ISO 9

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ISO 9 ( English Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages ) is an international standard for the scientific bijective transliteration of (all) Cyrillic letters into Latin or back again using diacritical characters .

Current version

The current version is ISO 9: 1995.

The editions of 1995 and 1986 replace the earlier editions of 1968 and 1954 with a reversible (1: 1) bijective transliteration table from Cyrillic, regardless of the source language, into Latin, regardless of the target language. The Cyrillic-Latin correspondence in Serbo-Croatian is largely adhered to.

The table shows the characters for Abkhazian , Belarusian , Bulgarian , Macedonian , Moldavian , Mongolian , Russian , Serbian , Ukrainian and all Caucasian languages with the modifier Palochka (Ӏ).
Unicode has been around since the 1990s. The ISO has not yet specified any Unicode codes for transliterated characters, but theoretically several can be used for some. According to the transliteration rule, the Cyrillic character Ъ should be written as a kind of quotation mark ("U + 0022," U + 201D, ʺ U + 02BA, ″ U + 2033, 〞U + 301E), but only U + 02BA is a letter in Unicode , the others are punctuation marks.

ISO 9: 1995
Cyrillic Latin Unicode
А а A. a 0410 0430 0041 0061
Ӑ ӑ Ă ă 04D0 04D1 0102 0103
Ӓ ӓ Ä Ä 04D2 04D3 00C4 00E4
Ә ә A̋ a̋ 04D8 04D9 0041+030B 0061+030B
Б б B. b 0411 0431 0042 0062
В в V v 0412 0432 0056 0076
Г г G G 0413 0433 0047 0067
Ґ ґ G G 0490 0491 0047+0300 0067+0300
Ҕ ҕ G G 0494 0495 011E 011F
Ғ ғ G G 0492 0493 0120 0121
Д д D. d 0414 0434 0044 0064
Ђ ђ Đ đ 0402 0452 0110 0111
Ѓ ѓ Ǵ ǵ 0403 0453 01F4 01F5
Е е E. e 0415 0435 0045 0065
Ё ё Ë ë 0401 0451 00CB 00EB
Ӗ ӗ Ĕ ĕ 04D6 04D7 0114 0115
Є є Ê ê 0404 0454 00CA 00EA
Ҽ ҽ C̆ c̆ 04BC 04BD 0043+0306 0063+0306
Ҿ ҿ Ç̆ ç̆ 04BE 04BF 00C7+0306 00E7+0306
Ж ж Ž ž 0416 0436 017D 017E
Ӂ ӂ Z̆ z̆ 04C1 04C2 005A+0306 007A+0306
Ӝ ӝ Z̄ z̄ 04DC 04DD 005A+0304 007A+0304
Җ җ Ž̧ ž̧ 0496 0497 017D+0327 017E+0327
З з Z z 0417 0437 005A 007A
Ӟ ӟ Z̈ z̈ 04DE 04DF 005A+0308 007A+0308
Ѕ ѕ Ẑ ẑ 0405 0455 1E90 1E91
Ӡ ӡ Ź ź 04E0 04E1 0179 017A
И и I. i 0418 0438 0049 0069
Ӥ ӥ Î î 04E4 04E5 00CE 00EE
І і Ì ì 0406 0456 00CC 00EC
Ї ї Ï ï 0407 0457 00CF 00EF
Й й J j 0419 0439 004A 006A
Ј ј J̌ ǰ 0408 0458 004A+030C 01F0
К к K k 041A 043A 004B 006B
Қ қ Ķ ķ 049A 049B 0136 0137
Ҟ ҟ K̄ k̄ 049E 049F 004B+0304 006B+0304
Л л L. l 041B 043B 004C 006C
Љ љ L̂ l̂ 0409 0459 004C+0302 006C+0302
М м M. m 041C 043C 004D 006D
Н н N n 041D 043D 004E 006E
Њ њ N̂ n̂ 040A 045A 004E+0302 006E+0302
Ҥ ҥ Ṅ ṅ 04A4 04A5 1E44 1E45
Ң ң Ṇ ṇ 04A2 04A3 1E46 1E47
О о O O 041E 043E 004F 006F
Ӧ ӧ Ö ö 04E6 04E7 00D6 00F6
Ө ө O O 04E8 04E9 00D4 00F4
П п P p 041F 043F 0050 0070
Ҧ ҧ Ṕ ṕ 04A6 04A7 1E54 1E55
Р р R. r 0420 0440 0052 0072
С с S. s 0421 0441 0053 0073
Ҫ ҫ Ç ç 04AA 04AB 00C7 00E7
Т т T t 0422 0442 0054 0074
Ҭ ҭ Ţ ţ 04AC 04AD 0162 0163
Ћ ћ Ć ć 040B 045B 0106 0107
Ќ ќ Ḱ ḱ 040C 045C 1E30 1E31
У у U u 0423 0443 0055 0075
У́ у́ Ú ú 0423+0301 0443+0301 00DA 00FA
Ў ў Ŭ ŭ 040E 045E 016C 016D
Ӱ ӱ Ü ü 04F0 04F1 00DC 00FC
Ӳ ӳ Ű ű 04F2 04F3 0170 0171
Ү ү Ù ù 04AE 04AF 00D9 00F9
Ф ф F. f 0424 0444 0046 0066
Х х H H 0425 0445 0048 0068
Ҳ ҳ H H 04B2 04B3 1E28 1E29
Һ һ H H 04BA 04BB 1E24 1E25
Ц ц C. c 0426 0446 0043 0063
Ҵ ҵ C̄ c̄ 04B4 04B5 0043+0304 0063+0304
Ч ч Č č 0427 0447 010C 010D
Ӵ ӵ C̈ c̈ 04F4 04F5 0043+0308 0063+0308
Ҷ ҷ Ç ç 04CB 04CC 00C7 00E7
Џ џ D̂ d̂ 040F 045F 0044+0302 0064+0302
Ш ш Š š 0428 0448 0160 0161
Щ щ Ŝ ŝ 0429 0449 015C 015D
Ъ ъ ʺ 042A 044A 02BA
' ‵ 2035 2019
Ы ы Y y 042B 044B 0059 0079
Ӹ ӹ Ÿ ÿ 04F8 04F9 0178 00FF
Ь ь ʹ 042C 044C 02B9
Э э È è 042D 044D 00C8 00E8
Ю ю Û û 042E 044E 00DB 00FB
Я я Â â 042F 044F 00C2 00E2
Ѣ ѣ Ě ě 048C 048D 011A 011B
Ѫ ѫ Ǎ ǎ 046A 046B 01CD 01CE
Ѳ ѳ F̀ f̀ 0472 0473 0046+0300 0066+0300
Ѵ ѵ Ỳ ỳ 0474 0475 1EF2 1EF3
Ҩ ҩ O O 04A8 04A9 00D2 00F2
Ӏ ‡ 04C0 2021

