Salamanka's friends

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Three friends at the Heurigen
Lachner , Schubert, Bauernfeld

The Friends of Salamanka D. 326 is a Singspiel in two acts from 1815 by Franz Schubert to a libretto by Johann Mayrhofer .

Emergence

The "Komische Singspiel in 2. Acten" was created between November 18 and December 31, 1815, as can be seen from the additional title and the dates on the individual sheet music. It is very likely that Schubert carried out some revisions as early as the beginning of 1816 . The autograph of the music manuscript is divided into three volumes, each containing the overture, Act I and Act II, and is available in a total of 420 pages, but the original dialogues have been lost. The work marks the beginning of Schubert's creative collaboration with the poet, who, with forty-seven texts after Goethe and Müller , was to become the composer's most important librettist.

reception

The piece was not performed during Schubert's lifetime. It was not until December 19, 1875, that four movements from the opera were performed in the Wiener Musikvereinssaal in a concert under Johann Franz von Herbeck . In 1897, Robert Hirschfeld used two numbers from “Friends of Salamanka” in his adaptation of Schubert's musical play “ The four year old post ”.

The world premiere, in other words the first complete performance, took place almost 100 years after Schubert's death on May 6, 1928 in the Stadttheater Halle / Saale in a new version. Some parts of the spoken dialogue were already lost at that time, so the Halle author Günther Ziegler wrote a replacement text. A second text book was prepared by the musicologist and opera translator Siegfried Anheisser for a radio broadcast on the West German Radio in Cologne on November 18, 1928 . The translator Hugo Engelbert Schwarz and Bernhard Paumgartner developed a further revision of the libretto for the recording of the opera by Radio Wien on June 16, 1958.

Libretto and orchestration

people

action

The stage play begins after an overture . The story is broken down into the following eighteen vocal numbers, supported by a mixed choir and orchestra . The venue is the Spanish city ​​of Salamanca at the beginning of the 19th century .

first act

Overture - Allegro vivace ( C major )
2 flutes , 2 oboes , 2 clarinets , 2 bassoons , 2 horns , 2 trumpets , 2 timpani , strings
1. Introduction - Alonso (T), Diego (T), Fidelio (Bn): The sun moves in golden rays ...
Moderato ( F major ) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
The three friends Alonso, Diego and Fidelio introduce themselves as cheerful, hilarious Hallodris .
Alonso has fallen in love with Countess Olivia, who seems unreachable to him.
Fidelio, on the other hand, has been raving about Eusebia, a maid of the countess, for a long time.
2nd aria - Fidelio (Bn): You are so happy and so free ...
Andantino quasi Allegretto ( G major ) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Fidelio is a little wistful and thinks longingly of home and maybe also of Eusebia.
3rd Quartet - Tormes (T), Alonso (T), Diego (T), Fidelio (Bn): Tomorrow, when the rooster calls ...
Allegro (C major) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Enter Count Tormes. He tells of his intention to win Olivia's hand and invites the three friends to go on a carriage ride.
Fidelio is still melancholy. He cannot make up his mind to follow the others and spoils their desire to go out.
4th aria - Olivia (S): lonely I creep through the room ...
Adagio con moto (C major) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, strings
Change of scene in Olivia's room: She is also in a bad mood and doesn't know what's wrong with her. Unlike Fidelio, she seems to have wanderlust.
5th trio - Olivia (S) Eusebia (S), Laura (Ms): Courage to face life and fresh coolness blows from the familiar forest ...
Andantino ( B flat major ) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
A walk in the woods should bring her courage back to life. But Eusebia is worried and Laura also warns of the consequences.
Because it's dangerous in the dark forest. There are robbers there. Olivia ignores the warnings and sets off.
6th trio - Alonso (T), Diego (T), Fidelio (Bn): Friend, how will it end ...
Allegro molto moderato ( G minor ) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, strings
Change of scene, outdoors. The three friends found out about Olivia's walk through Eusebia.
Fidelio forges a plan to introduce Alonso to the Countess before Count Tormes arrives at the castle
You decide to scare Olivia. Fidelio wants to work things out and explains his plan to the others.
7. Finale , first act: the evening descends gently ...
Eusebia (S), Olivia (S), Alonso (T), Diego (T), Fidelio (Bn), Alkada (Bs), choir ( SATB )
Larghetto (F major) / Allegro / Piu moto - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings
Change of scene, in the forest. Olivia is completely carefree and enjoys the gentle evening atmosphere. Suddenly Diego jumps out from behind a bush.
Holla! desired prey! he roars. Olivia, who thinks he is a robber, calls for help and soon Alonso and Fidelio appear.
Diego leaves quickly, Alonso and Fidelio play the hero role and Olivia, pale and scared, thanks her rescuers.
Alonso falls in love with her beautiful eyes. You shouldn't thank them, they would have only practiced knighthood.
Now people come in chorus, the alkali is also among them. You have heard Olivia's cries for help and are puzzling over the perpetrator.
Olivia invites Alonso and Fidelio to the castle to celebrate the rescue. Games, dancing and cheering should fill the halls.

