Franz Wenzel Schwarz

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Pulsnitz St Nikolai Church choir window, Wenzel Schwarz, 1894

Franz Wenzel Schwarz (called Wenzel-Schwarz ) (born October 24, 1842 in Spittelgrund , Bohemia , † May 31, 1919 in Dresden ) was a German-Bohemian history painter , portrait painter and glass painter .

Live and act

Franz Wenzel Schwarz was born in Spittelgrund No. 3 near Grottau an der Neisse in northern Bohemia. He was the second son of field gardener Wenzel Schwarz and Anna Bernert. He was baptized in the Roman Catholic Creed in the parish church of St. Bartholomew in Grottau.

There were five brothers of the 16 children who had artistic professions. Four were active in the sculpting trade ( Franz Schwarz and Joseph Schwarz as well as Anton Schwarz and Adolf Schwarz ). He himself was a history painter, portrait painter and glass painter. The bishop of Dresden-Bautzen, her uncle Franz Bernert , financed and promoted her education and provided for a degree. He himself was originally intended to be a priest and came to his uncle when he was 9 years old. As it turned out later, however, he was more fond of the artist profession.

Wenzel Schwarz did not study until 1856 to 1867 at the Academy of Fine Arts in Dresden, among others with Julius Schnorr von Carolsfeld, and was awarded the academy's great silver medal in 1863 and 1865. Since 1869 he was a member of the cooperative of visual artists in the Künstlerhaus Vienna . In 1872/73 he studied at the art academy in Antwerp with Joseph van Lerius . Wenzel Schwarz spent a long time at the Vienna Art Academy , where he studied for a total of 7 years. He was enrolled here in the years 1867–1872 with Christian Ruben for 10 semesters for painting and from 1873 to 1875 for 4 semesters with Anselm Feuerbach for history painting . He worked in Munich, Brussels, Bruges and from 1876 in Dresden. In 1882, 1886, 1893 and 1895 he traveled to Italy , North Africa , Spain and Dalmatia .

In 1876, Wenzel Schwarz is mentioned for the first time in an artist lexicon. By the mid-1870s, Wenzel Schwarz had already created many works that were selling well despite their relative lack of awareness. He painted numerous portraits, several bishops, abbots, scholars, senior officials, manufacturers and many portraits of children and women. He was a member of the German and Dresden Art Cooperatives. By his seventieth birthday he had numerous churches in Saxony and Thuringia with paintings a. a. also fitted on the wall and glass. From around 1900 to around 1912 he mainly created genre and portrait pictures which he sold from America to Russia and in large parts of Europe.

In the period from 1912 to 1918 he devoted himself to copy orders for paintings in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden.

