Pokój

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Pokój
Coat of arms of Gmina Pokój
Pokój (Poland)
Pokój
Pokój
Basic data
State : Poland
Voivodeship : Opole
Powiat : Namysłowski
Gmina : Pokój
Geographic location : 50 ° 54 ′  N , 17 ° 50 ′  E Coordinates: 50 ° 54 ′ 0 ″  N , 17 ° 50 ′ 0 ″  E
Residents : 1425
Postal code : 46-034
Telephone code : (+48) 77
License plate : ONA
Economy and Transport
Street : Opole - Namysłów
Next international airport : Wroclaw



Pokój (German Carlsruhe O / S , also Bad Carlsruhe , Silesian Coarlsruhe , Schlonsakisch Pokůj ) is a village in the Powiat Namysłowski of the Opole Voivodeship in Poland . It has about 1400 inhabitants and is the seat of the rural community of the same name with about 5300 inhabitants.

Carlsruhe was a popular spa in Silesia from 1850 to 1945.

geography

Geographical location

Pokój is centrally located in the Opole Voivodeship. The voivodeship capital Opole is about 31 kilometers south of Pokój. The district town of Namysłów (Dt. Namslau ) is 23 kilometers to the northwest. The provincial road Droga wojewódzka 454 runs through the village .

Pokój lies in the middle of the Stobrawa Protected Landscape Area (Polish: Stobrawski Park Krajobrazowy ).

Neighboring places

Neighboring places of Pokój are in the north Goalsiec (Gründorf) , in the southeast Krzywa Góra (Blumenthal) and in the southwest Kuźnica Katowska (Alt Hammer) .

history

Carlsruhe Castle - destroyed in 1945
Carl Christian Erdmann von Württemberg-Oels (1716–1792)
Evangelical Sophienkirche
Aerial photo of Carlsruhe, approx. 1930. The structure of the place with the castle square, the castle in the middle and the eight avenues can be seen clearly.

Prehistory and founding of the city

The present area of ​​the city of Pokój was covered by a dense spruce and pine forest until the middle of the 18th century. This belonged to the two villages Krogulna and Gründorf , which in turn were property of Count von Redern . Only a wooden hunting lodge was found in this area. These goods were inherited by Duke Carl Christian Erdmann von Württemberg-Oels. He often came to this area as a hunting enthusiast. According to legend, he fell asleep while hunting and dreamed of founding a city here. The Erdmannsstern monument commemorated this event until 1945 .

In 1747/48, Duke Carl Christian Erdmann von Württemberg-Oels laid out a zoo on the area, which was provided with a fence. Thereupon he had soldiers cut eight avenues in the forest in this area, which meet in a star in today's center of Pokój (today: rondo Jana Pawła II ). Karlsruhe in Baden served as an urban planning example for the expansion of the settlement . At the intersection of the eight axes, the Schlossplatz, he had the foundation stone laid for a new hunting lodge on March 18, 1749, which was inaugurated on April 3, 1750 just one year later. But in October 1751 this building burned down. Construction of a new castle began in the spring of 1752. In the following years the first houses, stables and a distillery were built around the star. Between 1754 and 1760 the first ponds were created around Carlsruhe, such as the deer, Sophien or Mariente pond. In 1760 the first school was set up in the village. From 1763 the first craftsmen settled in Carlsruhe. The Evangelical Sophienkirche was built between 1765 and 1775. From 1780 the construction of the park south of the palace in the style of an English garden began.

The Duke died in 1792 and was buried in the crypt of the Sophienkirche. Carlsruhe passed on to his nephew Duke Eugen Friedrich Heinrich von Württemberg . In 1793 the residence of the Prince of Oels - Bernstadt was moved from Oels to Carlsruhe. In 1797 the first Catholic church was built in the village. In 1798 the ducal castle burned down again and was then rebuilt in the shape that existed until 1945.

