Eberhard Henneböle

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Eberhard Henneböle, 1969

Eberhard Henneböle (born September 20, 1891 in Göttingen , † January 19, 1979 in Salzkotten ) was a German elementary school director , home nurse and home researcher .

Life

Eberhard Henneböle was born on September 20, 1891 in Göttingen , today the Warendorf district , as the son of the police sergeant Eberhard Henneböle and his wife Klara, née. Hillebrand, born. After his father moved to Geseke for professional reasons , he spent his childhood and youth there with his two brothers. Here he had to experience the early death of his father. After completing elementary school, at the age of 15, from 1906 to 1909, he attended the preparatory facility in Rüthen , which was the first stage of elementary school teacher training around 1900. He then successfully completed the three-year training in the teachers' seminar in Büren , where he passed the first teacher examination in January 1912.

In February 1912 he was substituted for a month at the one-class school in Füchtorf- Rippelbaum, Warendorf district. He then did his one-year military service with Fusilier Regiment 39 in Düsseldorf.

Summer battle diary by Eberhard Henneböle, 1916, 46 pages, 2 maps

After 16 months he had to give up the administration of a teaching position in Ahaus , Borken district, which the government in Münster had entrusted to him because he was called up for military service. During the First World War he was used in various units from August 1, 1914 to March 1, 1919. As early as August 28, 1914, he was wounded in France and, after his recovery, was assigned to the General Command in the intelligence service and counter-espionage. This activity was interrupted again in 1916 by a three-month front mission in France. He kept a very detailed diary of the Battle of the Somme in 1916.

After the war he was reinstated in Ahaus, where he successfully passed his second teacher examination on August 2, 1919. After seven years at the local elementary school, he was given a teaching position in Rüthen at his own request in 1926. At the same time there he took over the management of the commercial vocational school as well as teaching natural history and arithmetic at the rural advanced training school. From then on he lived in Rüthen with his wife Emma, ​​nee. Runner, and their ten children. After just four years, he was promoted to vice-principal at the Rüthen elementary school in 1930 . During the Second World War he kept his teaching post in Rüthen. Only in the last days of the war he was drafted into the Volkssturm .

After the Second World War he was rector of the elementary school in Rüthen from 1946 until his retirement in 1952. In retirement he intensified his research and excavations, which he had already carried out on a large scale and at a high level in addition to his school activities in his spare time and especially during the holidays. Henneböle was considered charismatic and exuded natural authority. Ulrich Grun , who has worked closely with him since the 1970s, characterized his first encounter with Henneböle as follows: "When I stepped into his study, I saw a figure sitting tightly upright with a mighty bald head at the table, half facing me and haunting eyes, like a patriarch - human veteran - he ruled the room ... ".

Grave of the Eberhard Henneböle family, 2016

Because of his special merits, Henneböle was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit in 1961 . In addition, he was made an honorary citizen of the city of Rüthen on his 80th birthday in 1971 and honored posthumously in 1999 by naming a street in Rüthen ("Henneböle-Straße"). For many years he was commissioner for monument, nature and landscape protection as well as volunteer at the State Museum for Prehistory and Early History in Münster. He was also a member of the Roman-Germanic Commission and the Ancient Commission for Westphalia .

Eberhard Henneböle died on January 19, 1979 in Salzkotten. He is buried in the cemetery in Rüthen.

The extensive and significant finds from his excavations are in the LWL Museum for Archeology Westfälisches Landesmuseum Herne , in the City Museum Lippstadt , in the Museum Haus Kupferhammer Warstein , in the central archives of the LWL Archeology in Münster and in the Rüthen City Archive.

Researches

Prehistoric Research

During his teaching activities in Ahaus, he already worked on excavations in the Ahaus district , which led to valuable results and which were published by Professors Wegner in Münster and van Deinse in Amsterdam.

Hollow stone

Hollow stone in the Lörmecketal near Kallenhardt, 2012
Hollow stone, interior, 2006

On a hike of woke Hohlestein in Kallenhardt attention Henneböles and he strove for an excavation permit. He was supported by the State Museum for Prehistory and Early History in Münster in clearing out the earth and rubble. The Paleolithic finds in the "Hollow Stone Culture Cave" are unique in Germany, so that they are even named as a special cultural stage after their place of discovery "Kallenhardt Level" or "Hollow Stone Level". This is a cultural stage between the Paleolithic and the Middle Stone Age around 12,000 BC. The excavations between 1927 and 1933 were accompanied by professors August Stieren and Julius Andreé from the University of Münster. His talent for drawing enabled him to draw the finds himself. ( Publications )

Caving

It was not least the discoveries at the Hohlen Stein that aroused Henneböle's interest in exploring caves. The Devonian mass limestone saddle, which stretches from Brilon via Kallenhardt to Warstein, shows pronounced karst phenomena and cave systems that were gradually discovered.

