Friedl Münzer

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Friedl Münzer , nee Frieda Münzer , also Friedel Münzer , (born September 4, 1892 in Vienna , Austria-Hungary ; died January 13, 1967 in Cologne , Germany ) was an Austrian actress and radio play speaker . For 40 years she was a member of the ensemble of the Cologne theater . During the Nazi era , she had to go into hiding for years.

biography

The first years in Cologne and the Nazi era

Friedl Münzer came from a family with seven children; her mother was an aunt of the violinist Fritz Kreisler . At the age of 14, she began her acting training at the Lutwak-Patonay Institute for Music and Dramatic Art in Vienna, which she completed in September 1909. One of their teachers was the castle actor Karl Baumgartner . Before completing her training, she got her first engagement at the Moravian-Ostrava City Theater in 1909/10 . There she stood next to Irene Triesch in Ibsen's Die Frau vom Meer on the stage. In 1910/11 she played at the Deutsches Theater in Teschen , where she made her debut in the play Des Meeres und der Liebe Wellen by Grillparzer in September 1910 and achieved a “brilliant success”. In 1911/12 she played at the Volkstheater in Munich , at the Hoftheater Weimar in 1913/14 and at the Schauspielhaus Bremen in 1916/17. She then made a guest appearance in Berlin at the Theater on Königgrätzer Strasse . There she saw Fritz Rémond , director of the United Cölner Stadttheater, in a one-act play by Schnitzler and in the comedy Die Lost Daughter by Ludwig Fulda .

In 1921 the Neue Wiener Tageblatt reported on its first appearance in Cologne . Münzer embodied "with the enchanting red of her hair (no wig!)" As the first actress in Cologne to play Lulu in Wedekind's Erdgeist , who with "sharp characteristics" and the "grace of her appearance" had the "applause of the pampered audience". In 1923 she was successful in Cologne with the reading evening From Goethe to Wedekind in the Cologne Dischsaal.

In 1926 Friedl Münzer was brought to the Schauspielhaus Köln by Rémond after she had initially only been able to give guest performances in Cologne due to existing contracts in Berlin. Cologne's general manager Arno Assmann later described the range of her acting work: “She began as a naive, became a youthful salon lady, later first salon lady and broadened the horizons of her possibilities into the character subject.” At a performance of Schiller's Don Karlos, he wished Guest star Heinrich George the "little redhead" in the role of Princess Eboli. From 1929 she became involved in the Association of German and Austrian Artists' Associations of All Art Genres (GEDOK) in Cologne and appeared at various events as a reciter . It was so popular in the city as early as 1930 that the “lovely artist” was hired to kick off the Cologne six-day race in the Rheinlandhalle .

In 1933, Münzer, baptized Protestant, was dismissed from the Cologne Theater because of her Jewish origins. Her last appearance was in the piece Achtung! Freshly painted by René Fauchois ; in fact, a "new color" had spread over the country, she later said. She then worked for the Jewish Cultural Association of Rhine-Ruhr as a “central actress”, although as a convert she was more of an outsider. In 1933 she stood as Manitschka in Semen Juschkewitsch's Sonkin and the main hit was on the stage of the civil society on Appellhofplatz or in the Rhineland Lodge . She also played as a guest at the Jüdischer Kulturbund Hamburg (in 1936 and 1938) and at the Jüdischer Kulturbund Berlin (June 1939). In the Jewish newspapers that appeared at the time ( Jüdische Rundschau , CV-Zeitung ), she was repeatedly mentioned as an actress whose “cheeky wit, feminine charm” and “bubbly vitality” are known. In 1938 she was excluded from the Reich Theater Chamber . She then went into hiding and survived the Nazi era. Cologne friends of hers died during these years, such as the photographer Albert Capell , who also worked as an extra at the theater. He was murdered in Auschwitz concentration camp in July 1944 .

The journalist and author Wilhelm Unger , who himself had to emigrate because of his Jewish origins, wrote in 1966: “But in 1933 she too, who had meanwhile become a Cologne institution, a piece of Cologne soul, had to leave our stage and go on a journey. 'Immerse' - what a terrible word! ”It is not known where Friedl Münzer was in hiding until 1945, as she did not speak about it publicly later. But she “doesn't remember those years with bitterness,” she said.

After 1945

After the war ended in 1945, Friedl Münzer returned to the Cologne drama ensemble : “When Wilhelm Pilgram and Garg asked me in 1945: 'Are you doing it again, Friedl?' I thought: 'What are the stupid talking about?' As if I was ever gone! As if I hadn't always been there - day after day! ”The first premieres on the program were Shakespeare's Midsummer Night 's Dream with Münzer as Titania and the Singspiel Im Weißen Rößl , in which she played the landlady Josepha alongside Paul Bürks . Since the two Cologne theater buildings had been destroyed in the war, the rehearsals took place in the Flora ; was played in the auditorium of the university .