Works of art in churches

  • 1863, Grottau , oil painting “Maria in front of the body of Christ” or “ Pietà ”: The Church of St. Bartholomew can be regarded as the home church of the Schwarz Brothers from Spittelgrund . She also received several paintings by Wenzel Schwarz and two statues by Franz Schwarz.
  • 1868, Pirna in the Catholic parish church of St. Kunigunde, altarpiece with the title "The Empress Kunigunde renounces the crown". The signature reads "Wien, Schwarz, 1868".
  • 1878, Dresden in the Episcopal Ordinariate: "Holy Communion": oil on canvas, 350 × 210 cm, lower right sign with "Schwarz FW" It was originally created for the St. Marienstern Monastery in Panschwitz-Kukau near Kamenz.
  • 1883, Radeberg : Catholic parish church St. Laurentius , altarpiece “St. Laurentius “: It is currently stored in a cupboard in the church and is in good condition.
  • 1884, district of Meißen in the village church Großdobritz , two wall paintings "Let the little children come to me" and "Last Supper" as well as a rose window with "Christ enthroned as world savior". The church was built by the architect Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel , who also worked with the brothers Franz and Adolf Schwarz . Both wall and altar paintings have been restored and are in very good condition. On the left painting is the signature with Wenzel Schwarz 1884. The window was destroyed in 1945 under fire. The current window is designed differently.
  • Bautzen , St. Petri Cathedral :
    • 1861, portrait of Bishop Joseph Dittrich after a lithograph
    • 1877, portrait of Bishop Franz Bernert
    • 1881, “The appointment of St. Last Supper ”: This large-format painting depicting the Last Supper was bought by the collegiate pen for 10,000 marks. The picture shows Christ is gathered around a table with his disciples. It originally had its place on the north side of the chroum aisle, but was removed during restoration work in the 1950s and loaned to the St. Marienstern monastery. In 1972 the painting came back to Bautzen and was installed in 1980 above the northern double portal of the cathedral.
    • 1885, “The handing over of the keys by Peter”: The work replaced the picture painted by Giovanni Antonio Pellegrini on the high altar. In contrast to Pellegrini, in which the handing over of the keys is central, Wenzel Schwarz focuses on the Savior himself. The style of the works differs significantly. Pellegrini probably did not fit into the late 19th century. In the 1950s the works were exchanged again and Pellegrini got the place back. The work by Wenzel Schwarz, like the painting of the Last Supper, was loaned to the St. Marienstern Monastery until recently, during renewed restoration work, it was given a place in Bautzen Cathedral on the back of the main altar.
  • 1889, Mittweida , five glass paintings in the Evangelical Lutheran Church "Our Dear Women" in Mittweida: "Mary with the child, Mohrenkönig and shepherds", "Christ head and two adoring angels", "Moses, Elias and John the Baptist" and two Window with the "Four Evangelists".
  • 1890, Zittau, Church of the Visitation of the Virgin Mary , three glass paintings: In the interior there are three stained glass windows above the altar crucifix of Wenzel's brother Franz Schwarz , for which Wenzel Schwarz created the templates. It should also be mentioned that his uncle, Bishop Franz Bernert, laid the foundation stone for the church in 1883.
  • 1891, Bad Langensalza in the market church of St. Bonifacius , a glass painting "The Resurrection of Christ"
  • 1894, Pulsnitz in the Protestant town church of St. Nikolai , a glass painting “The awakening of the twelve-year-old daughter of Jairus ” (“Jairi's little daughter”). The apse window (8 m × 2 m) was donated by the landowner Georg Hempel from Ohorn out of gratitude for the unexpected recovery of his seriously ill daughter. It was set up in June 1894.
  • Reichenau (today Bogatynia - Poland), oil painting of the "Immaculate Conception Mary": In the church in Reichenau above the main altar there is his painting of the Immaculate Conception Mary. In the same church, on the tower above the main entrance of the church, there is an 18 hundredweight, life-size statue of Christ after Thorwaldsen executed by his brother Franz Schwarz .

  • Grottau, Maria in front of the body of Christ, 1863

  • Catholic parish of St. Heinrich and Kunigunde Pirna, altarpiece "Empress Kunigunde renounces the crown", 1868

  • Catholic parish church St. Laurentius Radeberg, altarpiece “St. Laurentius ”, 1883

  • Grossdobritz Church Altarpiece left, 1884

  • Grossdobritz Church Altarpiece on the right, 1884

  • Bautzen Cathedral, Last Supper, 1881

  • Bautzen Cathedral, key handover, 1885

  • Mittweida parish church altar, 5 windows with Christian themes, 1889

  • Langensalza Market Church, Resurrection of Christ, 1891

Works of art in museums

  • 1866, Städtische Galerie Dresden , "Portrait of the Court Actress Anna Langenhaun": Oil on canvas, image size: 127 × 94.5 cm, inv. 1980 / k 226. The painting came into the collection in 1911/12 as a gift from Miss Leopoldine Langenhaun (sister of the court actress). From time to time the picture was also on display. It is currently in stock.
  • City Museum of Naples in Castel Nuovo , "The entry of Garibaldi into Naples on September 7, 1860"
  • Municipal museums Zittau, two chalk drawings:
    • 1880, study of a female head
    • 1880, study for the hands of Johannes for the 2nd Supper image in Bautzen Cathedral

  • 1866, Städtische Galerie Dresden, portrait of the court actress Anna Langenhaun

