Christian Morgenstern (painter)

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Christian Morgenstern
(painting by Friedrich Dürck )
View over Lake Starnberg to the Benediktenwand , oil on paper, on wood, 31.5 × 33 cm. Museum Oskar Reinhart am Stadtgarten , Winterthur

Christian Ernst Bernhard Morgenstern (born September 29, 1805 in Hamburg , † February 26, 1867 in Munich ) was a German landscape painter . Morgenstern is regarded as one of the most important representatives of early painterly realism in Germany . He acquired this reputation, together with Adolph Friedrich Vollmer , who was a year younger , in Hamburg from 1826 to 1829 while they were studying and then from 1830, together with Wasmann , Dahl and Menzel in Munich, after moving there.

family

Morgenstern was the third of six children of the Hamburg miniature painter Carl or Johann Heinrich Morgenstern (1769–1813) and the later (from 1812) Hamburg city corpsewoman Anna Maria geb. Schröder (1773–1855) born. In 1844 he married Louise von Lüneschloß (1804–1874), the foster daughter of the miniature painter Carlo Restallino . The only child of this marriage was the later landscape painter Carl Ernst Morgenstern (1847–1928), father of the poet and writer Christian Morgenstern (1871–1914). This Morgenstern family is related to the Morgenstern family of Frankfurt painters, who come from Rudolstadt / Thuringia as their common ancestor with the court painter Johann Christoph Morgenstern (1697–1767) .

Life

After the early death of his father, the young Morgenstern started an apprenticeship in the graphics workshop of the Suhr brothers . In 1818, Cornelius Suhr took him on a two-year journey through Germany as his assistant and servant, during which Suhr presented the panoramas of the workshop and on which views for further panoramas were sketched. A trip to Russia followed in 1822 . They stayed in St. Petersburg for a year , then on to Moscow and back via Reval and Riga . After his return, Morgenstern forced the separation from Suhr and in 1824, on the advice of young painter friends, became a pupil of Siegfried Bendixen (1824-1827) in Hamburg. Morgenstern completed his training at the Academy in Copenhagen (1827/28) and went on study trips through Sweden and Norway .

Through Bendixen he got to know Baron von Rumohr , a sponsor of young Hamburg artists, on whose estate in Holstein he spent several summers. On Rumohr's advice, he went to Munich in 1830 and gained great recognition there. Morgenstern made regular study trips to the area; He spent the summer of 1836 and the following summer in Alsace as the guest of an art-loving patron.

In autumn 1839 he returned to Hamburg. In 1840 he became a member of the Hamburg Artists' Association from 1832 and stayed in Hamburg until the spring of that year. In 1841 a trip with the landscape painter Eduard Schleich followed via Innsbruck and Bozen to Venice and Trieste ; 1843 and 1849 travels to the rear of the Zillertal . A stay on Heligoland followed in the summer of 1850 . From 1853, Morgenstern spent most of the summers in Dachau , later, from 1860, often with family and friends at the Chiemsee and Starnberger See . In 1860 Morgenstern was appointed Knight of the Order of Merit of St. Michael .

tomb

Grave of Morgenstern in the old southern cemetery in Munich location

The tomb of Christian Morgenstern is on the old southern cemetery in Munich (burial ground 16 - Series 1 - # 5) Location .

meaning

When Carl Rottmann returned from Greece in 1835 , a close, lifelong friendship developed. Both artists influenced each other. Anton Teichlein commented on this in his eulogy in 1867:

"Christian Morgenstern was one of the few artists in his field who - strong enough in independent, peculiar talent - did not have to shy away from the most intimate contact with Rottmann's genius, one of the few who knew how to learn from him without falling into imitation."

Sixty years later, Paul F. Schmidt judged Rottmann's influence completely differently:

“But as important as Morgenstern was around 1830 for the German development towards independent pre-impressionism [with] very painterly perceived sketches, in which the observation of the effect of the air already plays an almost as important role as 30 years later for the French impressionists, [see above] an artistic decline due to the influence of the late romantic style of K. Rottmann and the Düsseldorfer ( A. Aschenbach was in Munich in 1835 ). [...] The tendency of the time to theatrics and exaggeration gave his art a fatal stab in the pathetic, [typical for] representatives of the untrue late romanticism. "

Helmut R. Leppien praises Morgenstern's fresh, precise look, especially in his early studies of nature, "the small, inconspicuous pictures" (in contrast to the "atmospheric landscapes" valued by buyers): the reproduction of the "transformation of the local color through the change of light [ and ...] the light reflexes ”, the capture of the“ liveliness of the play of light ”, which Morgenstern gives duration in his pictures.