In 1934 he wrote about recent findings of the settlement of the Rösenbeck cave near Brilon in the Stone and Iron Ages and pointed out that this long-known cave was also an inhabited cultural cave. In the area of ​​the Lörmeckal below the Hohlen Stein, it was the course of the stream with shrinkage and small spring pots that Henneböle was involved in investigating in the following years. The underground course of the water was explored early on with water coloring. It was found that the water of the Lörmecke at Kallenhardt reappears in the springs of the Wester in Warstein.

The finds in the area of ​​the Liet caves discovered in Warstein in 1935 were spectacular. When corridors were cut here during quarry work, Henneböle received the order from the Münster State Museum to carry out investigations and he was able to secure numerous bone finds from the Ice Age fauna. In 1948, further corridors were exposed on the sides of the enlarged quarry, which led to the discovery of a cave system with calcite deposits of unique beauty. Henneböle accompanied Franz Lotze's research from Münster and published numerous articles. ( Publications )

Mesolithic settlements in the Möhne area

In addition to examining various caves, Henneböle also devoted himself to the other places where Stone Age people lived. So he could u. a. in the area of ​​the Alme and the upper Möhne, locate more than ten post-glacial living and storage areas of man through finds. ( Publications )

Bronze Age barrows

Henneböl's attention was also given to the ground monuments. In the Arnsberg and Brilon forests as well as on the Haar there were many large, mighty heaps of stones in the fields and forests, which the people noticed as stone boxes or burial sites. Henneböle identified it as a burial mound (1800 to 800 BC) based on its shape and size.

Numerous hills have been examined by him. He has identified and mapped a total of 80 Bronze Age burial mounds in the Möhne area. ( Publications )

Early historical research

Kneblinghausen Roman Camp

During his training in the preparandy department in Rüthen, Eberhard Henneböle came into contact with prehistoric and prehistoric excavations through the then director, Anton Hartmann. The seminar head teacher Hartmann had discovered the Roman camp near Kneblinghausen as part of his research . According to Henneböle's own words, this example sparked his interest. From 1934 he began his own research and excavations on behalf of the Antiquities Commission for Westphalia, which he continued after the Second World War on behalf of the Roman-Germanic Commission in Frankfurt. a. uncovered an upstream Roman pointed ditch with box wall and palisade protection as well as a so-called Klavikeltor. ( Publications )

Regional historical research

Desert Research

Excavations in the Ölinghusen / Fahlenhof desert in Rüthen 1962, right. Eberhard Henneböle, sitting Paul-Werner Vahle from Kamen

Eberhard Henneböle continued the desert research started by Joseph Bender , the former Rüthener city archivist Franz Viegener and Josef Lappe in the Rüthener area on the basis of meticulous archive research and led it to an archaeologically secured localization through extensive readings during field inspections and precise drawings of accidental finds during excavation work.

In addition to the localization of the abandoned places, where again the field names provided important insights, it was also particularly the causes of deserted villages, trying to explore the Henneböle. He saw one cause in the founding of the cities of Rüthen and Kallenhardt, which caused the residents of the surrounding small towns to leave their old settlements and move to the new cities. Many places completely abandoned - some of them only live on in street names (e.g. Schneringhusen and Harderinghusen) - other villages experienced partial desertification. Newer research is partly based on other reasons for the desert fall. ( Publications )

History of the city of Rüthen and the state castle of Rüdenburg

Eberhard Henneböle also researched the history of the town of Rüthen, founded in 1200 as part of the territorial expansion efforts of the Archbishops of Cologne, and of the castle in front of it in 1217, and recorded it in several, in some cases extensive, treatises. Particularly noteworthy is his contribution to the first cartographic recording and description of the medieval fortifications of the city and the castle as well as the most important buildings, whereby he was able to build on the preparatory work of the former city archivist Franz Viegener. In addition, various historical events and the history of important buildings that were important for the city of Rüthen were reviewed. ( Publications )

History of the Hanseatic League in Rüthen

As the successor to the historians Johann Suibert Seibertz and Joseph Bender , Henneböle researched Rüthen's role in the Hanseatic League. a. also recorded their economic relations with other Hanseatic cities. Henneböle also found out that numerous Rüthen names were listed in the Lübeck new citizens' lists from 1317 to 1356. This enabled him to demonstrate and prove the importance of the city of Rüthen in the Hanseatic League of that time. ( Publications )

Course of the Landwehr in the Rüthen area

In the past, cities and also established places protected their settlement and agricultural areas with so-called land weirs . The city of Rüthen also protected itself with several land forces in the field, which, however, were leveled by agriculture over time.

