Floorball
Floorball , since 26 September 2009 in Germany Floorball (Swedish / Norwegian: innebandy , Finnish: salibandy ), is a team sport from the family of floor ball games . It comes from hockey via Bandy , from which roller hockey and ice hockey also emerged. Floorball was jointly developed in Sweden, Finland and Switzerland in the 1970s, among others by the Swiss team leader of the EHC Kloten , Rolf "Hurti" Wiedmer. It is a game similar to indoor hockey , but it is much more similar to ice hockey, since it can also be played behind the goals. The entire playing field is surrounded by a board and the stick is equipped with a larger blade than in field or indoor hockey. The most widespread sport is floorball with tens of thousands of players currently in Sweden , Finland , the Czech Republic and Switzerland .
organization
The world floorball federation is the International Floorball Federation (IFF), which was founded on May 12, 1986 and is based in Helsinki, Finland. He is a member of the international umbrella organization Sportaccord, formerly the GAISF General Association of International Sports Federations . The World Floorball Federation IFF aims to include floorball in the Olympic program from the 2020 Summer Games.
In January 2010, floorball was also recognized as a sport by the Special Olympics (SO). SO organizes the world games for mentally and multiply disabled people. The world floorball association IFF aims to be represented in the SO program by 2013 at the latest. The world floorball association IFF also works with the international university sports association Fédération Internationale du Sport Universitaire (FISU).
Floorball playing field
In floorball, a distinction is made between large and small fields. There are always six face-off points on the field. In the middle there is a center point that is used for the allusion. Next to the playing field there are two penalty benches, a players 'secretariat and two players' benches.
Large field
The large field is enclosed by a 50 cm high, rounded band . The playing field is 40 m long and 20 m wide. It is suggested to leave a fall space of at least 50 cm free.
Small field
The small field is surrounded by a rounded band, which must have a height of 50 cm. The playing field has a length of 24 m and a width of 14 m. As with the large field, there must be a fall space of 50 cm. A maximum of 2 playing fields may be set up in one hall.
equipment
In addition to the usual sports equipment (indoor shoes, jersey, trousers, socks), the equipment of a floorball field player only includes a floorball stick. The goalkeeper wears long, padded trousers under which he wears special knee and shin guards, as well as goalie shoes, a breastplate and a padded top (often in the team colors), a groin guard and occasionally gloves. A helmet with a grille for face protection completes his equipment. This clothing may only be used for personal protection, but not to enlarge the defense area. In contrast to other types of hockey, the goalkeeper always plays without a stick. In addition, the goalkeeper acts on his knees in front of the goal in acute defensive situations, for which he wears suitable knee or shin guards with appropriate padding under his pants.
Sticks, balls, goals as well as the playing field board must be type-tested and have a corresponding vignette (approval mark) from the testing institute SP (Sveriges Provinings-och forskningsinstitut) commissioned by the IFF. In the case of floorball goalie helmets, on the other hand, the CE mark is sufficient as proof of suitability for playing floorball.
Floorball ball
The floorball ball is a training ball borrowed from the wiffle ball . See z. B. the 'Cosom Wiffle Ball', which served as the basis for the development of the floorball ball. It consists of the plastic polyethylene (PE) and has 26 holes. This so-called pinball weighs only 23 g and has an outer diameter of 72 mm. Such a ball is mainly made from two half-shells, mostly colored white. From 2004 onwards, the floorball world association used the yellowish-colored 'Precision Vanilla' ball from Exel for world championships and European cup matches, which is said to have improved aerodynamic properties due to its external surface structure with dimples and the same geometric dimensions. As a result, other manufacturers also provided their balls with different dent patterns. The International Floorball Federation (IFF) has been using the Reactor Cr8er in the color 'orange' since the 2011 Women's World Cup in Switzerland.