Works (selection)

  • Book - Frederiksdal near Copenhagen , 1828, Hamburger Kunsthalle
  • Waterfall in Upper Bavaria , 1830, Hamburger Kunsthalle
  • Trees by the water (Bavarian landscape?), 1832, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum
  • Landscape in the evening , 1848, private collection
  • Homestead under trees (Dachau-Etzenhausen) , around 1855, Bayerische Staatsgemäldesammlungen
  • Village near Dachau , 1859, Hamburger Kunsthalle
  • East coast of Helgoland , 1863, Munich: Schack-Galerie
  • Moonrise on the Elbe , 1864 ?, whereabouts unknown

Selection of works, sorted by time

  • 1828: Book in Frederiksdal near Copenhagen

  • 1830: Waterfall in Upper Bavaria

  • 1833: forest landscape

  • 1848: Landscape at dusk

  • around 1855: Homestead in Etzenhausen near Dachau

  • 1863: East coast of Heligoland

Exhibitions (selection)

literature

  • Andreas Andresen : The German painter-Radirer (Peintres-Engraveurs) of the nineteenth century according to their lives and works. Volume 2, Weigel, Leipzig 1872, pp 221-249 ( digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  • Morgenstern Christian Ernst Bernhard. In: E. Bénézit: Dictionnaire critique et documentaire des Paintres Sculpteurs Dessinateurs et Graveurs. Volume 9, Gründ, Paris 1999.
  • Rudolf M. Bisanz: Morgenstern, Christian (Ernst Bernhard). In: Grove Dictionary of Art . Volume 22, 1996, pp. 112-113.
  • Walter H. Dammann: Panorama and table landscape - beginnings and early days of landscape painting in Hamburg up to 1830. Printed by Lütcke & Wulff (Distribution Commetersche Kunsthandlung), Hamburg 1910, 89 p. U. 12 black and white Fig.
  • John Denison Champlin, Charles C. (Charles Callahan) Perkins: Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard . In: Cyclopedia of painters and paintings . tape 3 : Laar – Quost . Carl Scribner's sons, New York 1913, p. 295 (English, Textarchiv - Internet Archive ).
  • A. Holck: Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard . In: Christian Blangstrup (Ed.): Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon . 2nd Edition. tape 17 : Mielck – Nordland . JH Schultz Forlag, Copenhagen 1924, p. 293 (Danish, runeberg.org ).
  • Hyacinth Holland :  Morgenstern, Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 52, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 474-478.
  • Choung-Hi Lee-Kuhn:  Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 103 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Helmut R. Leppien: Light, color and moving life. In: In the light of Caspar David Friedrichs - Early open-air painting in Denmark and Northern Germany. / Baltic Light / Lumière du Nord. Catalog for the 1999/2000 exhibition in the National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa, the Hamburger Kunsthalle and the Thorvaldsens Museum, Copenhagen.
  • Martina Mauss: Christian EB Morgenstern (1805–67). A contribution to landscape painting of the first half of the 19th century Diss. Marburg 1969.
  • Georg Kaspar Nagler: New general artist lexicon or news of the life and works of painters, sculptors, builders, engravers, etc. Volume 9, EA Fleischmann, Munich 1840, pp. 468–469 ( Text Archive - Internet Archive ).
  • Georg Nordensvan : Morgenstern, Christian . In: Theodor Westrin (Ed.): Nordisk familjebok konversationslexikon och realencyklopedi . 2nd Edition. tape 18 : Mekaniker – Mycale . Nordisk familjeboks förlag, Stockholm 1913, Sp. 1102 (Swedish, runeberg.org ).
  • Paul F. Schmidt : Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 25 : Moehring – Olivié . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1931, p. 148-149 .

Web links

Commons : Christian Ernst Bernhard Morgenstern  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

References and comments

  1. ^ Vollmer, Adolph Friedrich . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 34 : Urliens – Vzal . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1940, p. 527 .
  2. ^ A b c Paul F. Schmidt: Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard . In: Hans Vollmer (Hrsg.): General lexicon of fine artists from antiquity to the present . Founded by Ulrich Thieme and Felix Becker . tape 25 : Moehring – Olivié . EA Seemann, Leipzig 1931, p. 148-149 .
  3. ^ Hyacinth Holland :  Morgenstern, Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 52, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 474-478.
  4. ^ Andreas Andresen : The German painter-Radirer (Peintres-Engraveurs) of the nineteenth century according to their lives and works. Volume 2, p. 221 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  5. ^ A b Museum Girsch: Carl Morgenstern and the landscape painting of his time. Frankfurt a. M. 2011, p. 9.
  6. ^ Morgenstern, Johann Heinrich. (1769-1813) DNB 137566166
  7. ^ Choung-Hi Lee-Kuhn:  Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 18, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1997, ISBN 3-428-00199-0 , p. 103 f. ( Digitized version ).
  8. ^ Journal for Low German Family Studies. 91st year, 2nd quarter 2016, misfortune, death, crime - the special tasks of Hamburg's city mortuary wife by Sabine Paap , pp. 255–273.
  9. ↑ Carl Heinrich Morgenstern came from Hamburg-Ottensen, Anna Maria Schröder was born in Hamburg-St. Michaelis baptized. The couple married there on June 30, 1799 (see previous article ZNF - Paap, p. 269).
  10. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter Radirer…. Volume 2, p. 230 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  11. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter Radirer…. Volume 2, pp. 222-223 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  12. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter Radirer…. 2, pp 227-235 ( digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  13. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter Radirer…. Volume 2, p. 228 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  14. ↑ Andreas Andresen: The German painter Radirer…. Volume 2, pp. 236-237 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de ).
  15. ^ Leppien: light, color and moving life. Hamburg 1999/2000, pp. 24-27.
personal data
SURNAME Morgenstern, Christian
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Morgenstern, Christian Ernst Bernhard (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German landscape painter
DATE OF BIRTH September 29, 1805
PLACE OF BIRTH Hamburg
DATE OF DEATH February 26, 1867
Place of death Munich