Other systems

ISO / R 9: 1954, ISO / R 9: 1968 and ISO 9: 1986
Cyrillic 1954 1968 1986
bul rus ukr evil srp
А а a a a a a a a
Б б b b b b b b b
В в v v v v v v v
Г г G G G G G G G
Ґ ґ G G G G
Д д d d d d d d d
Ђ ђ đ đ đ
Ѓ ѓ ǵ ǵ
Е е e e e e e e e
Ё ё ë ë ë ë
Є є ever ever ê
Ж ж ž ž ž ž ž ž ž
З з z z z z z z z
Ѕ ѕ dz ẑ
И и i i y i i i
І і i i i i i ī ì
Ї ї ji ï ï
Ј ј j j ǰ
Й й j j j j j j
К к k k k k k k k
Л л l l l l l l l
Љ љ lj lj l̂
М м m m m m m m m
Н н n n n n n n n
Њ њ nj nj n̂
О о O O O O O O O
П п p p p p p p p
Р р r r r r r r r
С с s s s s s s s
Т т t t t t t t t
Ћ ћ ć ć ć
Ќ ќ ḱ ḱ
У у u u u u u u u
Ў ў ŭ ŭ
Ф ф f f f f f f f
Х х H H H H H H H
Ц ц c c c c c c c
Ч ч č č č č č č č
Џ џ dž dž d̂
Ш ш š š š š š š š
Щ щ št šč šč šč ŝ
Ъ ъ ă ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ ʺ
Ы ы y y y y y
Ь ь ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ ʹ
Ѣ ѣ ě ě ě ě ě ě
Э э ė ė ė è
Ю ю ju ju ju ju ju û
Я я Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes â
Ѫ ѫ ʺ̣ ǎ
Ѳ ѳ ḟ f̀
Ѵ ѵ ẏ ỳ
ʼ ʺ ʼ

Letters that are uniformly transliterated in ISO 9 and occur in all covered languages , as well as archaic letters, are highlighted in color. Further remarks:

