Bandar-e Jask
| Bandar-e Jask | |||
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| Basic data | |||
| Country: |
 Iran
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| Province : | Hormozgan | ||
| Coordinates : | 25 ° 39 ′ N , 57 ° 46 ′ E | ||
| Height : | 7 m | ||
| Residents : | 13,810 (2011) | ||
| Time zone : | UTC +3: 30 | ||
Bandar-e Jask ( Persian بَندَرِ جاسک Bandar-e Jask, 'Port of Jask', also Bandar-e Jask ; in short simply Jask Persian جاسک Dschāsk or Jask ) is a port city in Hormozgan Province , Iran . It is the administrative seat of the Jask district . At the 2011 census , its population was 13,810. The climate is warm and humid.
geography
The city is located on and on the Ra's-e Dschask (Cape Dschask), a headland jutting southwest into the Gulf of Oman , around 225 km southeast of Minab and around 1700 kilometers south of Tehran on the north bank of the Gulf of Oman and on the east bank of the Strait of Hormuz . Cape Jask is the western end of the Makran coast, which extends from here for about 1000 km in an easterly direction to Sonmiani Bay , about 25 kilometers north of Karachi in Pakistan .
Infrastructure
Bandar-e Dschask is the western end point of the 493 km long expressway 98 from Tschahbahar to Dschask and the southern end point of the 1,720 km long expressway 91 from Feyz Abad via Minab to Dschask.
Since October 2008 there has been a base of the Iranian Navy in Bandar-e Jask , from which the Strait of Hormuz and thus the access to the Persian Gulf can be blocked if necessary . In addition to patrol and speed boats, Ghadir- type coastal submarines are also stationed in Jask .
According to plans that have been in circulation since at least 2008, Bandar-e Jask is also to be expanded into Iran's second large oil port (after the island of Charg ). Among other things, an approximately 2200 km long pipeline is to be laid from Nekā on the Caspian Sea to Bandar-e Jask, through which petroleum from Russia , Azerbaijan and Central Asia would then be directed. A tank farm for 20 million barrels and, with Chinese help, an industrial park are also to be built.
The airport Jask County ( IATA code: JSK) is with its 1.8km of runway located on the coast just south of the city. There are to surveillance drones of in Iran Qods Aviation Industries type manufactured Mohajer be stationed.
History
Bandar-e Dschask was once a center of the Mithra cult in Persia, and the ruins of the Mithra temple Anahita still stand in the city today.
In December 1616 the first English merchant ship that made appeared Surat in India next James under Captain Edward Connock of the English East India Company , in Jask County and already in 1619 the company set up on the basis of 1617 by Connock Shah I. Abbas erwirkten privilege here a branch. (The Persia Agency , which was founded at the same time, was relocated to Bandar Abbas after the Portuguese were expelled from Hormuz in 1622. ) The company was given the right to import and export goods duty-free , to build a church and hold services, to set up a cemetery, British Arrest and repatriate lawbreakers to England and exercise criminal justice in Anglo-Iranian cases. However, the application to build a fort was rejected in 1618. When the Portuguese, established on the island of Hormuz from 1515 onwards, tried to prevent British East India Company ships from calling at Jask, on December 28, 1620, a sea battle at Jask broke out between four ships on both sides. The Portuguese-Flemish squadron was badly damaged by British gunfire and escaped to Hormuz. In January 1622 Abbas recaptured the island of Hormuz from the Portuguese with the help of six ships from the company. In 1623 he relocated the port to the mainland and gave the city there its current name, Bandar Abbas, which soon replaced Bandar-e Jask as the main base of the East India Company on the Persian Gulf.
In 1869, Bandar-e Jask became the critical junction of a new telegraph connection established in 1868/69 from British India to Western Europe: an underwater cable from Karachi via Sonmiani , Ormara , Pasni and Gwadar (all in today's Pakistan ) and Tschahbahar (in Iran) to Jask and that Aden submarine cables were connected to the Buschehr and Bandar-e Lengeh overhead lines in Jask . The telegraph station of the Indo-European Telegraph Department (IETD) in Jask, located directly on the Cape, was protected by a company of Sepoys from 1916 onwards during World War I. The lighthouse installed on the roof of the station in 1914 was replaced after the beginning of the Second World War (probably in 1941) by a round, white-painted lighthouse, which today is replaced by a 20 m high red steel lattice tower with a square cross-section. In 1930 the previously British telegraph station and beacon were handed over to the Iranian government. The building has been registered as historically significant since 2006 and efforts are being made to convert it into a military museum.
landmarks
The so-called Black and White Tower , a former navigation sign on the beach in the south of the city, about 1 km east of the cape, is worth seeing . It is built alternately from seven or eight layers of white or black bricks, which make a total of three white and three black bands. The top black layer ends in a truncated pyramidal tip.
Immediately north of the city, the great Xore Jâsk tidal creek meanders in two large loops several kilometers inland. His environment, about 11,500 hectares, consists of sandy beaches, dunes , Watt , marshes , flooded bogs , barely vegetated sandy areas and, at its inner end, a magnificent mangrove forest of about 100 hectares of species Avicennia marina . The area is of considerable importance for birds that hibernate here, e.g. B. Dalmatian Pelican ( Pelecanus crispus ), Goliath Heron ( Ardea goliath ), Indian Pond Heron ( Ardeola grayii ) Krabbentriel ( Esacus recurvirostris ), eagles ( Haliaeetus albicilla ), etc. At the level of the Creek area to find Brown abdominal Sandgrouse ( Pterocles exustus ) and sand lark ( Ammomanes cinctura ).
Footnotes
- ↑ Iran: Hormozgan , on citypopulation.de
- ↑ Also Ras-e Jask, Ra's-e Jask.
- ↑ BBC News: Iran 'opens naval base' near Gulf
- ↑ a b We Found Iran's Secretive Drone Base , on thedailybeast.com
- ↑ Iran to build new oil export terminals in Persian Gulf
- ↑ Iran plans to turn Jask port into its 2nd oil hub
- ↑ Iran-China plan to establish industrial park
- ↑ Mohajer (UAV) , on globalsecurity.org
- ↑ It was not called the British East India Company until 1707.
- ^ A b Daniel T. Potts: Jask, in iranicaonline
- ↑ Percy Sykes: A History of Persia , Volume II. Reprint of the original edition by Macmillan & Co., 1915. Routledge Shorton, New York, 2004, ISBN 0-415-32680-X , pp. 190-191
- ^ Encyclopaedia Iranica: Indo-European Telegraph Department
- ↑ The Ras-e Jask lighthouse is at position 25.63647 N, 57.76437 E, directly on Cape Jask. The height of fire of the beacon, which flashes white twice every 15 seconds, is 32 m. ( Lighthouses of Southern Iran )
- ↑ Iran's oldest telegraph tower to serve as museum
- ↑ Photo of the tower
- ↑ Welcome to Jâsk , on occities.org
