Friedrich Wilhelm of Hesse (1854–1888)

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Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel in hussar uniform

Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von Hessen (born October 15, 1854 in Copenhagen ; † October 14, 1888 between Batavia and Singapore ) was titular Landgrave of the former Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel .

Life

Childhood and education

He was the eldest son of Friedrich Wilhelm Georg Adolf von Hessen-Rumpenheim (1820–1884) and Princess Maria Anna Friederike von Prussia (1836–1918), his second wife. Like his father, he was first raised in Denmark . He then attended the Vitzthum'sche Gymnasium in Dresden . From 1873–1875 he studied in Bonn , where he became a member of the Corps Borussia Bonn in 1875 .

military service

From 1876 he served in the Prussian army, most recently as a major à la suite of the Royal Hussar Regiment No. 7 . In addition, he was also major à la suite of the Imperial Russian Hussar Regiment No. 12 Mariupol .

Family tree of the House of Hesse (status around 1884–1892); the chiefs of the main lines marked in red

Head of the House of Hessen-Kassel

As Prince and Royal Highness in 1884, with the death of his father, he inherited the rights of a head of the House of Hessen-Kassel and the title of titular landgrave according to the Hessian house law , also with regard to the entails property. His siblings ( Elisabeth Charlotte Alexandra (1861–1955; ⚭ 1884 Hereditary Prince Leopold von Anhalt (1855–1886)), Alexander Friedrich (1863–1945; composer and 1888–1925 head of the house), Friedrich Karl (1868–1940; elected 1918) King of Finland and 1925–1940 head of the house), Sibylle Margaretha (1877–1953; ⚭ 1898–1923 Friedrich Freiherr von Vincke (1867–1925))) were placed under his tutelage .

Ownership of Fideikommiss of the former Electorate of Hesse and compensation payments by Prussia

During the lifetime of Elector Friedrich Wilhelm († 1875), who had never definitely waived his sovereign rights, his successor relatives in 1873, Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessen (1820-1884), were responsible for the respective boss of the House of Hessen-Kassel to maintain one an annual income of 606,000 marks per year for the princely lifestyle  , and this treaty had come into force in 1876. The administration of the entails, which also included the silver items delivered from the estate of the elector in 1875, fell to the government in Kassel on January 1, 1876 . The right of ownership was claimed by the Prussian Crown ( absolutely unjustified according to the Electoral Hesse constitution of 1831 , as it was private property of the House of Hessen-Kassel, which was separated from the Electoral Hesse state - the Prussian state had when it annexed the Electoral Hesse state in 1866, in the position of the winner but also the private property of the house of Hessen-Kassel, consisting of significant real estate and the gold and silver treasure, as well as art-historically very valuable objects, also collected) ( reptile fund ), which from the income other than that of the landgrave paid annual pension of over 600,000 gold marks to maintain the castles, parks, etc. Landgrave Friedrich Wilhelm had set up a new family entourage of the former Hessian house in 1878 on the basis of the contract of 1873 . For this, which replaced the 1830/1831 established Hessian Fideikommiss, even to him in 1876, after the death of the elector, by the Prussian state to belong ownership transferred locks, namely the Stadtschloss City Palace , the Fasanerie near Fulda and Philippsruhe Castle in Hanau with the associated Pheasantry at Wilhelmsbad as well as the treasure made of silver and jewelry and other movables from Bellevue Palace in Kassel and the Wabern hunting lodge .

From 1884, the touching pension payment modalities from the State Treaty of 1873, concluded between the Prussian state government and his father, applied to titular Landgrave Friedrich Wilhelm as head of the Hesse-Kassel house, who also owned the house treasure, the Fulda palaces and the Hanau Philippsruhe Palace was. During the establishment of the new family entourage of the former Electorate of Hesse, his father had once again listed in the deed of foundation the amount stipulated in the State Treaty of 1873 and payable annually by the Prussian state to the respective head of the House of Hessen-Kassel: 606,720 marks . This foundation deed dated 26 August 1878 was by Emperor and King on December 23, 1878 William I. sanctioned Service.

