Enkheim (Bergen-Enkheim)

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The Volkshaus in Enkheim at the terminus of the subway
The reed pond in Enkheimer Ried
The industrial area with Hessencenter

Enkheim was a village in the Hanau lordship (from 1429: Hanau county ). It has belonged to the municipality of Bergen since the 19th century , which was renamed Bergen-Enkheim in 1936 . The municipality (from 1968 town ) Bergen-Enkheim belonged to the Hanau district until 1974 , which then became part of the Main-Kinzig district . Enkheim (together with Bergen) has been part of the city of Frankfurt am Main since 1977 through incorporation .

Geographical location

Enkheim is located at the foot of a ridge north above the Main Valley, approx. 100 m above sea ​​level , about 7 km northeast of the city center of Frankfurt am Main, on the edge of and below the edge of the Wetterau to the Main Valley . Its slope, which runs in a west-east direction, is occupied by gardens and orchards . Below the Berger slope is the Enkheimer Ried , a former moor landscape and today's nature reserve . The Enkheimer Ried is located in an old arm of the Main. On the southern edge of the Enkheimer Ried nature reserve, Frankfurt a. Exceptional stocks of old oaks (" Enkheimer Alteichen ") with a trunk circumference of 3 to 4.74 meters, an age between 250 and 380 years and heights between 25 and 35 meters. There are currently 30 individual specimens, which are mainly concentrated in four locations in the approximately 23.3 hectare Enkheim forest.

history

prehistory

In the forest between Bischofsheim and Enkheim there is a larger burial field with almost 70 burial mounds from the Hallstatt period .

middle Ages

Enkheim was settled in Roman times and also in the early Middle Ages , as Frankish grave finds from the district prove.

The oldest mention of Enkheim could be found in a document from the year 806. There a "Euuicheim" is called, which researchers brought with "Auheim" (today: Hanau-Großauheim and Hanau-Klein-Auheim ) in connection. This is a copy from the 12th century, so that a transcription error in the spelling “Ennicheim” cannot be ruled out. The oldest unequivocal mention of Enkheim can be found in a deed of donation to the Arnsburg monastery from 1151, which speaks of “Berge iuxta Ennicheim”, that is, “ Mountains near Enkheim”.

Bergen and Enkheim were mentioned as a common village as early as the 13th century and were connected with each other since 1327. Both places have always been administered together. For a long time Enkheim was also part of Bergen in church. Originally, Enkheim was part of an extensive imperial estate , the Bornheimerberg office , which was given as a fief , to a large extent also to the Lords of Hanau . Various German rulers pledged the Bornheimerberg - and thus also Enkheim - as well as rights to this territory in the 14th and early 15th centuries to both the lords and counts of Hanau and the imperial city of Frankfurt . This contradicting behavior naturally led to a dispute, especially since Frankfurt saw itself “surrounded” by Hanau territory. All attempts by Frankfurt to prevent this failed. So in 1481 a settlement was finally reached. Frankfurt received three villages of the office exclusively, Hanau kept the rest. Enkheim finally came to the County of Hanau-Munzenberg.

Historical forms of names

  • Ennincheim (1151)
  • Ennicham (1219)
  • Enigheim (1256)

Modern times

View of the main street of Enkheim around 1934

Ecclesiastically the village belonged to the parish of Bergen. A church is mentioned in 1445. The middle church authority was the archdeaconate of the provost of St. Peter in Mainz , deanery Eschborn . In the middle of the 16th century, the Reformation took hold in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, initially in its Lutheran form. In a "second Reformation", the denomination of the County of Hanau-Munzenberg was changed again: From 1597 Count Philipp Ludwig II pursued a decidedly reformed church policy. He made use of Jus reformandi , his right as sovereign to determine the denomination of his subjects, and made this largely binding for the county.

From 1717 to 1719 a new parish church was built, but the name of the old patronage , "Laurentiuskirche", was adopted and the building was supplemented by a facade tower in 1741/43. It was not until 1911 that its own parish was established.

After the death of the last Hanau count, Johann Reinhard III. , In 1736 Landgrave Friedrich I of Hessen-Kassel inherited the County of Hanau-Münzenberg and thus also the Bornheimerberg and Enkheim on the basis of a contract of inheritance from 1643.

During the Napoleonic period, Enkheim was under French military administration from 1806 to 1810 and then from 1810 to 1813 it belonged to the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt , Hanau Department . Then it fell back to Hessen-Kassel, now called " Electorate of Hesse ". A fundamental administrative reform took place here in 1821: The Bornheimerberg was added to the newly formed Hanau district.

The municipality of Bergen was renamed Bergen-Enkheim in 1936.

Development data

  • 1888–1924: Eiswerk Günther , natural ice production on the Ried and sales with own horse-drawn wagons. Then until 1955 as an artificial ice plant.
  • 1914–1994: Slotosch iron foundry
  • 1928: Volkshaus is inaugurated.
  • 1957, tram line 18 now goes to Enkheim (previously only to the city limits on Kruppstrasse).
  • 1968–1972: Schule am Ried as a primary school. Subsequently until today: Additive comprehensive school with upper secondary school.
  • 1971: Hessen-Center opened.
  • 1972: Catholic church inaugurated, subsequently demolished Catholic hillside church.
  • 1972: indoor swimming pool opened.
  • 1978: Open-air swimming pool.
  • 1979: A66 exit Enkheim opened on November 20th.
  • 1992: U7 goes to Enkheim.

