Calixtus shine

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Signature page of the Peace of Szczecin with the signature of Schein on the right below the center

Calixtus Schein (also Calixtus Schein, the Elder ; * 1529 probably in Dresden ; † November 4, 1600 in Lübeck ) was the syndic of the Hanseatic city of Lübeck .

Life

Calixtus Schein was the son of the town clerk Valentin Schein in Meißen . He attended the newly established Prince's School St. Afra and studied from 1545 jurisprudence at the University of Leipzig , from 1549 at the University of Wittenberg and earned his Dr. jur. After the death of his father in 1554 he was initially his successor in Meißen, but then, due to circumstances that had not yet been clarified, he came to Kiel , where he was appointed as the city's syndic . In 1565 he was initially limited in time, from 1575 he was appointed for life to the Syndicus of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck and thus belonged to the city council. In addition to his office in Lübeck, he also represented the interests of the Elector of Saxony and the Dukes of Mecklenburg and Saxony-Lauenburg as a lawyer . Calixtus Schein represented the economic and political interests of the Free Imperial City of Lübeck in the Baltic Sea area as well as towards the Holy Roman Empire with talent for foreign policy and great negotiating skills . At the same time, as Syndicus, he had a prominent judicial function at the Oberhof Lübeck and was also in charge of the legislative process of the Lübeck law .

Calixtus Schein was married twice and both marriages presumably resulted in eight children. Towards the end of the 1560s he housed his brother, the theologian and educator Hieronymus Schein, the father of the later Thomas cantor Johann Hermann Schein , in Lübeck.

His epitaph in the Jakobikirche in Lübeck has not been preserved. In 1593, as the syndic of this church, he donated a two-armed brass sconce, which can no longer be identified today.

Lübeck foreign policy

The beginning of Lübeck's activity was overshadowed by the current three-crown war , in which Lübeck fought alongside Denmark under King Friedrich II against Sweden for its trade and maritime interests in the Baltic Sea and Scandinavia. A separate peace was negotiated in 1568 by a delegation consisting of the mayor Christoph Tode and Syndicus Calixtus Schein on the Lübeck side and initialed by them to the Danes and the Swedish negotiators, but not ratified by the Swedes because they exceeded their negotiating powers. It was not until 1570, with the Peace of Stettin , that Calixtus Schein, again together with Mayor Christoph Tode, achieved a diplomatic success for Lübeck that ended the war; the city's participation in this peace was Lübeck's last major international diplomatic success before its political decline as a largely independent trading power in Northern Europe.

In the years that followed, Schein worked for Lübeck almost every year in Denmark to secure Lübeck's trade interests in matters of the Sundzoll and to maintain Lübeck's privileges in Bergen or at the Scandinavian Fair . In 1574 he was together with the councilor Paul Rönnefeld as the city's ambassador in Sweden to help King Johann III. to get the clearance of 17 Lübeck merchant ships captured by the Swedes on the return journey from Narva . This diplomatic mission failed and the Lübeck Council turned to the Kaiser about this breach of the Peace of Stettin.

From 1575 he was significantly involved in the negotiations of the mayors Christoph Tode and Johann Brokes as well as the councilor Hermann von Dorne about the return of the island of Bornholm, which was pledged in Lübeck, to Denmark .

In addition, Schein represented Lübeck (and the Hanseatic League ) several times at the Reichstag and with the Emperor at the court of Prague .

Lübeck administration of justice

Renaissance portal to the negotiation hall of the Oberhof Lübeck, today the audience hall of the town hall

The certificate, which came from Saxony, was in High German throughout, and his term of office fell during the transition of the administrative and legal language in Lübeck from Low German to Early New High German . The best-known example of this is the High German version of Luebian law , even if it was only inadequately revised, developed on behalf of the Lübeck Council by Mayor Johann Lüdinghusen , Syndikus Calixtus Schein and Councilor Gottschalk von Stiten : The Kayserlichen Freyen and the Holy City of Lübeck Statuta and City right. Overlooked by the Newe / Corrigiret / and brought into Hochteudsch from the old sixish language. Printed in Lübeck / by Johann Balhorn / in the Jar after the birth of Christ / 1586 . It was valid until the Civil Code came into force on January 1, 1900.

The new Lübeck insolvency regulation that he had drawn up came into effect in 1620, i.e. 20 years after his death.

In addition, individual Lübeck councilors, but especially the Syndici, also acted judicially at all levels of Lübeck's jurisdiction. The archive of Lübeck kept about fifty relations both civil as well as criminal object from the period 1584 to 1599, today announced the still shed light on the decision of the Lübeck Oberhof certificate.