  • Garibaldi's entry into Naples on September 7, 1860

painting

  • 1870, “Venetianisches Gelage”, oil on canvas, 110 × 142 cm
  • 1870, "The first lesson"
  • 1871, "Good News"
  • 1871, " Francesca de Rimini "
  • 1872, "Bridal couple with pastor in the bridal room", oil on canvas, 61 × 78 cm.
  • 1887, “Jagd des Heil. Hubertus "
  • 1888, “Emperor Hadrian acquits an accused Christian”, oil on canvas, 350 × 250 cm, handed over to Director Roth in Zwickau in Saxony in 1919
  • 1893, “Bedouins of the Sahara resting under tents, some camels in the background”, watercolor
  • 1893, "Chess players (Orientals), two players and three spectators", watercolor, handed over to Empress Friedrich in 1893 by the Saxon Art Association
  • 1891, "Friedland with Friedland Castle in Bohemia"
  • 1912, “Portrait of the eldest three children of Charles I of England” as a copy after Anton van Dyck (original in the Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister in Dresden): Signum on frame, stamp Königl. Picture gallery No. 1033.
  • "Sunny inner courtyard with cattle dealer"
  • " The Singers' War "
  • “Scene mythologie” or “Nymphs, Satyrs and Cupids” copy after Hendrik van Balen, 50 × 66 cm

  • Copy of "Portrait of the eldest three children of Charles I of England" after Anthony van Dyck (1599–1641)

  • Copy of "The Good News"

Destroyed or lost works

  • Heimatmuseum Grottau: Two cardboard pictures or drafts "The Awakening of Jairi Daughter" and "The Resurrection of Christ" for the glass windows in Pulsnitz. These were over 3 meters high and 2 meters wide. They were donated to the local museum in Grottau by the widow Schwarz in 1934. Furthermore, a draft of the oil painting "Emperor Hadrian" and "Friedland Castle". These and numerous sketches and photos of the works as well as a handprint by Wenzel Schwarz are lost or destroyed after the Second World War.
  • Stained glass window in the village church of Großdobritz . The rose window with "Christ enthroned as the world savior" was destroyed by shelling at the end of the Second World War. There is a very impressive draft of this window in the Dresden State Art Collection.

Sculptures

In addition, he worked out drafts for his brother Franz Schwarz's sculptural sculptures. These sculptures were drawn i. d. R. with "Gebrüder Schwarz":

  • 1876: Angel of Peace, tomb of the Carl Grohmann family, cemetery in Lindava (Lindau), OT von Cvikov (Zwickau in Bohemia) : Franz Schwarz made the design of Wenzel Schwarz and Robert Henze in sandstone .

  • Grohmann family grave group of sculptures

  • Angel of Peace, Brothers Schwarz

  • Angel of Peace detail

  • Signature Gebrüder Schwarz

Copy jobs

The following applications are documented:

  • Portrait of the eldest three children of Charles I of England (painter: Dyck, Anton van (1599–1641), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: March 12, 1912, September 26, 1912, January 16, 1917)
  • Bathsheba at the fountain (painter: Rubens, Peter Paul (1577–1640), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: May 17, 1912, April 28, 1914)
  • Saint Cecilia (painter: Dolci, Carlo (1616–1686), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: August 18, 1912)
  • Maria with child (painter: Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban (1617–1682), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: December 17, 1912, January 14, 1914)
  • Coastal landscape with Acis and Galatea (painter: Claude Lorrain (1600–1682), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: January 14, 1913)
  • The Sistine Madonna (painter: Raffael (1483–1520), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: April 17, 1913)
  • At the matchmaker's (painter: Vermeer, Johannes (1632–1675), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: June 6, 1913, September 28, 1917, June 18, 1918)
  • Portrait of a bearded old man in a black beret (painter: Rembrandt, Harmensz van Rijn (1606–1669), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: September 30, 1913, July 19, 1917)
  • The Hermit (painter: Koninck, Salomon (1609–1656), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: November 21, 1913)
  • Flight to Egypt (painter: Claude Lorrain (1600–1682), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: May 19, 1915)
  • Gypsy camp (painter: Philips Wouwerman, application for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: October 6, 1915)
  • Rast vd Schänke (painter: Philips Wouwerman, copy request Franz Wenzel Schwarz: November 18, 1915)
  • The Madonna della Sedia (painter: Raffael (1483–1520), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: January 4, 1916, August 29, 1916)
  • Fair in the Wirtshaus zum Halbmond Painter: Teniers, David (II) (1610–1690), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: May 16, 1916)
  • Christ with the crown of thorns (painter: Reni, Guido (1575–1642), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: October 3, 1916)
  • A viola player (Barbara Strozzi [1619–1677]) (painter: Strozzi, Bernardo (1581–1644), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: November 15, 1916)
  • Venus and Amor (painter: Reni, Guido (1575–1642), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: December 12, 1917)
  • Mary with the child, John the Baptist and Saint Catherine (painter: Palma Il Vecchio, Jacopo (1480–1528), request for copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: March 1, 1918)
  • Jacob's dream of the ladder to heaven (painter: Eeckhout, Gerbrand van den (1621–1674), request for a copy by Franz Wenzel Schwarz: May 29, 1918)