Between Prussia and the apanaged branch lines of the Hessian electoral house, Philippsthal and Barchfeld, a separate contract had been signed in 1880, according to which they received an annual severance payment of 300,000 Mk and some castles, including Hanau , Rotenburg and Schönfeld in the Hesse-Kassel Fideikommiss Kassel, received as a Privatfideikommiss. In addition, the members of these lines had been awarded the title of Highness by the Prussian king on July 18, 1881 , and on October 24, 1881 they had received hereditary membership of the Prussian manor house .

Dynastic meaning

For the Electorate of Hesse

Since the last elector, Friedrich Wilhelm I, left behind only unequal children who were not intended to succeed him according to the Hessian house law and Article 4 of the Kurhessen constitution , the prince, born in 1854, was in Kurhessen until he lost the throne through the Prussian annexation in 1866, after his 1867 Grandfather Wilhelm and his father Friedrich Wilhelm , who died at the age of almost 80 years, are third in line to the throne .

For the Grand Duchy of Hesse and the Rhine

Since 1884 head of the older main line of the Hessian ducal house and thus privileged agnate of this line, he had until his death in accordance with Article 5 of the constitution of the Grand Duchy of Hesse in the event of the death of the head of the younger line of the entire house, Grand Duke Ludwig IV (1837-1892 ), ranked fourth in the grand ducal succession. The Grand Duke only had one son who had survived childhood, namely Prince Ernst Ludwig (1868–1937), who was not yet married. In addition, the monarch had two younger brothers, but neither of them were properly married - so their descendants were excluded from the succession according to the Hessian house law . These were Heinrich (1838–1900) and Wilhelm (1845–1900). There were no other male descendants in the grand ducal line at the time.

For Denmark

Around 1850 his father, through his mother Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789–1864), was still intended to be part of the immediate succession to the throne of Denmark, namely on the death of the childless King Frederick VII , who was a nephew of his mother.

In the wake of the worsening conflict between Prussia and Denmark over the apple of contention Schleswig-Holstein, which culminated in the Prussian-Danish War in 1864 , Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessen had already renounced the Danish throne in 1851 in favor of his sister Louise , whose husband Christian von Schleswig- Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg was determined to succeed King Friedrich VII in 1853.

Compensation hopes

Because of the loss of power of his line, Friedrich Wilhelm tried to get on the vacant throne of still existing principalities. In 1884, after the death of the childless Duke Wilhelm von Braunschweig, the question of succession arose. Friedrich Wilhelm's attempt to regain power in Braunschweig failed because of Prussia's objection. In 1887 Alexander von Battenberg was driven from the Bulgarian throne. Hopes of inheriting the vacant throne from Bulgaria were also not fulfilled, as the great powers preferred Ferdinand of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha .

World Travel

In 1886 Friedrich Wilhelm began a three-year trip around the world. He had five companions and performed incognito under the name Baron von Eschbach during the trip . During his trip he first went to the Middle East, then to the Caribbean, Central America and the USA, from there to India, China, Japan, South Australia, New Zealand, New Guinea and Java. On the journey with the French steamship Volga from the port of Batavia to Bangkok , which he set out on October 13 for Singapore , he disappeared from the ship without a trace. The German consul in Singapore sent a telegram to the Foreign Office in Berlin, in which he expressed the suspicion that the missing person had fallen overboard into the sea "in a fit of great nervousness as a result of the heat". With the intention of going to Bangkok, Friedrich Wilhelm accepted an invitation from King Ramas V of Siam . During the world tour, Friedrich Wilhelm asked his cousin Alexandra Princess of Wales for the hand of her daughter Victoria , but because of his early death he was never married and had no children.