Floorball stick
The hockey stick is in two parts (shovel, shaft) and is made of plastic , whereas higher quality hockey sticks have a conical shaft made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic , a composite material with a matrix of epoxy resin or polyester resin , usually also reinforced with titanium or boron. In addition, the more expensive shafts have a fine carbon coating. The blade screwed on there is a wear part that is manufactured from thermoplastics in an injection molding process. An end cap and a grip tape complete the floorball stick. According to the International Floorball Federation (IFF), such a stick must not be longer than 114 cm and not heavier than 380 grams and is therefore shorter than an ice hockey stick . If a floorball stick is used in competition operations, an IFF test certificate must be stuck or printed on the shaft in order to provide evidence of the type test. It is only allowed to shorten the stick. The shaft may only be pasted over above the grip marking. The curvature of the blade can be changed. However, this must not exceed 30 mm. It can be replaced with a shovel from the same manufacturer, but must be firmly attached to the shaft and must not move.
Floorball goal
Large goals with a goalkeeper are used on large and small floorball fields. The goals have the dimensions (H × W × D) of 115 × 160 × 65 cm. These IFF-certified goals are made of welded steel tube and painted red. They are equipped with a goal net and a drip net. The goal net completely covers the entire goal except for the entrance opening and the floor. The drip net hangs offset behind the goal opening and is intended to prevent the ball from re-exiting immediately if the ball hits the steel pipes behind it.
In the floorball mixed or small goal variant, however, smaller and simpler goals are used without a goalkeeper. These goals have the dimensions (H × W × D) 60 × 90 × 60 cm and only have a goal net. Small gates are either painted white or red and are usually built to be collapsible. More robust welded steel pipe constructions are still a rarity here.
Small goals with the dimensions (H × W × D) 40 × 60 × 40 cm as a welded steel pipe construction are very popular and widespread in Scandinavia in popular sports practice. H. you can find such gates in almost all sports halls. Small goals are not certified by the World Floorball Federation IFF.
variants
In the history of the development of floor hockey, over time, adapted to z. Sometimes local conditions (e.g. gym size) or player ambitions, different floorball variants developed. In Germany and Austria, three variants with a corresponding following have emerged, which have found great popularity there and from which further sub-variants can also be derived depending on the situation.
Floorball mixed
The floorball mixed or floorball small goal variant is the entry-level variant for school and club teams, whereby both girls and boys can form a mixed team. Two boys and two girls from a team are on the playing field, which measures 28 × 16 m. Other team members are on the bench and can be substituted on the fly. It is played on small goals with an opening of 90 × 60 cm without a goalkeeper, i.e. H. every player is in principle jointly responsible for covering the goal. In front of the goal there is a protective space measuring 1.90 × 0.90 m, which no player may enter. In this variant, regional as well as national tournaments are held. Until 2010, the German mixed floorball championships were held in Germany.
Floorball court
The floorball small field variant is played with large goals and properly equipped goalkeepers on the small field with the dimensions of at least 24 × 14 m. The gates have an opening of 1.60 × 1.15 m. For the goalkeeper there is a goal area with the dimensions of 3.0 × 4.5 m in which he can act freely. In front of the gate is the shelter, which no field player may enter. The face-off points on the goal extension or the center line are located one meter away from the board. It is played with three field players and one goalkeeper per team. Each team can consist of up to 20 players. The distance to the opponent including equipment (racket) for a free hit or impact must be at least two meters. In this variant, championships are held in Germany and Austria at regional and supra-regional level through a game run by the regional floorball associations. It is played here in game classes divided into men and women. In Northern Germany and Austria, separate leagues for U-13, U-15, U-17 and U-19 are already being offered in the junior division in order to train players with universal skills on the field as early as possible and thus develop their playing skills.
In Switzerland, the small field size is measured at 24 × 14 m. Three field players and one goalkeeper can play on the field at the same time. Small-field floorball is played in Switzerland in amateur leagues from a 1st to a 5th league. In addition, Juniors A – E also play on the small field. There is a separate cup competition for the small field, the League Cup . In addition, the first and second place finishers of the two regional first division groups enter a best-of-three playoff competition with semi-finals and finals. The winner will be chosen as the small field Swiss champion.
