Capture of Paris (1815)
Spring campaign 1813
Lüneburg - Möckern - Halle - Großgörschen - Gersdorf - Bautzen - Reichenbach - Nettelnburg - Haynau - Luckau
Autumn campaign 1813
Großbeeren - Katzbach - Dresden - Hagelberg - Kulm - Dennewitz - Göhrde - Altenburg - Wittenberg - Wartenburg - Liebertwolkwitz - Leipzig - Torgau - Hanau - Hochheim - Danzig
Winter campaign 1814
Épinal - Colombey - Brienne - La Rothière - Champaubert - Montmirail - Château-Thierry - Vauchamps - Mormant - Montereau - Bar-sur-Aube - Soissons - Craonne - Laon - Reims - Arcis-sur-Aube - Fère-Champenoise - Saint -Dizier - Claye - Villeparisis - Paris
Summer campaign of 1815
Quatre-Bras - Ligny - Waterloo - Wavre - Paris
After the defeat of the French army in the summer campaign of 1815 , Napoleon returned to Paris , where he arrived on June 20, 1815. News about the extent of the defeat also reached the city and the pairs . The deputies asked Napoleon to resign. On June 22, 1815, Napoleon renounced the throne again in favor of his son Napoleon II. The deputies did not refuse the appointment, but did not confirm it either. Instead, a government commission consisting of Fouche (chairman), Carnot , Grenier and Quinette was set up . They called out all French to defend the city. At the same time, the army under Marshal Grouchy tried to reach Paris before the Allies.
In addition, a delegation to was Hagenau sent to the former king. Napoleon had meanwhile withdrawn to his Malmaison castle , from there he traveled to Rochefort on June 29, 1815 .
March
As early as June 27th, Blücher was able to defeat the French vanguard under Drouet d'Erlon and cross the Oise at Compiegne , just hours ahead of the French army. It was now clear to the French that the Prussians would not go to Laon , but threaten the left flank. However, only the 1st and 3rd Corps crossed the Oise, the 4th Corps went to Verberie and Pont-Sainte-Maxence to fall in the rear of the French army. The maneuver was successful, and on June 28th General Zieten came across a column with 14 cannons near Villers-Cotterêts . The French withdrew to Nanteuil , where they met the rearguard of the Bülow Corps. Many French soldiers were taken prisoner there.
Grouchy now let the army march to Meaux , where he could cross the Marne . On June 29, the army under Blücher reached the fortresses of St. Denys and Vincennes , which the French had made ready for defense again.
In the meantime, Grouchys happily reached the city of Paris via Soissons and now reinforced the defense, where 65,000 men were now ready for defense. The Provisional Government had meanwhile given Marshal Davout supreme command.
Defense of Paris
Davout divided his army into two corps. One was set up at Montmartre and on the St. Denys – Vincennes line. The second corps under Vandamme occupied Montrouge on the opposite side. Davout sent negotiators to Blücher and Wellington , but they were not interested in negotiating. Since their strength was insufficient for a breakthrough at St. Denys or a storm on Montmartre, they went down the Seine .
On June 29, a council of war took place at Gonesse . There it was decided that the British should hold the French at the lines of St. Denys, while the Prussians should cross the Seine at St. Germain to enclose the city on the left bank of the Seine. The 1st and 3rd Prussian Corps left immediately. After the 4th Corps of the British-Dutch Army had been relieved at St. Denys, it followed the Prussians via Argenteuil .
On July 1st, two Prussian hussar regiments under Lieutenant Colonel Sohr were sent to Versailles to watch the enemy. Marshal Davout had positioned four regiments and national guardsmen there under the command of Rémy-Isidore Exelmans . The Prussian units were defeated in the battle near Rocquencourt , and Sohr was taken seriously injured. On July 2nd the 3rd Corps marched to Plessi Piquet , the 1st to Meudon and the 4th Corps to Versailles as a reserve . The 1st Corps met the French at Sevres, threw them back slightly and occupied Issy. On July 3, the French tried in the battle near Issy to recapture the strategically important place, but failed. Davout then decided to hand over the city. He convened the council of war, which decided with 48 votes against 2 that the city could no longer be defended. The Chief of Staff, General Guilleminot , was sent to sign the St. Cloud surrender. The French army evacuated Paris and withdrew over the Loire according to the agreement .
On July 7th, the Allies occupied Paris, and on July 9th Louis XVIII. return to his capital.