Benedict XIII. (Pope)
Benedict XIII. , Birth name Pietro Francesco Orsini (in the order Vincenzo Maria ); (* February 2, 1649 in Gravina in Puglia , Kingdom of Naples ; † February 21, 1730 in Rome ), was a Roman Catholic Pope from 1724 to 1730. There was already the antipope Benedict XIII. but the count was discarded.
Life
Benedict XIII. came from the influential Orsini family . At the age of 16 he became a Dominican against the will of his parents , studied theology in Venice and Bologna and philosophy in Naples and was appointed cardinal by Pope Clement X in 1672 , even if he initially resisted the appointment. In 1675 he became Archbishop of Manfredonia , in 1680 also Bishop of Cesena and in 1686 finally Archbishop of Benevento . He was considered capable and cared very much about the welfare of the dioceses he administered . After a 70 day conclave , he was elected Pope by the cardinals on May 29, 1724 and enthroned on June 4 . Before that, referring to his old age and his physical weakness, he had initially refused to accept the office. Benedict XIII. - He chose the name in memory of the Dominican Pope Benedict XI. - was extremely pious, but exposed to unfavorable influences.
As a first official act, he issued guidelines against the luxurious pomp of clerical dignitaries and clerical clothing , without ultimately being able to assert himself. In dealing with Jansenism , he took tough paths and forced the main representative of the current, Cardinal Louis-Antoine de Noailles from Paris, to issue the bull Unigenitus of Clement XI. , in which Jansenism was condemned, to be accepted without reservation. In 1725 he published the Memoriale Rituum .
In political questions he was yielding to the claims of Piedmont and Sicily for their own state church . It is critical to note about his pontificate that he appointed the corrupt Cardinal Niccolò Coscia in Benevento as coadjutor . This was imprisoned after the death of the Pope after a popular uprising .
Benedict XIII. died on February 21, 1730 in Rome and is buried in the Cappella di San Domenico in the church of Santa Maria sopra Minerva .
Beatification process
Pope Pius XI opened on February 21, 1931, the diocesan process, the beatification process for Benedict XIII., which since the official designation as a servant of God belongs. After a long break, the proceedings were resumed in 2010. On February 24, 2017, the diocesan information process was completed with the delivery of the files by Cardinal Vicar Agostino Vallini to the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints .
Apostolic succession
The Apostolic Succession of Pope Benedict XIII. is documented up to Cardinal Scipione Rebiba :
- Benedict XIII.
- Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni
- Cardinal Ulderico Carpegna
- Cardinal Luigi Caetani
- Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi
- Archbishop Galeazzo Sanvitale
- Cardinal Girolamo Bernerio , OP
- Cardinal Giulio Antonio Santorio
- Cardinal Scipione Rebiba
literature
- Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz : Benedikt XIII .. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 1, Bautz, Hamm 1975. 2nd, unchanged edition Hamm 1990, ISBN 3-88309-013-1 , Sp. 489-490.
- Entry in the Catholic Encyclopedia , Robert Appleton Company, New York 1913.
Web links
- Literature by and about Benedict XIII. in the catalog of the German National Library
- Tripota - Trier portrait database
Individual evidence
- ↑ New stage in the beatification process of Pope Benedict XIII. Zenit (news agency) , February 23, 2017, accessed February 28, 2017 .
| predecessor | Office | successor |
|---|---|---|
| Innocent XIII. |
 Pope 1724-1730 |
Clement XII. |
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Benedict XIII. |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Orsini, Pietro Francesco |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Pope (1724-1730) |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 2, 1649 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Gravina in Puglia , Italy |
| DATE OF DEATH | February 21, 1730 |
| Place of death | Rome |