Floorball field
The large floorball field variant is played just like the small field variant with large goals and goalkeepers on the large field (handball field) with dimensions of 40 m × 20 m. As in ice hockey, a team with five field players and one goalkeeper plays. In the standard system, the 2-1-2, the five field players are divided into defense and attack, with a distinction between winger and center in attack. In addition to this system, there is also the 2-2-1 (two defenders, a center and a striker at the same height, as well as a top striker), the 1-2-1-1 (a libero, two outside runners, a striker and a top striker) and the 1-2-2 (point trigger with center back, defender on the side and striker).
regulate
The rules of floorball are stricter than those of ice hockey, with ice hockey being played much more physically. In floorball, only pushing shoulders against shoulders is allowed. In principle, the ball may only be played with a floor hockey stick. However, you can also play a foot pass. If a player plays the ball with his hands or his head, this leads to a direct free hit. It is also forbidden to jump in the air to receive the ball during play. When a floorball player shoots the ball, he must be careful that the blade of the floorball stick never swings higher than his waist. If the ball is well received, the shovel may only be lifted up to the knees. The stick must not be lifted higher than waist-high
Hard physical effort (gang checks, etc.) such as B. in ice hockey is prohibited in floorball, as well as pushing and lifting the stick. If such an offense is committed, it may be punished with a two-minute penalty, so that the team has to play with one outfield player for two minutes less. A five-minute penalty may also be imposed for excessively severe offenses. The game is usually continued with a free hit after a punished offense. When doing this, it must always be ensured that the team that caused the free hit keeps a distance from the ball (small field at least two meters, large field at least three meters). If an opposing player is too close to the ball when taking the free hit, a two-minute penalty follows. In the case of a free hit, make sure that it is carried out quickly, otherwise the free hit will be awarded to the other team. In particular, hitting and throwing a stick is prohibited. Both the field players and the goalkeeper may be replaced at any time during the game in an unlimited number and frequency. Since the 2004 World Cup, goalkeepers have been prohibited from picking up a teammate's back pass with their hands. The curvature of the stick blade must not be more than three centimeters, so that the ball cannot be picked up and carried around too easily.
Floorball International
The floorball federations of Switzerland, Sweden and Finland founded the floorball world federation in 1986 in Huskvarna , Sweden .
European championships
The European floorball championship was held for men in 1994 and 1995 and for women in 1995, before being replaced by the floorball world championship . While Sweden won the men's tournament in 1994 and the women's tournament, Finland won the men's tournament in 1995.
A new edition of the European Championships is planned from 2023.
World championships
The floorball world championship is held for both men and women, with these two world championships alternating annually. The first staging of the floorball world championship took place for the men in 1996 in Sweden, the women followed suit a year later in Finland. The record winner among men is Sweden, which has won six times before Finland, with three successes. In the women’s category, Sweden has also prevailed the most with five wins. In addition, Finland was able to prevail twice and Switzerland once in this tournament.
U-19 World Championships
The Junior World Championships have been held every two years since 2001, and the Women's Junior World Championships since 2004 as the U-19 World Championship. Sweden is the record winner for both men and women with four and three successes respectively. A B world championship has been held for the juniors since 2003 and also for the juniors since 2008, which is affiliated to the subsequently established A world championships with a promotion and relegation system and therefore includes the second row of floorball nations.
European Cup
The Champions Cup is the European Cup for club teams that has been held annually for men and women since 1993. Until 2011 it was called the EuroFloorball Cup , which since then has only been the tournament of the less good European champions. Record winners are Swedish teams with IKSU Innebandy for women and AIK Innebandy , Balrog IK and Warberg IC for men.
Floorball in individual countries
Switzerland
Switzerland had 30,335 licensed players in the 2013/14 season, making this the first season with over 30,000 licensed players. In total there are around 2150 teams in Switzerland, organized in 419 clubs - making Switzerland the third largest floorball nation in the world. However, the number of clubs is declining as various clubs merged. Floorball is also the second largest team sport in Switzerland in terms of the number of licensed players. Swiss unihockey , the Swiss Unihockey Association, is responsible for organizing the official Swiss floorball championship . Before it was founded on April 20, 1985, the floorball clubs were affiliated to the Swiss Landhockey Association, Swiss Hockey , which also held the first two Swiss championships in 1983/84 and 1984/85. This championship is organized in two departments: In the National League (NL) department, the Swiss champions are chosen on the large field. In the regional league division, those on the small field. The highest league in Switzerland is called National League A (from 2007 to 2013 the league was named after the main sponsor at the time, Die Mobiliar , an insurance company) and the cup competition is called the " Swiss Cup " (from 2007 to 2013 "Swiss Mobiliar Cup"). At the amateur level, there is also a cup competition with the League Cup . Since the 2013/14 season, Die Mobiliar has only acted as a sponsor for the top scorer. Similar to the Postfinance top scorer in ice hockey. A Supercup has also been held as part of the Indoor Sports Supercup since 2015 .