Church politics

Schein played an important role in the formation of the sovereign church regiment in Lübeck, which was claimed and perceived here by the council. In 1575 he represented the council at the meeting of the Ministry Tripolitanum of Lübeck, Hamburg and Lüneburg in Mölln , which at that time was Lübeck lien, and where important preliminary agreements on the concord formula were made.

From 1576, the remarriage plans of Adelheid Lüdinghusen, the widow of Mayor Anton Lüdinghusen , caused a public scandal. She wanted to marry her deceased husband's sister-daughter-son, her great-nephew , the merchant Hermann Büning, which was rejected by the Lübeck clergy because of the degree of kinship. The appeal to the Lübeck consistory , the ecclesiastical court responsible for matrimonial matters, and the obtaining of external reports were also unsuccessful. An exclusion of Adelheid Lüdinghusen as godmother at a baptism in February 1578 because of her persistence led to a failure on her part against the superintendent Andreas Pouchenius . A mixed commission of the council and the clergy ministry under the direction of Schein, which met in June 1578, obliged them to an apology reversal and to house arrest. In 1579 she fled to Rostock , where Lübeck's concerns were not shared and the wedding finally took place.

Schein used this and other conflicts about church discipline , such as that of the superintendent Pouchenius with the rector of the Katharineum Pancraz Krüger because of the school supervision , to consolidate the position of the council, its claim to total church sovereignty . In a council decree of January 3, 1582, presumably drafted by Schein and promulgated by him, the limits of their powers were set out to the superintendent and the ministry of clergy, and regular instructions for the clergy were issued. All questions of order in connection with casuals such as baptism, marriage and burial should be left to the council to decide - a clear shift in church sovereignty compared to the still valid church order of Johannes Bugenhagen from 1531. In 1588, the council declared by sham, measures of church discipline (specifically, it was about the exclusion from the Lord's Supper for Pancraz Krüger) may only be imposed after detailed consultation with the council. Through these decrees, church independence was almost completely abolished.

Fonts

Letters

  • 20 letters to King Friedrich II of Denmark from the period 1569–1579 reproduced in: Andreas Schumacher: Scholar Men Letters to the Kings in Dännemarck, from 1522 to 1663 , Volume 3, 1759, pp. 258 ff. ( Books.google .de )

literature

Web links

Commons : Calixtus Schein  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Arthur Prüfer: On the family history of the Leipzig Thomas Cantor Joh. Herm. Appearance. In: Monthly Issues for Music History. 30 (1898), pp. 141-145, here p. 143
  2. ↑ Johannes Baltzer , Friedrich Bruns: The architectural and art monuments of the Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck. Issued by the building authorities. Volume III: Church of Old Lübeck. Dom. Jakobikirche. Aegidia Church. Publishing house by Bernhard Nöhring, Lübeck 1920, pp. 414 and 428.
  3. ↑ Text of the contract II  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. see "European Peace Treaties of the Pre-Modern Age - online" of the Institute for European History Mainz with the autographs of those involved on p. 27@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.ieg-mainz.de  
  4. ↑ See in detail Robert Peters: Die Kanzleissprache Lübeck. In: Albrecht Greule, Jörg Meier, Arne Ziegler: Law firm language research: An international handbook. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 2012 ISBN 978-3-11-026188-2 , pp. 347-366, especially p. 359
  5. ^ Digitized version of the copy from Bielefeld University
  6. ↑ In addition, comprehensive Hermann Heller: A marriage story from the old days. A contribution to the moral history of the 16th century. In: Die Grenzboten 36 (1877), Part 3, pp. 94-104
  7. ^ Wolf-Dieter Hauschild : Church history of Lübeck. Christianity and the bourgeoisie in 9 centuries. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1981, ISBN 3-7950-2500-1 , p. 280
  8. ^ Edition by Emil Sehling (Ed.): The Protestant Church Regulations of the XVI. Century. Volume 5, Leipzig 1913, Doc. No. 67 and 68, pp. 369-372
  9. ↑ Wolf-Dieter Hauschild: On the relationship between the state and the church in Lübeck in the 17th century. In: ZVLGA , 50 (1970), pp. 69–92, also in Ders .: “Seek the city for the best”: nine centuries of state and church in the Hanseatic city of Lübeck. Edited by Antjekathrin Graßmann and Andreas Kurschat. Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 2011, ISBN 978-3-7950-5200-3 , pp. 169–187, here p. 171
personal data
SURNAME Shine, Calixtus
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schein, Calixt (the elder)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION City Syndicus of the Hanseatic City of Lübeck
DATE OF BIRTH 1529
PLACE OF BIRTH uncertain: Dresden
DATE OF DEATH 4th November 1600
Place of death Lübeck