Berlin (Russia)

settlement Berlin Берлин Federal district Ural Oblast Chelyabinsk Rajon Troitsky Founded 1842 Earlier names Item number 32 surface 2.83 km² population 613 inhabitants (as of Oct. 14, 2010) Height of the center 228  m Time zone UTC + 5 Telephone code (+7) 35163 Post Code 457130 License Plate 74, 174 OKATO 75 254 840 003 Website https://nikishka-95.wixsite.com/berlin Restrictions Restricted border area ОКТМО 75 654 440 111 Geographical location Coordinates 54 ° 0 '  N , 61 ° 12'  E Coordinates: 54 ° 0 '22 "  N , 61 ° 11' 35"  E

Situation in Russia

Location in Chelyabinsk Oblast

Berlin ( Russian Берли́н ) is a Russian settlement in the Troitski rajon of Chelyabinsk Oblast . The place belongs to the rural municipality Nizhnesanarskoje and lies on the southern bank of the Tschernuschka , a tributary of the Ui . Chelyabinsk is about 125 km north. The state border with Kazakhstan is three to four kilometers away in the south and east . Therefore, as a border area, the area is closed to strangers.

Surname

The name of the settlement comes from the German capital Berlin , which is around 3,300 km as the crow flies and 3,741 kilometers by road. The village shares the name Berlin with 54 places worldwide.

history

Berlin is one of 32 fortified settlements of the "New Line" . There are other places in the area that are reminiscent of Germany and Western Europe, e.g. B. Leipzig ( Лейпциг ) , Kassel ( Кассельский ) or Paris ( Париж ) . These and twenty-four other localities are in the Chelyabinsk Oblast . They were named after places where the Orenburg Cossacks fought in the Russian army.

Sphere in the wall of a house in Beelitz near Berlin

The place name recalls the Russian occupation of Berlin in October 1760 by Cossack units under the Saxon-Russian General Heinrich von Tottleben and the liberation of Berlin in October 1813 by Cossack regiments from Napoleon's troops .

founding

The settlers and namesake of these places were Orthodox Orenburg Cossacks , who were ordered to the southern Urals by decree of Emperor Nicholas I in 1840 after the war . There they were supposed to secure the southern border of the Russian Empire , founded here in 1842 as post number 32 . The places were therefore military or border posts, garrisons and fortified villages. All of these settlements have a similar floor plan with streets arranged at right angles.

USSR

Border security was no longer necessary between the Union Republics of the Russian SFSR and the Kazakh SSR . The fortifications fell into disrepair or were demolished. The farms were collectivized into kolkhozes .

Russian Federation

After the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and with the establishment of the Russian Federation, many of the collectivized companies were privatized again and some were given up.

The border with Kazakhstan became an external border and secured accordingly. The presence of the border troops dominates the social life of the place.

Meanwhile, there is a tradition for " Victory Day to organize" a "victory rally" from Troitsk to Berlin. The vehicles are often decorated with Soviet and Russian flags and painted with appropriate slogans on the martially staged conquest and liberation journey. You can even see young people in " Red Army " uniforms , like at a costume party. Participants in the war are honored on site at the monument to the “ Great Patriotic War ”. Since all veterans have now died, their descendants and seniors are celebrated.

economy

• There are several farms and a few small industrial companies.
• South of the place is the Troitzki forest steppe reserve, a research area, the teaching and experimental forest of the Troitski Biological Faculty of the University of Perm (" Троицкое учебно-опытное лесное хозяйство Пермсовего ").
  The reserve was created in 1927. When many protected areas were dissolved, it was transferred to the care of the University of Perm in 1951 (1951). It has been a state nature reserve since January 21, 1969. In a small area (1200 ha) there are very rare plant and animal species
• The gas pipeline of the Gazprom subsidiary UralTransGas passes underground on the western edge of the town .
• Key economic factor is the presence of the FSB - border troops ., Which are housed in a new barracks since 2010 that control with modern monitoring equipment the border area. The barracks site is shown as an industrial area on Russian maps. The resolution of the display has been significantly reduced.
• A few meters of concrete wall were added to the northwestern fence of the community center and painted with a graffito "Berlin Wall" ( Russian Берлинская стена )

traffic

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• With the collapse of the Soviet Union , traffic connections to and from Kazakhstan (road, rail) were largely interrupted and closed.
• There are no official connections to the neighborhood in Kazakhstan in the immediate vicinity. However, if you know the area, you can cross the green border illegally. Approaching the border is punishable if it is less than 100 meters. The official border crossing at Bugristoe (Бугристое) is 45 km away.
• Bus № 237 offers two daily connections to Troitsk, 34 km away, except Tuesdays and Thursdays .
• The access road 75К-237 is paved and leads 15 km to the А-310 / E123 . Up to 2005 the national territory of Kazakhstan was crossed for one kilometer. After the border correction, the street is freely passable for residents, as the state border now runs to the east almost next to the carriageway.
• Access to the border area is only permitted for residents or with a special permit. The restricted area begins a few hundred meters south of the Triozk - Nizhnyaya Sanarka road (Троицк - Нижняя Санарка) and is marked by a conspicuous sign.
• The nine local roads are unpaved, only the access to the barracks is stable.
• An unclassified road leads about 10 km south of Berlin to Jagodni (Ягодный) on Lake Kukai (Озеро Кукай).