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g ISO / R 9 1968 allows the following deviations:
    • г → h (Ukrainian and Belarusian),
    • и → y (Ukrainian),
    • і → i (Ukrainian and Belarusian),
    • х → ch (Ukrainian and Belarusian),
    • щ → št (Bulgarian),
    • ъ → ă (Bulgarian, in the middle of the word),
    • ѫ → ȧ (Bulgarian)
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k The letters ґ, і, ѣ, ѫ, ѳ, ѵ have been abolished for some or all languages ​​as a result of orthographic reforms.
  3. ↑ If the Serbian d ago ž is that transliteration should d-ž be.
  4. ↑ a b The diariesis may only be used in the inscription if it is also in the original.
  5. ↑ The Cyrillic ё should only be transliterated as ë if the diacritical mark also appears in the Cyrillic original.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h When Cyrillic words are abbreviated as Є, Ѕ, Љ, Њ, Џ, Щ, Ю or Я, the abbreviation should be transliterated as Je , Dz , Lj , Nj , Dž , Šč (Bulgarian : Št ), Ju or Yes - and not as J , D , L , N , D , S , J or J .
  7. ↑ a b c d e f g h i In countries where tradition supports this, the following group of variations is allowed:
    • ж → zh
    • й → ĭ
    • х → kh
    • ц → ts (but then тс → ts )
    • ч → ch
    • ш → sh
    • щ → shch
    • ю → yu
    • я → ya
  8. ↑ a b If there is l or n before j in Macedonian , the transliteration should be lj or nj, respectively .
  9. ↑ a b c d e х → ch or kh is permitted in countries in which one of these variants is common, provided that permanent references are made in catalogs, registers, etc. under the form with h .
  10. ↑ х → ch instead of h is permitted in countries where this corresponds to tradition.
  11. ↑ If in Russian instead of the hardness of character in the word inside an apostrophe is, the inscription reads anyway " .
  12. ↑ a b c Only inside the word. Is not reproduced at the end of the word.

ISO / R 9

The forerunner of ISO 9 is ISO / R 9: 1968 . The standard takes into account the languages ​​Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Serbo-Croatian, Macedonian and Bulgarian, but not (Old) Church Slavonic. The non-Slavic languages ​​that use the Cyrillic alphabet are not covered by this standard.

ISO / R 9: 1968 allows for certain Cyrillic characters deviations from the normal form.

  • The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Russian (ru), Ukrainian (uk), Belarusian (be) and Bulgarian (bg). It is therefore closer to the underlying traditional scientific transliteration .
  • The second sub-standard takes into account the traditions in English-speaking countries and specifies (like GOST 7.79) an alternative system with digraphs instead of diacritical marks. The Hatschek is replaced by an h after the basic letter . This sub-standard is identical to the British standard BS 2979: 1958 and must be applied in full or not at all.
Variants of ISO / R 9: 1968
Cyrillic Language dependent normal h -digraphs
г h ( uk , be ) G
ж ž zh
и y ( uk ) i
і i ( uk , be ) ī
й j ĭ
х ch ( uk , be , ru ) H kh
ц c ts
ч č ch
ш š sh
щ št ( bg ) šč shch
ъ ă ( bg ) ʺ
ю ju yu
я Yes ya
ѫ ȧ ( bg ) ʺ̣

DIN 1460

Logo of the German Institute for Standardization DIN 1460
Area literature
title Transcription of Cyrillic alphabets of Slavic languages
Latest edition 1982-04; Part 2: 2010-03
ISO 9

DIN 1460: 1982 is the German adaptation of ISO / R 9: 1968. In addition to its languages, it also includes Russian (rs). The DIN standard does not contain the English-based digraph variant and refers to the (“Mannheimer”) Duden for transcription with German as the target language . In addition, in this standard there is only the transcription ch for the Cyrillic х and h only for Macedonian and Serbo-Croatian .

If two individual letters come together in the transcription, which together also form a digraph ( lj, nj, dž, dz, št, šč, ju, ja ), they should be separated from each other by a hyphen. If necessary, the diacritical marks (accents) can be replaced by others if there are technical restrictions; they are not taken into account in the lexical sorting, i.e. H. č = c, š = s, ž = z. Notwithstanding the table above, DIN specifies this sequence of letters: а, б, в, ґ, г, д, ђ, ѓ, е, ё, є, ж, з, ѕ, и, і, ї, ј, й, к , л, љ, м, н, њ, о, п, р, с, т, ћ, ќ, у, ў, ф, х, ц, ч, џ, ш, щ, ъ, ы, ь, ѣ , э, ю, я, ѫ, ѳ, ѵ.

