Hrádek nad Nisou
| Hrádek nad Nisou | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Basic data | |||||
| State : |
 Czech Republic
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| Region : | Liberecký kraj | ||||
| District : | Liberec | ||||
| Area : | 4854.0764 ha | ||||
| Geographic location : | 50 ° 51 ' N , 14 ° 51' E | ||||
| Height: | 255 m nm | ||||
| Residents : | 7,722 (Jan 1, 2019) | ||||
| Postal code : | 463 34 | ||||
| License plate : | L. | ||||
| structure | |||||
| Status: | city | ||||
| Districts: | 9 | ||||
| administration | |||||
| Mayor : | Josef Horinka (as of 2014) | ||||
| Address: | Horní náměstí 73 463 34 Hrádek nN |
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| Municipality number: | 564095 | ||||
| Website : | www.hradek.eu | ||||
Hrádek nad Nisou (German Grottau ) is a town in Liberecký kraj in the Czech Republic . It lies in the triangle of Germany , Poland and the Czech Republic .
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in northern Bohemia on the right bank of the Lusatian Neisse , near the border with Saxony (urban area of Zittau in the west) and the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia (urban area of Bogatynia in the north). Grafenstein Castle is located east of the city .
City structure
The town of Hrádek nad Nisou consists of the districts Dolní Sedlo ( Spittelgrund ), Dolní Suchá ( Nieder Berzdorf ), Donín ( Dönis ), Horní Sedlo ( pass ), Hrádek nad Nisou ( Grottau ), Loučná ( Görsdorf ), Oldřichov na Hranicích ( Böhmisch Ullersdorf ), Uhelná ( Kohlige ) and Václavice ( Wetzwalde ). Basic settlement units are Dolní Sedlo, Dolní Suchá, Donín, Horní Sedlo, Horní Suchá ( Ober Berzdorf ), Hrádek nad Nisou-střed, Mansfeldova rokle, Nadtretí, Nová Loučná ( Neugörsdorf ), Oldřichov na Hranicím Sedlo, Ovčí kopec, Podním Sedóm tretí, Stará Loučná ( Altgörsdorf ), U celnice, U hranic, U Kristýny, U Nisy, Uhelná, Václavice-dolní část ( Niederwetzwalde ), Václavice-horní část ( Oberwetzwalde ), Za střelnicí ( Hahnberg Höhe ) , Zlatá výšina and Žitavská.
The municipality is divided into the cadastral districts of Dolní Sedlo, Dolní Suchá u Chotyně, Donín u Hrádku nad Nisou, Hrádek nad Nisou, Loučná, Oldřichov na Hranicích and Václavice u Hrádku nad Nisou.
Neighboring places
| Bogatynia | ||
| Zittau |
.svg)
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Chrastava (Kratzau) |
| Jablonné v Podještědí (German fork) | Rynoltice (ring grove) | Chotyně (chains), Bílý Kostel nad Nisou (Weißkirchen an der Neisse) |
history
_02.jpg)
The area on the course of the Lusatian Neisse river had been inhabited by people since the younger Stone Age. In 968 the area around Grottau was connected to Bohemia by a treaty of the diocese of Meissen . A trade route ran through the area for centuries from Rome via Silesia to the Baltic Sea .
Hrádek nad Nisou is one of the oldest urban settlements on the Lusatian Neisse, was a Slavic rampart of the Milzener at this time and served under the West Slavic name Grod (= castle wall) as a refuge during armed conflicts . The town was popularly known as Grote and has been using today's Czech place name since 1920.
In the 13th century when the Grafenstein rule was formed, a manor was built in place of the Sorbian Fliehburg . Probably the planned scale market settlement Grod received in 1260 by Premysl Otakar II. The city charter . At the same time, Franks settled in the area . The inhabitants initially lived as colonists from agriculture, handicrafts and trade. Field crops and garden vegetables were grown on the loamy and clayey subsoil. The extensive, surrounding forest areas consisted mostly of coniferous forests with a small proportion of deciduous trees. In 1268 a church was built and the expansion of the town using natural stone from the area strengthened the structure of the residential buildings. At that time, Grottau was more important than Reichenberg . In 1424, Grod was destroyed by the Hussites , but was soon rebuilt and enlarged to the west.
