Fred Forbát

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Alfred (Fred) Forbat (born March 31, 1897 in Pécs , Austria-Hungary ; † May 22, 1972 in Vällingby ( Stockholm , Sweden ); also: Alfréd Forbát , Alfred Füchsl , in German and Scandinavian literature mostly: Fred Forbat ) was a Hungarian - German architect , urban planner , university professor and painter who worked in Germany, Hungary, Greece, the Soviet Union and Sweden. He is considered an important representative of the New Building .

Life

Fred Forbát was born in Pécs to Jewish parents as Alfred Füchsl ( Magyarization 1915). 1914 Abitur at the secondary school in Pécs, then he studied architecture at the Technical University in Budapest . In 1915 he was called up for military service and had to break off his studies. After a serious lung disease, she spent almost two years in a sanatorium in the Tatra Mountains. From 1916 he wrote scientific art-historical works. In 1917 he resumed studying architecture, first in Budapest, after the suppression of the Soviet republic at the Technical University of Munich . In 1920 he completed his studies in Munich with the degree of graduate engineer (Dipl.-Ing.). In 1918 he became a member of the "Hungarian Archaeological and Anthropological Society".

From 1920 to 1922 he worked intermittently in Walter Gropius ' studio and also as a lecturer at the Bauhaus in Weimar. He worked as a freelance architect. From 1923 to 1924 he took over the technical management of the construction projects of the German DEHATEGE Gesellschaft (resettlements in Turkey and Greece) on behalf of the League of Nations ' Refugee Settlement Commission . From 1925 to 1928 he was chief architect of the Berlin group AHAG-Sommerfeld . In 1926 he joined the association of progressive architects Der Ring . In 1928 he acquired German citizenship.

From 1928 to 1932 Forbát worked as a freelance architect in a shared office with Hubert Hoffmann . From 1929 to 1930 he was a member of the expert commission of the municipal housing welfare of the city of Berlin. From 1930 to 1931 he taught town planning and housing at the Ittenschule and was also a permanent employee of the construction magazine "Housing Industry" of the General German Trade Union Federation .

From 1932 to 1933 he worked on invitation as an expert in urban planning in Moscow . On the return trip, surprised by the “German Reorganization”, he spent three months in Athens, where he carried out archaeological work that was published in Wilhelm Doerpfeld's work “Alt-Olympia”. From summer 1933 to 1938 he lived as a freelance architect in his hometown of Pécs. Here he learned of the loss of German citizenship and of the ban on using the professional title of architect in Germany. He resumed Hungarian citizenship. After Jews were banned from practicing their profession in Hungary in 1938, he accepted an invitation from the architect Uno Åhrén to Sweden. From 1938 to 1945 he worked for the architect Sune Lindström in the creation of the general plan for the city of Lund and Lindström's employee in the creation of the plans for the Physiological Institute of Lund University and the development of apartment buildings in the Borgmästaregården district in Lund. From April 1942 he was employed in the HSB department for urban planning.

SCC Stadium (Berlin, 1930), today Mommsenstadion (renovated, photo 2010)

Forbát's important works were the “Grünewald” restaurant in Berlin-Zehlendorf (1925), the large garage at the Botanical Garden in Berlin-Lichterfelde (1926), several tenement houses with a total of 150 apartments in the Siemensstadt housing estate (1928–1931), the stadium and that Clubhouse for the city of Berlin in Berlin-Eichkamp (1929–1930), the development plan and the apartment buildings with 1250 apartments in the large housing estate Berlin-Haselhorst (1930–1932), the riding school in Berlin-Düppel (1931), urban planning for Berlin-Zehlendorf , Berlin-Machnow, Berlin-Cladow and others, projects for a workers' bank, a hospital, various schools, etc. (1925-1932), the development plans for the new Soviet cities Karaganda (Kazakhstan) with 240,000 inhabitants, Lopatinski (Volga) with 18,000 Inhabitants and, in collaboration with Ernst May , Magnitogorsk (Ural) with 240,000 inhabitants (1932), five apartment buildings with 55 apartments, several private houses and summer villas, a hotel renovation in Pécs (1934–1938 ), General development plan for the city of Lund in collaboration with architect Sune Lindström, city plans for suburbs and urban redevelopment for the city of Lund, redevelopment plan for Kungsbacka in collaboration with architect CF Ahlberg, Gothenburg (1938–1942), general plan for the city of Skövde as well as various plans and Studies for the HSB Department of Urban Planning, proposal for new population statistics and adaptation to the needs of urban planning, published in Ekonomisk Tidskrift 1943: I (1942–1943).

Forbat worked in the Ministry of Urban Planning in Stockholm and then designed as a member of the urban planning committee “Eglers Stadsplanebyrå” u. a. the master plans for the Swedish cities of Skövde (1949), Landskrona (1951), Kullabygden (1959), Linköping (1967) and Kristinehamn . From 1950 he was head of the Institute for Spatial Planning.

In 1952 Forbát co-organized the CIAM's interim meeting in Sigtuna (Sweden) and in 1957 participated in the international building exhibitionInterbau ” in Berlin. From 1959 to 1960 he taught at the Royal Technical University of Stockholm as a professor of urban planning.

In 1951 he became a corresponding member of the German Academy for Urban Development and Regional Planning in Cologne. In 1969 he was appointed a member of the West Berlin Academy of the Arts .

Buildings, project participation (selection)

literature

  • R. Jönsson: Forbat, Fred . In: General Artist Lexicon . The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 42, Saur, Munich a. a. 2004, ISBN 3-598-22782-5 , pp. 246-249.
  • Celina Kress: Adolf Sommerfeld - Andrew Sommerfield. Building for Berlin 1910–1970 . Lukas Verlag, Berlin 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-081-8 .

Web links

Commons : Fred Forbát  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ArchINFORM. Fred Forbát . (Accessed: December 6, 2016)