The men's record champions are UHC Rot-Weiss Chur , which is now part of Chur Unihockey . However, Swiss floorball is currently dominated by SV Wiler-Ersigen , which has won all championship titles in recent years. In 2013 Alligator Malans won the Swiss championship title , in 2016 GC Unihockey won and the reigning champion is floorball Köniz . The Red Ants Rychenberg Winterthur , who separated from their parent club HC Rychenberg Winterthur in 2000, have the most championship titles among the women , but for some years the league has been dominated by the UHC Kloten-Dietlikon Jets (formerly UHC Dietlikon ) and Piranha Chur . A list of all Swiss masters in floorball can be found in the list of Swiss masters in floorball . The 2018/19 Swiss Floorball Championship is currently taking place.
Since 2018, one floorball playoff game per game day has been broadcast live by SRF two . The current contract with SRF runs until 2023.
Germany
The sport is officially called floorball in Germany and internationally . The national umbrella organization is called Floorball Verband Deutschland e. V. (formerly: German Floorball Federation ). It was founded on January 30, 1992 in Clausthal-Zellerfeld and is based in Münster (Westphalia). The direct members of the association are the regional associations. Floorball Germany itself is a member of the International Floorball Federation (IFF) and was accepted as the 99th member of the German Olympic Sports Confederation (DOSB) at the DOSB General Assembly in December 2014 .
In addition to the game operations of the associations, there are numerous floorball tournaments in all three common forms of play, mixed, small and large.
Large field tournaments in Germany have only been able to establish themselves in various federal states in recent years. Some of these events are still competing with each other, but some tournaments will establish themselves and permanently satisfy the increasing demand for such tournaments. The Floorball Festival Cologne is currently the largest international large field tournament in Germany and takes place every year shortly before the start of the season.
The screening of young talent takes place in five U-17 regional selections. They meet twice a year for the U-17 trophy, which is also used for sighting for the U-17 national team. In addition, U-15 selection teams have already been set up in some regions. The aim of these efforts is to introduce young talents to top-class sport on a broad basis and thereby expand the resources for the U-19 national teams.
In numerous schools, the mixed small goal variant is played in sports lessons on a popular sports level or in the afternoon in school working groups. Ambitious state associations use this opportunity to recruit talent and members and consequently organize school championships together with the schools, which also lead to nationwide championships. Competitions are organized in three different competition classes according to year of birth (Wk II, Wk III, WK IV). School championships with increasing numbers of participants are currently held annually in the federal states of Berlin, Bremen, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and Schleswig-Holstein. In Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt and, since 2009, Schleswig-Holstein, this is now done under the umbrella of Youth Trained for the Olympics (JtfO) . The winners and runners-up of these competitions play at the federal finals of the German School Cup organized by Floorball Germany.
Floorball instead of floorball
At its eleventh regular assembly of delegates on August 9, 1997 in Grasleben, the previously operating trade association Deutscher Unihoc Bund e. V. adopted the term Unihoc with a majority and replaced it with Unihoc, as Unihoc is the registered brand name of a manufacturer of floorball equipment. On September 26th, 2009, the German Floorball Federation (DUB) decided at its extraordinary assembly of delegates in Weißenfels to use the term floorball from now on. Thereby the terminology of the English naming was adjusted. It also avoids confusion with hockey or university sports.