In the following years Münzer was very active. Besides her work in Cologne, where she appeared in the fifties, among others, in plays by Strindberg , Brecht and Ostrowski occurred, she sang in other theaters such as in 1956 at the Schwetzingen Festival in The Marriage of Figaro as Marcellina, in a production directed by Herbert Maisch , with René Deltgen as Figaro and Romuald Pekny as Count. In Cologne she impressed with her portrayal of Anne Frank's mother in the play Diary of Anne Frank by Albert Hackett and Frances Goodrich , "shaped by personal experience".

Between 1950 and 1966 she was engaged by WDR for over 100 radio plays . She stood in front of the microphone with Peer Schmidt , Peter René Körner , Louise Martini , Richard Münch , Hermann Lenschau , Helmut Käutner , Alf Marholm and many other actors. In 1958 she was with Willy Millowitsch on the radio play Watt suffered us from ten thousand Daler? , Participated in a Pumuckl radio play in 1963 . She also gave acting classes, one of her students was Tana Schanzara .

In 1962 Friedl Münzer became an honorary member of the Cologne ensemble. She was awarded the GDBA's Great Medal of Honor (year unknown). She was an arbitrator of the stage cooperative for North Rhine-Westphalia , a member of the staff council of the Cologne theaters and of the board of the stage supply company for the Federal Republic. She was also made honorary president of the Bühnen-Sport-Club and expressed the wish to referee a football match. On the occasion of her 40-year membership in the Kölner Schauspiel, the series “Twelve Men and Me. I was published in the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger ” in 1966 . Friedl Münzer tells from her theater life ”, whereby the men were the twelve directors under whom she had played in Cologne; she did not reveal private matters. A description of the time after 1933 was circumvented with the short sentence “The rest is silence”.

Münzer had her last premiere in September 1966 as Lady Bracknell in Oscar Wilde's play Bunbury , a role she had wished for on her 40th anniversary. Family members from Vienna, Geneva, Paris and Peru came to this performance; of her six siblings, two sisters were still alive. She died in January 1967 at the age of 74 in a Cologne hospital. She last lived with her sister Steffi in Cologne-Bayenthal and was not married. A marriage, in their opinion, would inevitably have meant the end of their stage career.

Friedl Münzer was buried in Cologne's southern cemetery, the grave no longer exists. In her honor, a funeral service took place around a week after the funeral in the Kölner Kammerspiele, where she had been on stage a few weeks earlier. Arno Assmann, Lord Mayor Theo Burauen and her colleague Kaspar Brüninghaus gave speeches. Burauen said of her: "The combination of charm and humor, her Viennese origins and the Cologne-Rhenish addition found a unique embodiment in her." He also mentioned that Münzer had not spoken about these "years that were terrible and dangerous for her", but could become “eloquent” “when she spoke of the many who stood by her then”. Brüninghaus added: “Even the toughest professional work, which she fulfilled with exemplary diligence, could not have held her back from her social endeavors. What she did, she did with joy and great energy - if it was necessary, without sparing herself. ”The speeches were published in a booklet on handmade paper.

After her death in 1967 in the book Cologne as it writes & eats by Peter Fuchs a contribution by Friedl Münzer appeared in which she wrote about her favorite Cologne bars with the introductory words: “I love Cologne, I love our Cologne theaters, I love good things Eat."

Filmography

  • 1960: Happy Birthday (TV film; Director: Imo Moszkowicz )
  • 1960: The dreams of shell and core (TV film; director: Imo Moszkowicz)
  • 1964: Better safe than sorry (TV film; Director: Kurt Wilhelm )
  • 1965: Südsee-Affaire (TV movie; Director: Kurt Wilhelm)