Henneböle, who in his time could certainly still recognize some of the characteristics of the Landwehr in the field marks, described them in several essays. He was also able to determine that some of them also became conspicuous as hud demarcations between the individual places, for example between Haderinghusen and Schneringhusen, the foothills of which can still be seen in the forest today. Henneböle summarized all the names of the Landwehr, described their location and recorded the findings in the Rüthen area in a sketch. He discovered that some of them must have their origins in early history before the cities were founded. ( Publications )

Old trade routes in the Rüthen area

The results of his investigations in the field of old road research he has u. a. put down in two essays, where he recorded the course of old roads between Lippe and Ruhr and in the Paderborn area in three detailed maps. ( Publications )

Linguistic research

Place names and field names

Field name map of Rüthen by Eberhard Henneböle, 1949

Local and field names research as important sources for the home and regional history Eberhard Henneböle has operated for decades. His services in this area can be seen not only in the collection, archiving and cartographic recording of names in the entire Rüthen area, but also in the linguistic and settlement genetic evaluation and research. ( Publications )

Say

Eberhard Henneböle collected stories and legends from the region in discussions with the citizens of Rüthen. The hair man , who appeared in different manifestations in the field of hair and played tricks on residents and travelers, is the focus of many of these legends, which Ulrich Grun published in the book Das Haarmännchen . Eberhard Henneböle looked for the archaeological background for his research in the sagas.

Art historical research

Eberhard Henneböle has been working on a publication exploring the Westphalian Baroque for over 30 years. He has proven that Rüthen was a building center and meeting point for well-known European architects, sculptors and painters in the period from the Thirty Years War to around 1750. Some of the artists came from Switzerland, Tyrol, Bohemia and Italy. In addition to Paul Gladbach (sculptor, † 1688) and Michael Spanner (builder, † 1742), they also included Vinzenz Bartholomäus Rabaliatti (stonemason and master builder, ⚭ 1703), father of the court architect Franz Wilhelm Rabaliatti (1716–1782). ( Publications )

Biographies of well-known Rüthen personalities

Henneböle has research results not only in the area of ​​prehistory and early history as well as the Middle Ages, but also from the 17th to 19th centuries. This includes researching the résumés of important Rüthen personalities. He devoted himself in detail to the life of Pastor Anton Kopp , who organized the emigration of a group from the Sauerland and founded the city of Westphalia with them in the USA in the state of Michigan . In addition to other personalities in the history of Rüthen, Henneböle also dedicated himself to Johannes Goldstein, who came from a poor family and who became superintendent at the turn of the 17th century. a. became known through his collection of sermons. ( Publications )

Geological research

Together with his eldest son Eberhard, a geodesist , he created a geological overview map on a scale of 1: 50,000 of the upper Möhne area. In addition, he has earned himself through extensive publications on the geology of this area, in particular on the Rüthener green sandstone .

Publications (selection)

Henneböle's achievements are inextricably linked with his remarkably large number of publications, in which he repeatedly made his research results available to a wide audience in words and pictures.