ancestors

Pedigree of Friedrich Wilhelm of Hesse (1854–1888)
Great grandparents

Prince
Friedrich of Hessen-Kassel (1747–1837)
⚭ 1786
Princess Karoline Polyxene of Nassau-Usingen (1762–1823)

Prince
Friedrich of Denmark (1753–1805)
⚭ 1774
Grand Duchess Sophie Friederike of Mecklenburg (1758–1794)

King Friedrich Wilhelm III. (Prussia) (1770–1840)
⚭ 1793
Princess Luise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1776–1810)

Grand Duke Karl Friedrich (Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach) (1783–1853)
⚭ 1804
Grand Duchess Maria Pawlowna Romanowa (1786–1859)

Grandparents

Landgrave Wilhelm von Hessen -Kassel-Rumpenheim (1787–1867)
⚭ 1810
Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789–1864)

Prince Carl of Prussia (1801–1883)
⚭ 1827
Princess Marie of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1808–1877)

parents

Landgrave Friedrich Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (1820–1884)
⚭ 1853
Princess Anna of Prussia (1836–1918)

Titular Landgrave Friedrich Wilhelm of Hesse (1854–1888)

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl Landgraf von Hessen-Kassel on thepeerage.com , accessed on September 10, 2016.
  2. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 19 , 490
  3. ↑ Hermann von Schulze-Gävernitz (Ed.): The house laws of the ruling German royal houses . Volume 2. Jena 1878.
  4. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, pp. 91–120
  5. ↑ The Federal Archives , Central Database Legacies : Hessen, Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Carl Landgraf von (1854–1888) (appointment file for the guardian of his siblings)
  6. ↑ Hans-Joachim Wirth: History, Landgraves: Friedrich Wilhelm I, Elector of Hesse-Kassel (accessed on March 27, 2014)
  7. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 100 ff.
  8. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 108.
  9. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 114.
  10. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 105 f.
  11. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 103 ff.
  12. ↑ a b Hessen-Kassel (incorporation in Prussia) . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 8, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, pp. 483–484.
  13. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 114.
  14. ^ Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the electoral Hessian house in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 108.
  15. ^ Genealogisches Handbuch des Adels , Adelslexikon , Volume V, Volume 84 of the complete series, Limburg an der Lahn 1984, p. 172.
  16. ↑ Website of the Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg : Constitutional document for the Electorate of Hesse January 5, 1831  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. (accessed on March 29, 2014)@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.jura.uni-wuerzburg.de  
  17. ↑ documentArchiv.de: Constitutional document for the Grand Duchy of Hesse from December 17, 1820 (accessed on March 29, 2014). However, this succession regulation has already been in place since the Hessian comparison of brothers (→ About the Order of Government Succession, Volume 1, p. 398 ) under the sons of Landgrave Philip the Magnanimous and was in particular due to the Grand Ducal Hessian laws in the event of the extinction of the Grand Ducal line from 1902 expressly reaffirmed. Therefore, the grand-ducal line of the Hessian ducal house had joined the state treaties between Prussia and the Hesse-Kassel lines in 1881, which also opened up the right of succession to the private entails of the line that had previously ruled the Electorate of Hesse. (Friedrich Renner: The family entails of the Electoral Hessian House in its historical development . In: Journal of the Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies , 39, Kassel 1905, p. 111 )
  18. ↑ Eckhart G. Franz (Ed.): House of Hesse - biographical lexicon. Hessian Historical Commission . Darmstadt 2012, p. 176.
predecessor Office successor
Friedrich Wilhelm (Titular) Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel
1884–1888 		Alexander Friedrich
personal data
SURNAME Hessen, Friedrich Wilhelm von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hessen, Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl von (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Titular Landgrave of the former Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel
DATE OF BIRTH October 15, 1854
PLACE OF BIRTH Copenhagen
DATE OF DEATH October 14, 1888
Place of death at sea between Batavia and Singapore