Education and culture

• There is a state, general education school in the village, which was founded as a parish school as early as 1904. After the October Revolution it was kept as a primary school. In 1951 it was expanded to a seven-year school. In 1961 it was renamed an eight year school. It has been a secondary school since 1979. and in 1994 the status of a general comprehensive school was achieved.
• The local community and culture center offers an entertainment and information program.
• There has been a private music school since 1996. The “Berliner Luft” is also part of the repertoire .
• The FSB barracks has its own cultural and entertainment facilities for employees.

Personalities

• Ivan Pavlovich Warfolomejew (1928–2011), literary critic, doctor of philology, professor, member of the International Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences (Moscow)

Web links

• Interesting private page of a resident about Berlin with various photos (Russian)
• Photo collection Berlin and the surrounding area
• Европейские »поселки (Берлин, Варна, Лейпциг, Париж, Фершампенуаз) (Russian)
• Tourist portal: Berlin (Russian)
• "European" settlements (Berlin, Varna, Leipzig, Paris, Fershampenoise) (Russian)
• Short report: Берлин в России (Челябинская область). Место на карте (Russian)
• Postid: п Берлин, р-н Троицкий на карте Челябинской области (ZIP and street directory with house numbers, Russian )
• Почтовые индексы России (street directory with house numbers, Russian )
• «Победный» автопробег Троицк - Берлин. In: u24.ru. May 6, 2014, accessed February 15, 2020 (Russian). 

TV reports

• Worldwide Berlin , documentary by DW-TV (German)
• mdr-Windrose Reportage: Leipzig, Paris, Berlin - Three Villages in Russia (2011, German )
• TV report by «МИР 24» "Париж и Берлин челябинского разлива" (July 10, 2016, Russian )
• Report from MegaRu: День Победы в поселке Берлин Челябинской области. 2016 г. (Russian)
• Репортаж для программы "Точка зрения", телеканал ОТВ, Челябинск (Russian)
• "Евротур" по Челябинской области (2016, Russian , "Eurotrip" Chelyabinsk region)
• Report on TV recordings by ZDF in Berlin (Russian)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Itogi Vserossijskoj perepisi naselenija 2010 goda. Tom 1. Čislennostʹ i razmeščenie naselenija (Results of the All-Russian Census 2010. Volume 1. Number and distribution of the population). Tables 5 , pp. 12-209; 11 , pp. 312–979 (download from the website of the Federal Service for State Statistics of the Russian Federation)
2. ↑ Троицкий район (Russian)
3. ↑ Нижнесанарское сельское поселение (Russian)
4. ↑ Чернушка in the register of waters (Russian)
5. ↑ Soviet General Staff Map sheet N-41-063 1: 100000 , sheet N-41-075 , Soviet General Staff Map regional overview
6. ↑ visit authorizations shall be submitted to:
   Border Guard Department of the FSB of the Russian Federation in the Chelyabinsk region
   Mailing address:. 454091 Chelyabinsk, Vasenko Str 8
   Пограничное управление ФСБ России по Челябинской области
   454091, Челябинская область, г. Челябинск, ул. Васенко, д. 8th
7. ↑ История посёлка (The history of the village)
8. ^ Orenburg Kosaken, history
9. ^ German encyclopedia: Wehrdorf
10. ↑ Europe is in Russia, September 21, 2014 Darja Kesina, for RBTH
11. ↑ На Берлин! (фоторепортаж) ("To Berlin!", Russian , illustrated)
    «Победный» автопробег Троицк - Берлин ("Sieges" -Rallye Troitsk-Berlin, Russian , illustrated)
12. ↑ System specially protected, natural areas in the Tschelijabinsk Region (Russian)
    Троицкий заказник - Troizker Reserve (Russian)
    Faculty of Biology of the University of Perm (English)
    Троицкое учебно-опытное лесное хозяйство
    Jan. 11 - All-Russian Day of Reserves and National Parks ( Memento of the original from January 18, 2018 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian) 
13. ↑ Map of the gas pipelines Kazakhstan , manager magazin: "Investor protection in Russian"
14. ↑ Report on the expansion of the border guards in Berlin, 2011 (Russian)
    inauguration of the barracks of the FSB border troops , 2009 (Russian)
    inauguration of the barracks of the FSB border troops, 2009 ( Memento of the original from July 21, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (Russian) "Южноуральская панорама" : Wunder Berlin (October 15, 2009, (Russian) report on the FSB base) 
    
15. ↑ TV report about the opening ceremony of the FSB border post; "Точка зрения" , OTV television station, Chelyabinsk (Russian)
    October 22, 2009 City on the border - the military celebrates the inauguration party (Russian)
16. ↑ Народная карта - редактор Яндекс.Карт. Retrieved June 3, 2018 (Russian). 
17. ↑ Европейское путешествие Evoque 2013 (Russian)
18. ↑ Bugristoe (Бугристое) border with Kazakhstan (Russian)
19. ↑ Пригородные автобусы (timetable, Russian )
20. ↑ Open Alfa OSM Russia Streets
21. ↑ Border and road course (until 2005)
    Омско-казахская область (Omsk-Kazakh region) (Russian)
22. ↑ Der Ozero Kukay
    Ozero Kukay: Russia
    ocation of Ozero Kukay, Russia
    Озеро Кукай (good description, Russian )
23. ↑ МБОУ "Берлинская СОШ" (Russian)
24. ↑ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ДОПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ СХП "ЗАРЯ" МУЗЫКАЛЬНАЯ ШКОЛА СЕЛА БЕРЛИН (information about the music school, Russian )
25. ↑ Biography of Ivan Warfolomejew (Russian)