Prehistoric publications

  • Hollow stone:
    • The prehistoric settlement of Hohler Stein near Kallenhardt. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 1/1930, pp. 1–2.
    • Preliminary report on the excavations in Hohlen Stein 1933. In: From the prehistoric times in Rhineland, Lippe and Westphalia (F. Coppenrath Münster) Issue 3/1933, pp. 49–54, 5 figs.
    • The excavations in the hollow stone. In: Sauerländischer Gebirgsbote , 12/1933, pp. 161–162, 2 figs.
  • Speleology:
    • The Rösenbeck Cave. In: Der Wächter von Kahlen Asten , Brilon 4/1934, p. 14.
    • Caves in the river area of ​​the upper Möhne. In: Westfalen im Bild (E. Gundlach Bielefeld, Heft 4/1936, pp. 8-10, 3 figs.)
    • News from caves in our homeland. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 7/1953, pp. 49–51, 1 ill. Cont. In 8/1953, pp. 61–62.
    • The culture cave in the Bilsteinfelsen, new inventory and informative findings. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 24/1960, pages 185–189, 3 ills.
  • Mesolithic settlements in the Möhne area:
    • New Mesolithic sites in Westphalia. In: Germania, Gazette of the Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute (Walter de Gruyter & Co. Berlin) 3/1933 pp. 185–186.
    • Mesolithic settlements near Rüthen Kneblinghausen. In: Prehistoric Journal , Issue 1/2 1934, pp. 111–129, 11 fig.
    • New Mesolithic Settlements in Westphalia. In: From prehistoric times in Rhineland, Lippe and Westphalia (Coppenrath Münster), issue 10/11 1935, pp. 160–164, 3 figs.
    • Prehistoric settlements in the upper Möhne river basin. In: Westfalen im Bild (E. Gundlach Bielefeld) 8/1935 pp. 4–5, 4 figs.
  • Bronze Age barrows:
    • Prehistoric graves in the Lippstadt district. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 5/1930, pp. 19-20.
    • Early Bronze Age barrows near Rüthen. In: From prehistoric times in Rhineland, Lippe and Westphalia (Coppenrath Münster), issue 5/6 1934, pp. 74–81 9 Fig.
  • Further publications on the prehistory:
    • From the ancient times of the human race in our homeland. In: Heimatbuch des Kr. Lippstadt , Lippstadt 1930, vol. 2, pp. 155–161, 3 figs.
    • Find overview of the prehistoric soil antiquities of the Lippstadt district. In: From prehistoric times in Rhineland, Lippe and Westphalia 1. 1933/34. Pp. 14-20.
    • The first people in our homeland. In: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary 1200–1950 , pp. 9–11, Lippstadt 1950.
    • The home space at the beginning of historical time. In: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary 1200–1950 , pp. 11–12, Lippstadt 1950.
    • The geological history of our homeland. In: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary 1200–1950 , pp. 42–46, Lippstadt 1950.
    • The prehistory and early history of the Lippstadt district. , Contributions to the local history of the Lippstadt district , issue 4, 48 pages, 28 illustrations, Lippstadt 1952.
    • The prehistory and early history of the Warsteiner area. In: Contributions to Warsteiner history , issue 2, 72 pages, 27 fig. 11 panels, 1 map, Hennecke Warstein 1963.
    • The prehistory and early history. In: Praesidium Baduliki - Belecke , (self-published by Stadt Belecke 1970) pp. 13–63, 34 Fig.

Early history publications

  • Kneblinghausen Roman Camp:
    • New investigations in Kneblinghausen. In: Germania, Anzeiger der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission of the German Archaeological Institute (Walter de Gruyter & Co Berlin) 2/1939, p. 94-103, 3 figs., 1 plate.
    • The Roman camp near Kneblinghausen. In: Der Sauerländer, Heimatka1ender 1941 (Westfalen-Verlag Dortmund) pp. 122–125, 4 figs.
    • The Kneblinghausen Roman Camp. , 4 pages, 3 illustrations, Aschendorff - Münster, 1954.
    • The Roman facilities at Kneblinghausen I – III. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 2/1958 pp. 9–11, 3 ills., 3/1958 pp. 19–20, 4/1958 pp. 28–30, 1 ill., 5/1958 pp. 36–38, 1 ill ., 6/1958 pp. 44–46, 1 ill., 8/1958 pp. 60–62, 2 ill., 10/1958 pp. 75–76, 1 ill.
  • Further publications on early history:

Regional historical publications

  • Desert Research:
    • Wüstungen near Rüthen and Kallenhardt, a contribution to the settlement history of the upper Möhneraum. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 3/1963, pp. 9-10, 1 map.
  • History of the city of Rüthen and the Rüdenburg:
    • The last centuries before the city was founded. In: Festschrift for the 750th anniversary 1200–1950 , pp. 12–13, Lippstadt 1950.
    • The Rüden fortress and the Rüdenburg. In: Zeitschrift Westfalens (Aschendorff Münster) issue 2/3 1955, pp. 109–112, 1 fig.
    • The fortifications of the Rüden and Rüdenburg mountain forts. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 13/1955, pp. 97-100.
  • History of the Hanseatic League in Rüthen:
    • Rüthen and the Hansa. Lübeck new citizens from Rüthen and the surrounding area. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 11/1969, pp. 81–87.
    • Rüthen and the Hanseatic League. In: Hanseatic city history of the Westphalian Hanseatic League. Herford 1985.
  • Course of the Landwehr in the Rüthen area:
    • The Rüthens Landwehr, a contribution to the early history of our homeland. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt , 5/1964 pp. 17–18, 1 ill., 6/1964 pp. 21–23, 1 map, 7/1964, pp. 27–28.
    • Even before the cities were founded, the Landwehr - Die Landwehr Rüthens - A Contribution to the Early History of our Homeland In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt , 45/1964, pp. 17-18 and pp. 21-23.
  • Old trade routes in the Rüthen area:
    • The Kaufmannsweg. In: Westfälischer Heimatkalender , 1961, pp. 108–112, 2 illustrations, 2 maps.

