Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel (1747–1837)
Friedrich von Hessen-Kassel zu Rumpenheim (born September 11, 1747 in Kassel , † May 20, 1837 in Frankfurt am Main ) was a prince of Hessen-Kassel and the founder of the younger, non-ruling line of the Hessian ducal house , which was next to the branch line Hessen-Philippsthal-Barchfeld only existing line of the house to this day. Friedrich is sometimes called Landgrave von Hessen-Rumpenheim after his place of residence.
Life
Friedrich was the fourth and youngest son of Landgrave Friedrich II of Hessen-Kassel (1720–1785) and his first wife Maria of Great Britain (1723–1772). In 1749 his father secretly converted to the Catholic religion in Cologne. As a result, his mother separated from her husband and received the county of Hanau-Munzenberg from her father-in-law and their children for custodial administration . At the beginning of the Seven Years' War , Landgravine Maria sent her children to her sister, Queen Louise , at the Danish court.
Friedrich trained at the Royal Military Academy in Copenhagen and Aarhus and in 1769 became a Danish general of the infantry .
At the end of 1781, his brother Prince Karl von Hessen-Kassel sold him the Rumpenheim mansion, which his mother had previously lived in. Friedrich made it his residence and expanded it into Rumpenheim Castle by 1788 , which also included the creation of an English landscape park.
In Dutch service in 1793 Friedrich became General of the Cavalry and Governor of Maastricht . There he was besieged by the French for three months in 1793 and finally surrendered the city in 1794. He retired into private life and lived primarily at Rumpenheim Castle and in Kassel.
After his brother Wilhelm was elected Elector of Hesse in 1803 , he transferred the title of " Landgrave " to his brothers. After Friedrich's nephew Wilhelm became elector in 1821, Friedrich left Kassel after disputes with him and lived in Gotha and Hanover .
progeny
On December 2, 1786, Friedrich married Princess Karoline Polyxene (1762–1823) in Biebrich , daughter of Prince Karl Wilhelm von Nassau-Usingen and Karoline von Leiningen-Dagsburg-Heidesheim. The following children were born from the marriage:
- Wilhelm von Hessen-Kassel-Rumpenheim (1787–1867), governor of Copenhagen
- ⚭ 1810 Princess Louise Charlotte of Denmark (1789–1864)
- Karl Friedrich (1789–1802)
- Friedrich Wilhelm (1790–1876), governor of Luxembourg
- Ludwig Karl (1791–1800)
- Georg Karl (1793–1881), governor of Magdeburg and Prussian general
- Luise (1794-1881)
- ⚭ 1833 Count Georg von der Betten (1787–1859), Hanoverian general of the cavalry
- Marie (1796-1880)
- ⚭ 1817 Grand Duke Georg of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (1779–1860)
- Auguste (1797-1889)
- ⚭ 1818 Adolph Friedrich, Duke of Cambridge (1774–1850)
ancestors
| Karl Landgrave of Hessen-Kassel (1654–1730) | |||||||||||||
| Wilhelm VIII Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1682–1760) | |||||||||||||
| Amalia of Courland (1653-1711) | |||||||||||||
| Friedrich II. Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel (1720–1785) | |||||||||||||
| Moritz Wilhelm of Saxony-Zeitz (1664–1718) | |||||||||||||
| Dorothea Wilhelmine of Saxony-Zeitz (1691–1743) | |||||||||||||
| Maria Amalia of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1670–1739) | |||||||||||||
| Friedrich of Hessen-Kassel | |||||||||||||
| George I King of Great Britain (1660-1727) | |||||||||||||
| George II King of Great Britain (1683–1760) | |||||||||||||
| Sophie Dorothea of Braunschweig-Lüneburg (1666–1726) | |||||||||||||
| Mary of Great Britain (1723–1772) | |||||||||||||
| Johann Friedrich of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1654–1686) | |||||||||||||
| Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (1683–1737) | |||||||||||||
| Eleanor of Saxony-Eisenach (1662–1696) | |||||||||||||
Awards
- Dannebrogmann and Dannebrog Cross in Silver (after 1808)
- Elephant Order (1810)
- Knights of the Royal Order of the Seraphines , Sweden
- Grand Cross from the Hessian Order of the Lions
- Grand Cross of the Grand Ducal Hessian Order of Merit (see discussion)
- Grand Cross from the Guelph Order
- Commander of the Military Wilhelms Order (after 1815)
- Knight of the Hessian Military Order of Merit Pour la vertu militaire
- Member of the Academy of the Arts Kassel
See also
literature
- Eduard Maria Oettinger : History of the Danish Court p. 85.
- Friedrich . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 6 . Altenburg 1858, p. 722-740 ( zeno.org ).
Web links
- http://www.hill-rumpenheim.de/rumpenheim.html
- Hessen-Kassel, Friedrich Landgrave of. Hessian biography. (As of November 20, 2019). In: Landesgeschichtliches Informationssystem Hessen (LAGIS).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h Johann Heinrich Friedrich Berlien: The Elephant Order and its Knights: a historical treatise on the first traces of this order and its further development up to its current form, and next a material on the personal history according to the sources of the Royal Secret State Archives and the Royal Chapter Archives of Copenhagen , Copenhagen 1846, p. 130.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Friedrich of Hessen-Kassel |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Landgrave of Hessen-Rumpenheim, Prince of Hessen-Kassel |
| DATE OF BIRTH | September 11, 1747 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | kassel |
| DATE OF DEATH | May 20, 1837 |
| Place of death | Frankfurt am Main |