, before the death of the first and only bishop, Witta († 760) .
In 774, during the Saxon Wars of Charlemagne, the Saxons besieged the Büraburg, where the population of Fritzlar had sought protection. They looted and pillaged the city, but could not take the castle.
After the final subjugation of the Saxons, the Büraburg lost its military importance. By the middle of the 9th century at the latest, the focus of settlement shifted to Fritzlar, and by the 13th century the Büraberg was no longer inhabited.
Chapel of St. Brigida
The Chapel of St. Brigida, dedicated to the Irish national saint Brigida , was built on the Büraberg as the center of the Büraburg . The oldest surviving component is the choir arch wall, which could be dated to the period 543 to 668 and 558 to 667 by radiocarbon dating of charcoal particles in the lime mortar. It would be the oldest church building in its origins east or north of the Upper Germanic-Raetian Limes .
There is no reason to doubt the accuracy of the C-14 analyzes using the radiocarbon method , but the question is whether the wood samples taken from the masonry mortar of the choir arch wall and used for these analyzes did not come from wood that was only used for a second time used in the manufacture of the mortar. According to the results of the excavation in Sondershausen, which is not far from the Büraburg, it cannot be ruled out that the St. Brigida Chapel was originally a sacred building with pagan references and was only used by Anglo-Saxon missionaries (think of the one before Boniface Willibrord, active in Thuringia ) was rededicated to Christianity. Something similar is assumed for the two-aisled building excavated in Sondershausen on the edge of the Merovingian cemetery.
There is a cemetery next to the St. Brigida chapel.
St. Brigida has been a destination for annual processions and pilgrimages since 1773. Every year on the 5th Sunday after Easter ( Prayer Sunday ), Catholic believers from Fritzlar and Unthanken, among others, march in a procession to the chapel.
Traffic and walking
North past the Büraberg, the federal road 253 leads downstream along the Eder from Bad Wildungen in the west through Unthotten to the Wabern junction of the federal highway 49 in the south-east near Fritzlar . Unthinkingly , the district road 75, which runs south-south-east to Rothhelmshausen , branches off this road and from this village runs north-east to the B 253. From this street in turn the Bürabergstraße branches off, which leads to the hikers' parking lot on the summit region of the elevation . The Wabern – Brilon Wald railway runs parallel to the B 253, with a stop in Unthanken.
The Bonifatiusweg , which also leads through Fritzlar and Borken in Hesse, and the 326 km long Barbarossaweg , which runs from Korbach in Hesse and to Tilleda in Thuringia , run over the Büraberg . At the summit ends a way of the cross coming from the east-northeast from the Edertal (B 253).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Martin Bürgener: Geographical Land Survey: The natural spatial units on sheet 111 Arolsen. Federal Institute for Regional Studies, Bad Godesberg 1963. → Online map (PDF; 4.1 MB)
- ↑ Thorsten Sonnemann: The Büraburg and the Fritzlar-Wabern Basin in the early Middle Ages. Settlement archaeological investigations on the central location-environment problem. Medieval archeology in Hessen I. Studies on the archeology of Europe, Volume 12 . ISBN 978-3-7749-3655-3 , pp. 44-45 .
- ↑ Thorsten Sonnemann: The Bürabug and the Fritzlar-Wabern Basin in the early Middle Ages. Settlement archaeological investigations on the central location-environment problem. Medieval archeology in Hessen I. Studies on the archeology of Europe, Volume 12 . ISBN 978-3-7749-3655-3 , pp. 44 .
- ↑ Diethard Walter: Report: Sondershausen - In the sign of the realm ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , in: Archeology in Germany , 6/2006, p. 66 f
literature
- Jan Fornfeist: Mortar examinations on the fortification walls of the Büraburg near Fritzlar (Schwalm-Eder district) and selected objects from the 4th to 11th centuries , in: Fund reports from Hessen 48/49, 2008/2009, Bonn 2011, pp. 207-317 , ISSN 0071-9889 .
- Thorsten Sonnemann: The Büraburg and the Fritzlar-Wabern Basin in the early Middle Ages. Settlement archaeological investigations on the central location-environment problem. Medieval Archeology in Hesse I. Studies on the Archeology of Europe, Volume 12. Bonn 2010.
- Andreas Thiedmann: St. Brigida on the Büraberg near Fritzlar-Ungedanken - new insights into building history , in: Hessen Archeology 2005, Stuttgart 2006, pp. 99-102
- Katharina Thiersch: The St. Brigida Chapel on the Büraberg near Fritzlar-Ungedanken , in: Denkmalpflege & Kulturgeschichte , ed. State Office for Monument Preservation Hesse, issue 2/2003, pp. 22–26
- Joseph Vonderau: The excavations at the Büraberg near Fritzlar 1926/31. The established Franconian fortifications, as well as the basic lines of the oldest church buildings at the first Hessian bishop's seat in the middle of the fort . 22. Publications of the Fulda History Association, ed. by Prof. Dr. hc Joseph Vonderau , Fuldaer Actiendruckerei, Fulda 1934
- Diethard Walter: Report Sondershausen: In the sign of the empire , in: Archeology in Germany 6/2006, p. 66 f.
- Norbert Wand: The Büraburg near Fritzlar - a Franconian imperial castle with a bishopric in Hesse , in: Early medieval castle building in Central and Eastern Europe, Nitra conference from October 7th to 10th, 1996 , ed. Joachim Henning and Alexander T. Ruttkay, Bonn 1998 (there further references)
- Norbert wall: St. Brigida on the Büraberg near Fritzlar-Ungedanken (Schwalm-Eder district). A pre-Bonifatian monastery of the early Carolingian era, in the journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , Volume 104, 1999, pp. 11–36
- Matthias Werner: Irish and Anglo-Saxons in Central Germany. On the pre-Bonifatian mission in Hesse and Thuringia , in: Heinz Löwe (Ed.): The Iren and Europe in the Early Middle Ages , Stuttgart 1982, pp. 239–329
Web links
- Büraberg , on ungedanken.de
- Friends of the Chapel of St. Brigida in Unthought e. V. , on buerabergkapelle-st-brigida.de