Publications on linguistic studies

  • Place names and field names:
    • The field names of Rüthen, map M 1: 25,000. , (Three-color print with an explanation of the field names on the back.), Verlag Großeschen Dortmund 1949.
    • The place names in the district of Rüthen. An attempt at interpretation. In: Heimatbuch des Kreis Lippstadt , Vol. 3, pp. 20–23 Lippstadt 1952.
    • From the old streets of our homeland. In: Westfälischer Heimatkalender , 1960, pp. 44–50, 2 illustrations, 1 map.
    • The oaks - protruding characters. Distinctive points in the landscape - From field name research in our homeland (1) In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 8/1961, pp. 29–30, 1 fig.
    • When the “Immenorgel” sounds. Linden trees in the landscape - from field name research in our homeland (2) In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 9/1961, pp. 33–34, 1 fig.
    • With scythes against gnats. When Kallenhardt and Rüthen fought for the border forest - From the field name research of our homeland (3) In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 12/1961, p. 47, continued in 13/1961, p. 51, 2 fig.
    • Ancient law and judgment. From execution sites and gallows - From field name research in our homeland (4) In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 14/1961, pp. 53–54, 1 fig.
    • Strangely defaced names. Where are the collar buttons and the landlady? - From the field name research of our homeland (5) In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 15/1961, pp. 57–58, 1 fig.

Publications on art historical studies

  • Master Stephan von Rüthen. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 8/1956, pp. 57–60, 1 fig.
  • A master of famous altars: the carver Paul Gladbach from Rüthen. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 17/1960, pp. 129–132, 1 ill.

Biographies of well-known Rüthen personalities

  • Pastor Kopp from Rüthen, founder of the city of Westphalia in Michigan USA. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 20/1956, pp. 153–154, 21/1956, pp. 163–165, 22/1956, pp. 174–175, 17/1958, pp. 135–136.
  • Professor Kaspar Becks , a great son of the mountain town of Rüthen. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 16/1958, pp. 122–124.
  • Johannes Goldstein . From beggar boy to superintendent. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 23/1961, pp. 91–92.
  • Friedrich Hilsmann , the famous Doctor van Naime. Born on December 28, 1808 in Rüthen. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt 2/1966, p. 7.

Article about Eberhard Henneböle

  • Eberhard Henneböle, Rüthen. Well-deserved homeland researcher and schoolboy will turn 65 on September 20, 1956. Small pictures from the life of someone who is always active. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt , Jg. 37/1956, No. 17, pp. 129–131, author: Joseph Hogrebe, Studienrat, Rüthen.
  • Great contribution to research. For the 70th birthday of the prehistory researcher Eberhard Henneböle. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt , Jg. 42/1961, No. 17, p. 67, author: Hans Beck, State Museum for Pre- and Early History, Münster.
  • The 100th birthday of retired Rector Eberhard Henneböle. In: Heimatblätter Lippstadt , vol. 71/1991, pp. 113–118, author: Philipp R. Hömberg , Olpe.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Exhibition honors the work of honorary citizen Henneböle - numerous guests attended the opening in the town hall . In: Reinhard Laumanns (Ed.): The Patriot (Rüthener Volksblatt) . No. 120 . Laumanns Druck (Carl Laumanns), May 27, 1991, ZDB -ID 1023664-8 .
  2. ↑ Peter Meiburg (Ed.): Geology and Mineralogy of the Warsteiner Raum Der Aufschluss, special volume 29 (Warstein), Heidelberg 1979. Retrieved on June 22, 2016.
  3. ^ Bernhard Rudnik: Roman camp in Westphalia. Issue 1: Kneblinghausen. Publications of the LWL, 2008.
  4. ↑ Ulrich Grun: The hair man. Legends from the region around Haar and Möhne. Geiger-Verlag, Horb am Neckar 2007, ISBN 978-3-86595-229-5 .
  5. ↑ Eberhard Henneböle: master builder, stone carver, picture carver and painter in Rüthen after the 30 Years War until around 1750. In: The district of Lippstadt in connection with the district home nurse (ed.): Contributions to the local history of the district of Lippstadt / issue 5. Lippstadt 1974.
personal data
SURNAME Henneböle, Eberhard
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German primary school director, home nurse and home researcher
DATE OF BIRTH September 20, 1891
PLACE OF BIRTH Goettingen
DATE OF DEATH 19th January 1979
Place of death Salzkotten