Population development

The population figures were determined for the villages of Bergen and Enkheim together, see article Bergen until 1821 and Bergen-Enkheim 1830 to 1994

Enkheim cemetery

  • Laurentiuskirche

  • Memorial for the dead

  • Mourning hall

  • Grave of Oskar Schubert and his wife (First Mayor after the Second World War )

  • Grave of the Fritz Schubert couple (mayor 1946–1966 and district administrator 1966–1967)

  • Grave of Rudolf and Elly Fey (Mayor 1967–1976 until it was incorporated into Frankfurt am Main)

Sons and daughters of the place

Schools until 1945

  • School on Neuer Weg Elementary school from 1838 to 1940 (Neuer Weg / corner of Florianweg old Schulweg )
  • School Triebstraße 36 Primary school from 1870 to 1900
  • School on Kirchweg Primary school from 1901/2 to 1968 (now 18th police station, Florianweg / corner Laurentiusstraße old Ochsenweg / corner Kirchweg )

literature

  • Working group Heimatmuseum Ffm-Bergen-Enkheim e. V., (Ed.), Walter Reul ( edit .): Cronick from the Bornheimerberg office started in 1796, by Johann Heinrich Usener . 1998.
  • Hans-Jürgen Becker: The court Bornheimer Berg . In: Tradition, Preservation and Design in Legal History Research, 1993, pp. 1–21.
  • Ludwig Fr. Emmel: Chronicle of a landscape on the Lower Main Bergen-Enkheim . Bergen-Enkheim, 1985.
  • Werner Henschke: Living past in Bergen-Enkheim - historical explanations . Bergen-Enkheim, 1976.
  • Karl-Heinz Heinemeyer: Bergen-Enkheim A young district with an old history . 2001.
  • Karl-Heinz Heinemeyer: History-Landscape-Personalities as reflected in the street names in Bergen-Enkheim , 1997.
  • Karl-Heinz Heinemeyer: Circular route through Bergen-Enkheim A historical reflection , 1991.
  • Gerhard Kleinfeldt u. Hans Weirich: The medieval church organization in the Upper Hessian-Nassau area = writings of the Institute for historical regional studies of Hesse and Nassau 16. 1937, ND 1984, p. 67.
  • Heinrich Reimer: Historical local dictionary for Kurhessen . Marburg 1926, p. 124.
  • Heinz Schomann u. a .: Monument topography city of Frankfurt am Main . Braunschweig 1986, pp. 488-495.
  • Fred Schwind : The "Grafschaft" Bornheimer Berg and the royal people of the Frankfurt Treasury. In: Hessisches Jahrbuch für Landesgeschichte 14 (1964), pp. 1–21.
  • Helmut Ulshöfer: Bergen-Enkheim Jewish Community 1933–1942 . Self-published, 1988.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Bergen-Enkheim at par.frankfurt.de , the former website of the city of Frankfurt am Main
  2. ^ Chronicle of Bergen-Enkheim
  3. ↑ Ulrich Fischer : Barrows in the Bergen Forest, City of Frankfurt a. M. and Main-Kinzig-Kreis. In: Find reports from Hessen 22/23 (1982/83), p. 227ff.
  4. ↑ JH slip ring: Spätmerowingische to frühkarolingische tombs in the Roman building remains from Frankfurt - Bergen-Enkheim . In: Hanauer Geschichtsverein 1844 eV (Ed.): Hanauer Geschichtsblätter 30 (1988), p. 269ff.
  5. ↑ Glöckner, Karl, Codex Laureshamensis: 3rd volume Kopialbuch, Part II: The other Franconian and Swabian Gaue lists of goods, late donations and interest lists, general register , Darmstadt 1936, p. 131; No. 3424 (Reg. 2943): "Donatio Irmi (n) radis in Rumpenheim"
    German translation: Minst, Karl Josef (translator), Lorscher Codex: German; Document book of the former prince abbey Lorsch, after d. lat. text d. Original reproduced by Lamey (1768–1770) and Glöckner (1929–1936), in Dt. transfer by Karl Josef Minst, (Volume 5): Donation documents No. 2911 - 3836, Lorsch, 1971, p. 179:
    Donation from the Irmirat in Rumpenheim under Emperor Karl and Abbot Adalung
    “In Christ's name, on March 30th in the 38th year (806) of Emperor Charles. I, Irminrat, make a gift to the holy martyr N (azarius). His body rests in the Lorsch monastery, whose head is the venerable abbot Adalung. It is my will that the gift will remain in effect forever and I assure you that I made it entirely voluntarily. I hand over in pago Moynachgowe (in Maingau), in Rumphenheim (Offenbach-Rumpenheim), in Bellingen (desert see Offenbach) and in Ewicheim (Auheim; Gr.-, Kl.-; so. Hanau / M.) Six strokes and forty serfs. Legally binding manufacturing. Happened in the Lorsch monastery at the time indicated above. "
  6. ↑ On the problem of this ascription: Peter Jüngling : Hanau-Kesselstadt. On the archeology of a parish church in Hanau = Hanauer Schriften zur Archäologie und Geschichte 1 (2004), p. 26f.
  7. ^ Heinrich Reimer: Hessisches Urkundenbuch. Section 2, document book on the history of the Lords of Hanau and the former province of Hanau. Vol. 1. 767-1300. Hirzel, Leipzig 1891 (publications from the royal Prussian state archives 48) No. 89.
  8. ↑ Max Aschkewitz: Pastor history of the Hanau district ("Hanauer Union") until 1986, Part 1 = Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse 33. Marburg 1984, p. 125.
  9. ↑ Decree to rename the municipality of Bergen
  10. ^ "History - Landscape - Personalities in the Mirror of Street Names in Bergen-Enkheim", p. 239, [A12], Karl-Heinz Heinemeyer
  11. ^ "History - Landscape - Personalities as reflected in the street names in Bergen-Enkheim", p. 234, Karl-Heinz Heinemeyer