Second act

8th Introduction - Manuel (Bs), Choir (SATB): Leave only all frivolous beings ...
Allegretto (F major) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Manuel and the choir of winemakers celebrate the grape harvest.
9th song - Guerilleros (Bs): Guerrillas move through fields and forests ...
Allegro giusto (G major) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings
Two guerrillas sit in front of an inn and demand free food for their service to the fatherland.
10. Aria - Tormes (T): Ladies like to interpret from flowers ...
Andantino (G major) - flute, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, strings
Count Tormes is on his way to the castle and stops in the village to buy a beautiful bouquet for Olivia.
11th duet - Diego (T), Xilo (Bs): A brave animal, you have to say that ...
Allegro ( E major ) - 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Diego rides a donkey to the winegrowers' festival. He no longer wants to be a robber and is accompanied by Xilo, the donkey owner.
This is a bit simple-minded and tells Diego about the beautiful Laura and Diego asks Xilo to show him the girl.
As soon as his wish has faded away, Laura appears. Xilo goes off and takes care of his donkey.
12. Duet - Laura (Ms), Diego (T): Stored under the light roof of the trees ...
Andantino (C major) - 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Diego took his guitar. This is how he quickly becomes acquainted with Laura. The affection is obviously mutual.
13. Aria - Olivia (S): Where I stay, where I go ...
Allegretto (E major) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Change of scenery, in the castle: Olivia is also in love and sings about her happiness. Everywhere she sees the picture of her savior.
14th Duet - Olivia (S), Alonso (T): From a thousand snakebites ...
Andante con moto ( D minor ) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Alonso is with Olivia. Tormented by a remorse, he confesses to the fraud with the faked robbery.
But he also declares his love for her and she is only too happy to forgive him.
15. Romance - Diego (T): The sources murmur ...
Allegretto (G major) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Change of scene, by the brook: In the evening mood, Diego dreams of love for Laura and gathers the courage to get her hand. to ask
16. Trio - Laura (Ms), Diego (T), Alkade (Bs): Niece, Don Diego there, woos for your free hand ...
Allegro (D minor) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, strings
Change of scene, the following day at Laura's uncle: Diego asks for Laura's hand. Although only in training, he introduces himself as a lawyer .
The alkali is suspicious and wants to check the possible son-in-law for his professional abilities.
The alkali leads Diego to check his official seat.
17. Aria - Laura (Ms): Sadly, the lover goes away ...
Andante moderato ( F minor ) - 2 oboes, strings
Laura is left with sorrow and worry. She fears that the beloved will fail the test and they will not find each other.
But the scene gives reason for hope and the audience can be sure that the hero will pass the test.
18. Finale, second act: Madam, I have the honor ...
Olivia (S), Eusebia (S), Laura (Ms), Alonso (T), Tormes (T), Diego (T), Fidelio (Bn), Alkalde (Bs)
Andante con moto (C major) / Allegro moderato (D minor) - 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, timpani, strings
Change of scene, back at the castle: Fidelio has also found a love in Eusebia. Count Tormes arrives.
He tries to marry Countess Olivia, but without knowing her. Fidelio, who doesn't like the show-off, receives him solemnly.
In Eusebia he thinks he sees the mistress of the house. Little does Tormes suspect that Fidelio wants to fool him with Eusebia's help.
When he proposes to the supposed countess, Fidelio sneers: Gracious Countess, what a skill, I can read confusion in your eyes.
But then the right countess appears and explains everything. Tormes goes off angry. Enter Alonso with the Alkalden, Laura and Diego.
Alonso wonders about the count's furious departure. Fidelio explains: His vanity and great striving received the long-earned reward.
After Diego has greeted the friends, Alonso and Fidelio ask where he has stayed for so long. The alkali reports on the test.
He certifies that Diego is not a bad lawyer and suggests Countess Olivia to transfer the judge's office to Diego.
Olivia agrees, because she only wants to see happy people around.
Alonso, Diego and Fidelio sing: All knots, deeply intertwined, the power of friendship has conquered.
Everyone joins in praise of friendship and love.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Sheet music manuscript on schubert-online.at
  2. ↑ a b History of origin
  3. ^ Digitized version of the composition autograph
  4. ↑ Outline of the plot ( Memento from September 18, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF, 49.7 KB)
  5. ↑ Orchestration (French)