For the Cyrillic alphabets of non-Slavic languages, DIN 1460: 1982 is supplemented by DIN 1460-2: 2010 , which takes over Table 8 of Appendix 5 of the library rules for alphabetical cataloging from 1983.

Scientific transliteration

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Differences between the standards and the older scientific, Slavic transliteration
Cyrillic chu * chu bul rus evil rue ukr srp mkd 1995
Ґ ґ (G) G G G
Ѓ ѓ ǵ (gj / đ?) ǵ
Ђ ђ đ [dj] đ
Є є e e ever ever ê
Ї ї i i ï ï [ji] ï
Ќ ќ ḱ (kj / ć?) ḱ
Ћ ћ (ǵ) (ǵ) ć ć
ОУ оу u u
Ў ў ŭ [w] ŭ
Х х ch (x) ch (x) ch (h) ch (x) ch (x) ch ch (x) H H H
Щ щ šč [št] št (šč) št šč šč šč ŝ
Ъ ъ ″ (Ǔ) ″ (Ǔ) ă ″ ″ * ″ * ″
Ы ы y (ū) y (ū) y y y / ŷ y
Ь ь ′ (Ǐ) ′ (Ǐ) ′ (J) ′ ′ ′ ′ ′
Ѣ ѣ ě ě ě * ě * ě * ě * ě * ě
Э э ė (è) ė (è) è
' ″ * ″ (-) ″ (-) '
Ѡ ѡ o (ô) o (ô)
Ѧ ѧ ę Yes
Ѩ ѩ ję Yes
Ѫ ѫ ǫ u ă * ǎ
Ѭ ѭ jǫ ju
Ѯ ѯ ks ks
Ѱ ѱ ps ps
Ѳ ѳ ḟ (th) [θ] ḟ (th) [θ] ḟ (f) * (f) (f) f̀
Ѵ ѵ ẏ (ü) ẏ (ü) ẏ * [i] [i] [i] ỳ
Ѥ ѥ ever ever

The deviations from ISO / R 9 in the scientific transliteration are listed in the table in round brackets, older or unusual variants in square brackets; archaic letters are marked with an asterisk (*).

Adoption in national standards

year territory Surname comment
1995 France NF ISO 9: 1995-06-01
2000 Poland PN-ISO 9: 2000
2000 Russia GOST 7.79-2000 The standard contains two systems, "System A" corresponds to the transliteration of ISO 9: 1995
2002 Czech Republic ČSN ISO 9 (010185)
2005 Slovenia SIST ISO 9: 2005
2013 GCC GSO ISO 9: 2013

expenditure

  • ISO / R 9: 1954. International system for the transliteration of Cyrillic characters. In: Unesco bulletin for libraries 10 (1956), pp. 135-137. - ISSN  0041-5243
  • ISO / R 9: 1968. International system for the transliteration of Slavic Cyrillic characters. In: Information transfer. (ISO standards handbook 1) 2nd edition. ISO, Genève 1982, ISBN 92-67-10058-0 , pp. 13-18.
  • ISO 9: 1986. Documentation - Transliteration of Slavic Cyrillic characters into Latin characters. In: Documentation and information. (ISO standards handbook 1) 3rd edition. ISO, Genève 1988, ISBN 92-67-10144-7 , pp. 353-360
  • ISO 9: 1995. Information and documentation - Transliteration of Cyrillic characters into Latin characters - Slavic and non-Slavic languages. In: Library and Documentation. Beuth, Berlin 2002 (DIN-Taschenbuch 343), pp. 230–245. - ISBN 3-410-15311-X

Web links

  1. ↑ http://www.boutique.afnor.org/NEL5DetailNormeEnLigne.aspx?&CLE_ART=FA027018
  2. ↑ https://www.din.de/en/wdc-beuth:din21:12351958
  3. ↑ http://www.technicke-normy-csn.cz/010185-csn-iso-9_4_65539.html
  4. ↑ http://ecommerce.sist.si/catalog/project.aspx?id=71645861-60ea-4c82-857f-4a028c776b40
  5. ↑ https://www.gso.org.sa/store/bsmd/standards/GSO:642823/GSO%20ISO%209:2013?lang=en#