Game operations in Germany
The Floorball Association Germany organizes various championships every season. The German floorball championships for men and women are held in league mode. The highest German league is the Floorball Bundesliga . 10 teams have been competing for the German championship since the 2012/2013 season. The 2nd Floorball Bundesliga is affiliated with it . Founded in the 2006/2007 season with one relay and ten teams, it has been divided into 2 seasons since the 2007/2008 season. Since then, around eight teams have been playing in the two seasons North / West and South / East. Local championship rounds are played in regional leagues under the 2nd Bundesliga . This third highest division in Germany is organized by the regional associations. In the 2017/2018 season there are eight regional leagues (East, Berlin-Brandenburg, North, Northwest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, South Season BW and South Season Bavaria). The number of teams varies from four to eight. There are only a few association leagues among them . In the north, northwest and in NRW with a relay size of four to six and in the east with two relays with six or seven teams.
As of this season, the women again have a Bundesliga in league mode with five teams from all four regions. There is also a regional league with five teams in the east and north.
On the small field there are final tournaments around the German small field championship, in which eight teams that have qualified via regional small field leagues (usually two each from the regions east, north, west and south) play the championship within one weekend . For this purpose, the eight teams are initially divided into two groups. The best four teams qualify for the semifinals. The winners of the semi-finals then play the German small field championship.
There are nine small field regional leagues : East (two seasons), Berlin-Brandenburg, North, Northwest, North Rhine-Westphalia, Hesse, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria with four to eight teams. There are also a few association leagues (East, Berlin-Brandenburg, North, North Rhine-Westphalia and Hesse) with five to nine teams. In the north there is also a regional league with six participants.
There are five small-field regional leagues for women : East, North, Northwest, West and South with five to eight teams.
The Floorball Germany Cup (formerly DUB Cup) has been held annually since 2008 . German men's teams take part in the cup competition on the large field.
In the junior area, there are annual final tournaments for women in age groups U-13, U-15, U-17, as well as U-14 and U-17.
Liechtenstein
In the Principality of Liechtenstein there is currently an association with the UHC Schaan. This was founded on June 25, 1987 and has been participating in the league in Switzerland since the 1989/90 season. The Liechtenstein Floorball Association (LUHV), represented by UHC Schaan, has been a member of the International Floorball Federation (IFF) since 2005 . The first international match of a Liechtenstein selection took place on August 20, 2005 against France and ended 3: 5. In 2006, Liechtenstein took part in the World Championship (Division C) for the first time. This took place in Bratislava , Slovakia . Liechtenstein celebrated their first international win against South Korea.
Austria
In Austria the term floorball is common, whereby floorball is also used regionally (Vorarlberg, Carinthia). The first floorball club was founded in Leoben in 1994 , and the Austrian Floorball Association (ÖFBV) was founded in 1996. The ÖFBV currently consists of 53 member associations with around 3000 members. These are organized in seven regional regional associations (Vienna, Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Salzburg, Tyrol and Vorarlberg). The ÖFBV has been a member of the international floorball association IFF since 1997 . In 1997 the first women’s world championship was sent. In 1998 the men's national team also took part in a world championship for the first time. In 2007 the U-19 male national team also took part in the World Cup for the first time, and in 2010 the U-19 female national team. In November 2005 the ÖFBV was officially recognized by the Austrian Federal Sport Organization (umbrella organization for sports in Austria). The first national championships were held in 1996 for women and men on the large field. In 1996 and 1997 the championship consisted of a tournament. A men's and women's league has existed since the 99/00 season (small field). In the early years, teams from Slovenia and Italy played in the Austrian league. A full-field Bundesliga has been played for men since the 2001/02 season and for women since 2004/05. In the women's league, Hungarian and Slovenian teams initially fought for the title. Austria-wide youth championships have been held for juniors since the 2006/07 season, and for women since the 2010/11 season as well. (both small field variant)
The small field variant has been organized regionally through the regional associations since 2004/05. The national champions then met in a federal final and determined the Austrian champions. International small field tournaments are also organized throughout Austria, such as the Rheintalcup or the Montfortcup. Since 2007 the ÖFBV has been responsible for organizing the small field state championships for men and women. The mixed variant is mainly offered in Austria at university sports institutes and is being promoted in school sports. In addition, several mixed fun tournaments are organized by various clubs. The most traditional of its kind is the Leoben Mixed Tournament, which has been held annually since 1995. The Austrian Floorball Open, an international large-field tournament, was held from 1999 to 2010. In the meantime, however, this international large-field tournament no longer exists.