Carlsruhe in the 19th century

From mid-1806 to early 1807, Carl Maria von Weber was a guest of Duke Eugen Friedrich Heinrich von Württemberg in Carlsruhe , where he composed a. a. his two symphonies. From 1817 Carlsruhe was also a market town. In 1850, Medical Councilor Dr. Freund build the first bathing establishment in Carlsruhe and offer pine-needle baths here against rheumatic diseases. From then on, Carlsruhe developed into a popular spa and was therefore also known as Bad Carlsruhe . In 1889 Carlsruhe was connected to the railway line between Opole and Namslau . In the same year a healing spring Charlotta was discovered in the village.

Carlsruhe in the 20th century

In 1905 Carlsruhe had 2543 inhabitants. In 1909 the new Catholic Church was consecrated. In the referendum in Upper Silesia on March 20, 1921, 1977 voters voted to remain with Germany and 25 for Poland. The synagogue in Bad Carlsruhe was destroyed during the Reichspogromnacht in 1938.

On January 21, 1945, the place was taken by the Red Army without a fight , but nevertheless plundered and set on fire. The Soviet soldiers set fire to almost all buildings, which ultimately destroyed 80 percent of the place. In addition to the castle, all the houses located directly on the star were destroyed. Only the two churches in the village remained almost intact. Until 1945 Bad Carlsruhe was in the Opole district. The castle ruins were completely torn down after 1945 and the spa operations were discontinued.

In 1945 the previously German place came under Polish administration, was renamed Pokój and joined the Silesian Voivodeship. In 1950 the place came to the Opole Voivodeship. In 1999 Pokój came to the Powiat Namysłowski .

Population development

year 1763 1787 1845 1861 1898 1917 1925 1933 1939
population 13 551 2067 2364 2121 2113 2245 2711 2640

Attractions

Destroyed statue in the castle park
The neo-baroque Roman Catholic Church

Castle Park

The creation of the palace gardens began in 1780 and in the following decades it was partly designed in the style of English gardens and French gardens . There are numerous monuments and sculptures in the park, most of which have been destroyed. The heads of all sculptures were cut off or symbols and inscriptions removed. Individual sights in the park: 1. The lion monument , 2. A boulder, which was dedicated to the Duchess Alexandrine Mathilde von Württemberg. The medallion with the portrait of the Duchess and the inscription "The grateful Carlsruher" has been removed. 3. Monument to Carl Maria von Weber, the column with the bust of Webers and the tablet are missing, the arm with the wreath and the head of the woman's sculpture were cut off. 4. Artificial ruin. 5. Mathilden Temple 6. Victory Monument, eagle missing.

More Attractions

  • The Evangelical Sophienkirche is located in the southeast of the village. Construction of the church began in 1765, but between 1767 and 1771 construction had to stop. The Sophienkirche was consecrated on August 8, 1765.
  • The neo-baroque Roman Catholic Exaltation of the Cross Church was consecrated on July 18, 1908. Before that there was already a wooden church in the village, which was consecrated in 1797.
  • Bust of Carl Maria von Weber, placed right in front of the Sophienkirche in 2010
  • Bust of Ferdinand Freiherr von Richthofen, placed on the left in front of the Sophienkirche in 2012

Culture

Events

  • The Carl-Maria-von-Weber-Festival

Personalities

Sons and daughters of the place

Personalities who have worked in the place

local community

The rural community (gmina wiejska) Pokój is divided into a number of villages with school boards (sołectwa).

literature

  • Felix Triest: Topographisches Handbuch von Oberschlesien, Volume 1. Verlag von Wilh. God. Korn, Breslau 1864, pp. 119–123.

Web links

Commons : Pokój  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gmina Pokój - History (Polish)
  2. ^ History of Carlsruhe
  3. ^ Results of the referendum in Upper Silesia of 1921 for the Opole district ( memento of January 24, 2017 in the Internet Archive ) on home.arcor.de, accessed on August 18, 2015.
  4. ↑ Jewish life in Carlsruhe
  5. ↑ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. City and district of Opole (Polish: Opole). (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).