In the 16th century there was an economic boom. The Germans became the strongest and richest group of the population, the Czech population lived almost exclusively in villages in poor conditions. In addition to Germans and Czechs, Sorbs also lived in Grod and the surrounding area . Until the middle of the 19th century, Grottau was a small town under the rule of Grafenstein.
In the 19th century a number of mechanical engineering and chemical factories were built, with Grottau from 1850 forming a municipality in the judicial district of Kratzau or district of Reichenberg . After the establishment of Czechoslovakia in 1920, the Czech language was introduced as the official language in state offices and replaced German.
According to the Munich Agreement , Grottau belonged from 1938 to 1945 to the district of Reichenberg , administrative district of Aussig , in the Reichsgau Sudetenland of the German Empire .
After the end of the Second World War in May 1945, most of the German-Bohemian population was expelled from Grottau . In 1982 the town hall burned down with a multitude of historical documents. In the Heimatstube Reichenberg in Augsburg, built by expellees , there are archives on the history of the city of Grottau since 1945. From 1972 the railway connection to Zittau, which had been interrupted in 1945, existed again, and in 1991 a border crossing for pedestrians and cyclists into the neighboring German town of Hartau near Zittau was opened.
Demographics
| year | Residents | Remarks |
|---|---|---|
| 1803 | 919 | in 164 houses |
| 1830 | 1,473 | in 235 houses |
| 1900 | 4.154 | German residents |
| 1930 | 4,201 | |
| 1939 | 3,722 |
Attractions
- Catholic Church of St. Bartholomew (built in 1268, rebuilt after being destroyed by the Hussites in 1466, restored in the Renaissance style in 1568)
- Dom Pokoje (built in 1900 by Lutherans )
- Grabštejn Castle , seat of the Grafenstein manor
- Kristýna recreational and sports area on the lake of the same name
- Popova skála , lookout rock
- Oberwegsteine and Rabensteine
Town twinning
Sister cities of Hrádek nad Nisou are Bogatynia in the Polish Voivodeship of Lower Silesia and Zittau in Saxony .
sons and daughters of the town
- Eduard Winter (1896–1982), Austro-German historian
literature
- Randolf Gränzer: Reichenberg - town and country in the Neißetal. A homeland book with the participation of many homeland friends; published by Heimatkreis Reichenberg eV in the Heimatstube Reichenberg , Augsburg 1974. Local history of Grottau with illustrations, representation of the city arms, pages 484 to 499.
Web links
- Website of the city of Hrádek nad Nisou
- Hrádek nad Nisou on jizerky.cz
Individual evidence
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/obec/564095/Hradek-nad-Nisou
- ↑ Český statistický úřad - The population of the Czech municipalities as of January 1, 2019 (PDF; 7.4 MiB)
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/casti-obce-obec/564095/Obec-Hradek-nad-Nisou
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/zsj-obec/564095/Obec-Hradek-nad-Nisou
- ↑ http://www.uir.cz/katastralni-uzemi-obec/564095/Obec-Hradek-nad-Nisou
- ↑ Henricus de Grat Cl. I 129; CL = Codex diplomaticus Lusatiae supertios, 965-1345
- ↑ Wolfgang Jäger: Geographisch-Historisch-Statistisches Zeitungs-Lexikon Volume 1, Nuremberg 1805, p. 844, left column .
- ↑ Yearbooks of the Bohemian Museum of Natural and Regional Studies, History, Art and Literature . Volume 2, Prague 1831, p. 196, paragraph 26).
- ↑ Johann Gottfried Sommer : The Kingdom of Bohemia . Volume 2: Bunzlauer Kreis , Prague 1834, p. 283, item 2).
- ^ Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon 6th edition, Volume 8, Leipzig and Vienna 1907, p. 432 .
- ^ A b Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to reunification in 1990. City and district of Reichenberg. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).