Radio plays

literature

  • Elfi Pracht , Münzer, Friedl. In: Jutta Dick, Marina Sassenberg (ed.): Jewish women in the 19th and 20th centuries. Lexicon on life and work . Reinbek, Rowohlt, 1993 ISBN 3-499-16-344-6 , pp. 291-293
  • Elfi Pracht: Jewish cultural work in Cologne 1933–1941 . In: History in Cologne . No. 9 . Cologne 1991, p. 119-155 .
  • Ullrich S. Soenius and Wilhelm Unger (eds.): Kölner Personenlexikon . Greven, Cologne 2008, p. 385 .
  • Ilse Korotin (Ed.): BiografıA. Lexicon of Austrian Women. Volume 2: I-O. Böhlau, Vienna / Cologne / Weimar 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2 , p. 2335.
  • Münzer, Friedl , in: Frithjof Trapp , Bärbel Schrader, Dieter Wenk, Ingrid Maaß: Handbook of the German-speaking Exile Theater 1933 - 1945. Volume 2. Biographical Lexicon of Theater Artists . Munich, Saur, 1999, ISBN 3-598-11375-7 , pp. 687f.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Remembrance Days . In: fembio.org. September 4, 1905, accessed December 26, 2018 .
  2. ↑ a b Death certificate no. 469 from February 10, 1967, registry office Cologne West. In: LAV NRW R civil status register. Retrieved December 26, 2018 .
  3. ↑ a b c d e Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , 24./25. September 1966.
  4. ^ New Wiener Tagblatt (daily edition), September 12, 1909, p. 11.
  5. ^ Neue Freie Presse , March 7, 1909, p. 16.
  6. ↑ a b c Dick, Jüdische Frauen , p. 291.
  7. ↑ Illustrierte Kronen-Zeitung , September 29, 1910, p. 9.
  8. ↑ Erich Mühsam: Diaries in individual issues. Issue 8. Verbrecher Verlag, 2014, ISBN 978-3-957-32045-2 ( limited preview in Google book search).
  9. ↑ a b c d Friedl Münzer. In: - Women's History Wiki. Retrieved November 24, 2017 .
  10. ^ A b Wilhelm Unger : Vienna on the Rhine. Friedl Münzer 40 years with the Cologne theaters . In: Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger . September 21, 1966.
  11. ↑ a b c d e Hermann Jahrreis (Ed.): In Memoriam Friedl Münzer. In memory of Friedl Münzer, the Association of Friends of the Cologne Theaters gives its members the memorial [...] addresses at the funeral service of the Cologne theaters on January 22, 1967 . Bachem, Cologne 1967, p. without .
  12. ↑ Neues Wiener Tageblatt, May 20, 1921, p. 7.
  13. ↑ Neues Wiener Journal, June 27, 1923, p. 10.
  14. ↑ a b c d Ilse Korotin: biografiA . tape 2 . Böhlau, 2016, ISBN 978-3-205-79590-2 , pp. 2335 .
  15. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , September 27, 1966.
  16. ↑ Illustrated Radrenn-Sport , November 4, 1930, p. 1.
  17. ↑ Splendor, Jüdische Kulturarbeit , p. 130.
  18. ↑ Dick, Jüdische Frauen , p. 292.
  19. ^ Central-Verein-Zeitung , January 18, 1934.
  20. ^ Frithjof Trapp , Werner Mittenzwei , Henning Rischbieter , Hansjörg Schneider (eds.): Handbook of the German-speaking Exiltheater 1933–1945 . Volume 2: Biographical Lexicon of Theater Artists. Saur, Munich 1999, ISBN 3-598-11373-0 , p. 688. (accessed from De Gruyter Online).
  21. ↑ Albert Capell. In: Familienbuch-euregio.eu. July 7, 1944. Retrieved December 28, 2018 .
  22. ↑ a b Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , 24./25. September 1966.
  23. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , September 22, 1966.
  24. ^ Herbert A. Frenzel , Hans Joachim Moser (ed.): Kürschner's biographical theater manual. Drama, opera, film, radio. Germany, Austria, Switzerland. De Gruyter, Berlin 1956, DNB 010075518 , p. 506.
  25. ↑ Bernhard Hermann / Peter Stieber (eds.): An Arcadia of Music. 50 years of the Schwetzingen Festival 1952–2002 . JB Metzler, Stuttgart / Weimar 2002, ISBN 3-476-01907-1 , p. 215 .
  26. ↑ Audio play database . (No longer available online.) In: hspdat.to. January 11, 2015, formerly in the original ; accessed on December 26, 2018 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Toter Link / hspdat.to   (Permalink not available.)
  27. ^ Rene Frei: Schall und Wahn - publishing house for audio books: Willy Millowitsch - radio plays. In: schall-und-wahn.de. January 9, 2009, accessed December 26, 2018 .
  28. ↑ Pumuckl wants a watch. In: The Pumuckl homepage. Retrieved December 26, 2018 .
  29. ^ Tana Schanzara - Vita and curriculum vitae. In: agentur-delaberg.de. December 19, 2008, accessed December 26, 2018 .
  30. ^ Frithjof Trapp: Biographical Lexicon of Theater Artists. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG, 2013, ISBN 978-3-110-95969-7 , p. 687 ( limited preview in the Google book search).
  31. ↑ a b Marion Rothärmel: A first for Friedl coin . In: Kölnische Rundschau . September 21, 1966.
  32. ^ Obituary notice in the Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , January 16, 1967.
  33. ↑ Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger , January 23, 1967, p. 6.
  34. ↑ Peter Fuchs: Cologne as it writes and eats . Von Hatzfeld, Munich 1967, p. 70-71 .
personal data
SURNAME Münzer, Friedl
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Münzer, Frieda (maiden name); Münzer, Friedel
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian actress and Holocaust survivor
DATE OF BIRTH September 4, 1892
PLACE OF BIRTH Vienna , Austria-Hungary
DATE OF DEATH January 13, 1967
Place of death Cologne , Germany