literature

Web links

Commons : Franz Wenzel Schwarz  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Franz Wenzel Schwarz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d H. Grimm: Schwarz, (Franz) Wenzel; called Wenzel-Schwarz . In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon . 2003 ( biographien.ac.at ).
  2. ↑ Digital Archive - State Archive Opava. Retrieved February 12, 2020 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h Schwarz, Wenzel. In: Friedrich von Boetticher: painter works of the 19th century. Contribution to art history. Volume 2/2, sheets 33–67: Saal – Zwengauer. Ms. v. Boetticher's Verlag, Dresden 1901, pp. 692-693 ( archive.org ).
  4. ↑ Dr. Woldemar: Yearbook of Fine Arts . Ed .: Martersteig, Max. Volume 2 . German Jahrbuch-Ges., Berlin 1903, p. 233 ( digitalesammlungen.uni-weimar.de ).
  5. ^ Dressler's Art Yearbook: a reference book for German fine and applied arts. Art Library of the State Museums in Berlin, 1907, Rostock, p. 186 ( digishelf.de )
  6. ↑ a b c Announcements from the North Bohemian Excursion Club 35 . In: Quarterly magazine for exploring North Bohemia . Leipa 1912, p. 235 .
  7. ^ Friedrich Noack: The Germanness in Rome since the end of the Middle Ages . Ed .: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt Stuttgart Berlin and Leipzig. Second volume, 1927, p. 546 .
  8. ↑ a b c d e Constantin von Wurzbach : Black, Franz W. . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 32nd part. Kaiserlich-Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, Vienna 1876, p. 291 ( digitized version ).
  9. ↑ The spiritual Germany at the end of the 19th century. Century / 1 The visual artists . Printed and published by CG Röder, Leipzig, Berlin 1898, p. 638 f .
  10. ↑ Büchner, Norbert., Zimmermann, Wolfgang .: Monastery Church of St. Heinrich, Catholic Parish Church of St. Kunigunde, Pirna . 2., revised. Aufl. Schnell + Steiner, Regensburg 2011, ISBN 978-3-7954-5988-8 , pp. 20 .
  11. ^ Communal matters - Church of St. Kunigunde Pirna, Saxon Switzerland, Eastern Ore Mountains, churches. Retrieved January 20, 2020 .
  12. ^ Catholic parish of St. Heinrich and Kunigunde Pirna. Retrieved January 28, 2020 .
  13. ↑ Catholic Church and Community Radeberg (ed.): Festschrift for the 125th anniversary of the community . Radeberg August 2008, p. 6th ff .
  14. ^ D. Georg Buchwald: New Saxon Church Gallery - The Ephorie Meissen . Published by Arwed Strauch, Leipzig 1902, p. 279 ( slub-dresden.de ).
  15. ^ Karl-Heinz Barth: Gotthilf Ludwig Möckel - Life and Work A contribution to the history of German architecture in the 2nd half of the 19th century . In: Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (Hrsg.): Dissertation . tape 3 , 1983, p. 94, 268 .
  16. ↑ a b c Annette Hörig: Glass paintings of the 19th century - Saxony . Ed .: Workplace for glass painting research of the Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, Potsdam, of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Seemann Henschel GmbH & Co. KG, Leipzig 2004, ISBN 3-361-00582-5 , p. 211 ff., 356 f., 435 f .
  17. ↑ Großdobritz Church - Niederau community. Accessed January 2, 2020 (German).
  18. ↑ Kai Wenzel, Birgit Mitzscherlich, Nicole Wohlfarth: The St. Petri Cathedral in Bautzen . Ed .: Archive Association Bautzen. 1st edition. Series of publications of the archive network no.4. Archive network city archive / state branch archive Bautzen, Bautzen 2016, ISBN 3-929091-97-6 , p. 164 ff .