Italy
Small field championships have been held in Italy since 2000/01. The women's and U-19 cup has also been awarded since the 2001/02 season, and there has also been a large field championship since 2002/03.
| year | Large field | Small field | Women's Cup | U-19 juniors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2001 | nv | UHC Varese Wild Boars | nv | nv |
| 2001/02 | nv | SSV Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | SSV Bolzano |
| 2002/03 | SSV Bolzano | SC Lions Laion | SSV Bolzano | UHC Varese Wild Boars |
| 2003/04 | SSV Bolzano | QT8 Milano | SSV Bolzano | SSV Bolzano |
| 2004/05 | SSV Bolzano | Scorpio Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | SSV Bolzano |
| 2005/06 | FBC Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | UHC Dolo | Sterzing locomotive |
| 2006/07 | Viking Roma | FBC Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | Sterzing locomotive |
| 2007/08 | FBC Bolzano | FBC Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | Fanatics Gargazon |
| 2008/09 | SSV Bolzano | FBC Bolzano | SSV Bolzano | Fanatics Gargazon |
| 2009/10 | FBC Bolzano | FBC Bolzano | Firelions Serenissima | Fanatics Gargazon |
| 2010/11 | Viking Roma | SV Sterzing | SV Sterzing | SV Sterzing |
See also
literature
- Johannes Roschinsky : Floorball . Meyer & Meyer , Aachen 2008, ISBN 978-3-89899-340-1
- Jan Kratochvil : Floorball . Meyer & Meyer , Aachen 2013, ISBN 978-3-89899-806-2
Web links
International and national associations
- International Floorball Federation (IFF)
- Floorball Germany
- Swiss Unihockey Association (swiss unihockey)
- Austrian Floorball Association (ÖFBV)
- Liechtenstein Floorball Association (LUHV)
media
- Floorballmagazin - magazine for floorball and game culture
- unihockey.ch - Swiss news portal and print magazine
- unihockey-portal.de - German news and statistics
useful information
- Floorball rules, large and small fields ( Memento from November 7, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF file; 1.93 MB)
- Floorball rules, small goal variant for schools and clubs (PDF file; 1014 kB)
- Floorball rules, short rulebook, small goal variant for schools and clubs (PDF file; 0.28 MB)
- Floorball for teenagers - A handbook for floorball coaches (PDF file; 2.60 MB)
- Goalkeepers are different (part 1 of 4) (PDF file; 4.57 MB)
- Goalkeepers are different (part 2 of 4) (PDF file; 4.46 MB)
- Goalkeepers are different (part 3 of 4) (PDF file; 3.96 MB)
- Goalkeepers are different (part 4 of 4) (PDF file; 4.06 MB)
- Floorball at nachbarsport.de (created in a project of the "Online Editor" course at Cologne University of Applied Sciences)
- Exercises and knowledge for your floorball training (floorball training - exercises and reports about floorball training)
Individual evidence
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ http://www.floorball.org/news.asp?tyyppi=vanhat&offset=40&kieli=826&id_tiedote=882&alue=171&yhteinen=
- ↑ Rules and Regulations Floorball ( Memento from October 29, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ a b c Floorball rules of the game large field / small field (SPRGK). (PDF; 2.0 MB) Archived from the original on November 7, 2012 ; Retrieved April 15, 2013 .
- ↑ Innebandy - Hooked on a feeling, Vällingby 1997, p. 16
- ↑ CR8ER orange: The advantages are in the eye of the beholder - Equipment - Floorball-Portal.de . In: Floorball-Portal.de . ( floorball-portal.de [accessed on February 8, 2017]).
- ↑ IFF Material regulations 2014, Art. 2.1.2. and 2.1.3. and Appendix 9.
- ↑ Swiss Unihockey ( Memento from April 1, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Dominic Wuillemin: Floorball is dressing up . In: The Landbote . March 3, 2018, p. 38 ( landbote.ch [accessed on March 9, 2018]).