  19. ^ Siegfried Seifert, Sabine Nitzschke: Saxon newspaper . Pastor of King Johann and his family - Bishop Joseph Dittrich was an important educator and popular preacher. Dresden July 21, 2001, p. 14 .
  20. ↑ SKD - Online Collection. Retrieved February 9, 2020 .
  21. ↑ St. Marien Zittau (with picture) (accessed on May 10, 2020)
  22. ↑ Falko Bornschein, Ulrich Gaßmann: Glass paintings of the 19th century - Thuringia . Ed .: Thuringian State Office for Monument Preservation and Archeology and the Laboratory for Glass Painting Research of the Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi, Potsdam, of the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences. Leipzig 2006, ISBN 3-361-00614-7 , pp. 95 f .
  23. ↑ New Saxon Church Gallery - The Dioceses of Bautzen and Kamenz . Strauch, Leipzig 1905, p. 304 ( digital.slub-dresden.de ).
  24. ↑ Ludwig Engelmann: History of Reichenau . Printed and published by Alwin Marx, Buchdruckerei und Zeitungsverlag GmbH, Reichenau, Saxony 1932, p. 698, 701 .
  25. ↑ Dr H. Sunday: Meißner Tageblatt . Meißen April 19, 2012, p. 8 ( meissnertageblatt.de [PDF]).
  26. ↑ Floribundus: Viático de Vagamundo: Naples. In: Viático de Vagamundo. June 3, 12, accessed May 22, 2020 .
  27. ↑ S. Kende <Wien> [Editor]. From well-known Viennese collections: paintings, watercolors, etc. Hand drawings of the XIX. Century, graphics and copperplate engravings, silver, tin, glass, porcelain etc., art furniture, grandfather clocks, 1 Bösendorfer baby grand piano, Persian carpets; May 24, 1933 (Catalog No. 86) (Vienna, 1933). Retrieved August 3, 2020 .
  28. ↑ Page: Catalog Art Exhibition Art Academy Dresden 1870.pdf / 33 - Wikisource. Accessed August 21, 2020 .
  29. ↑ Picture by Wenzel Schwarz (accessed on January 8, 2018)
  30. ↑ Art for everyone . 1886, p. 30 & 350 , doi : 10.11588 / DIGLIT.9417 ( uni-heidelberg.de [accessed on May 23, 2020]).
  31. ↑ Art for everyone . 1887, p. 29 & 190 , doi : 10.11588 / DIGLIT.9418 ( uni-heidelberg.de [accessed on May 23, 2020]).
  32. ↑ Rudolf Dar: Motif explanation . Ed .: Heimatmuseum Grottau. 1933.
  33. ^ Franz Wenzel Schwarz called Wenzel-Schwarz - Schloss Ahlden Art Auctions. Retrieved May 22, 2020 .
  34. ^ Return to the farm by Franz Wenzel Schwarz. Retrieved May 22, 2020 (English).
  35. ↑ Page: Catalog Art Exhibition Art Academy Dresden 1874.pdf / 32 - Wikisource. Retrieved August 23, 2020 .
  36. ^ Franz Wenzel SCHWARZ d'après van BALEN. Scène mythologique. Huile sur &. Retrieved May 22, 2020 (French).
  37. ^ Rudolf Dar: Grenzland Zeitung - The local museum in Grottau . July 25, 1936, p. 9 f .
  38. ↑ SKD - Online Collection. Retrieved February 18, 2020 .
  39. ↑ Lusatian Mountains - Lindava (accessed on January 9, 2018)
  40. ↑ Copistenbuch the Old Masters Picture Gallery 1912-1930, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen Dresden, request in May 2019
personal data
SURNAME Schwarz, Franz Wenzel
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Wenzel black
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German-Bohemian history painter, portrait painter and glass painter
DATE OF BIRTH October 24, 1842
PLACE OF BIRTH Spittelgrund , Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH May 31, 1919
Place of death Dresden