Gehrden (Zerbst)
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Gehrden
City of Zerbst / Anhalt
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| Height : | 73 m |
| Area : | 6.81 km² |
| Residents : | 206 (December 31, 2008) |
| Population density : | 30 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 2010 |
| Postal code : | 39264 |
| Area code : | 039247 |
 
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Location in Saxony-Anhalt
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Gehrden is a district of the city of Zerbst / Anhalt in the Anhalt-Bitterfeld district in Saxony-Anhalt (Germany).
geography
The village of Gehrden between Magdeburg and Zerbst is about five kilometers from the Elbe . The district borders the Middle Elbe river landscape biosphere reserve . The terrain gradually slopes down from the northeast towards the Elbaue. The center of Zerbst is about twelve kilometers from Gehrden.
In terms of natural space , the place belongs to the Zerbster Land , an arable, open cultural landscape and 536 km² main unit of the superordinate main unit group of the Fläming in the north German lowlands . The Zerbster Land forms the southwestern roof of the Fläming to the Elbe and belongs to the catchment area of this river.
history
Gehrden was once a Wendish settlement , which can still be recognized today by the typical horseshoe shape . Until the beginning of the 19th century, the only entry and exit road was on the north side of the village and led in the direction of Lübs. Only later did the breakthrough to the south take place. Where the courtyards and houses are now in the center of the village, there used to be a very wide village square with several ponds (swamp holes), onto which the gables of the thatched houses and farm buildings looked. Gehrden was first mentioned in a document from the Berge monastery in 1234. At the end of the 13th century, the von Cronenberg brothers transferred the patronage rights to Gehrden to the lords of the calendars of Leitzkau, from whom Archbishop Albrecht III of Querfurt bought it in 1390. He bequeathed it to the cathedral chapter at the same time as the city and Möckern Castle.
Around 1500, the reign of Archbishop Ernst II of Saxony (1476–1513), who weighed heavily on his subjects, many settlements in the area became desolate . The peasants left their farms and moved to the cities or took up military service, so that their houses fell into disrepair and the fields became weed. Whole villages emptied and so-called “desert brands” emerged. The "desert mark" Rosenhagen (between Gödnitz and Gehrden) was created after 1447, Wedelwitz (between Prödel and Gödnitz) before 1337. Two other “desert brands” were Krakeborn (between Lübs and Leitzkau) and Pakendorf (between Gehrden and Walternienburg).
After the Lutheran Reform, the first Protestant pastor, Jacob Heinecke, occupied the Gehrden pastor in 1537, replacing the last Catholic pastor, Friderici. The horrors of the Thirty Years' War did not stop at Gehrden either, so that in 1640 all but nine residents were driven out or fell victim to the war. From a description of the then cathedral capitular judge Jacob von Bandelow from Möckern it also emerges: “In the other villages: Dalcho 1 widower and 2 widows; Luhe 3 pairs of people, 2 Ackerleite, 1 Kotsaß; Zeddennick is not a living person. "
The church book from 1789 reports interesting facts: “On December 13th, a person was found dead on the border piece against the Pfuhl at Schorschen and Güterglückchen Felde and lifted by the Möckern courts. When his body was examined, his back was found to be bruised, his head had sixteen wounds and his skull was shattered with a stone. He was well dressed and might be thirty years old. Who and where he came from and who his murderers were is not known. ”These parcels of land have been called“ Mordbreite ”ever since.
On June 26, 1828, Gehrden was almost completely destroyed by a large fire. In addition to 21 completely burned-out homesteads, there were also five dead. Only three farms remained intact. After the fire, the street fronts were straightened. On the east side of the village were the little thatched houses of the day laborers and kossats , on the west side were the farms of the farmers ("Bauernhalbe"). In 1829 the new school was inaugurated under the then teacher Johann Karl Wiedemann.
In 1863 the brickworks between Gehrden and Schora was built. The brick factory was in operation until 1912 and was then shut down due to the lack of suitable soil and the buildings demolished.
On the occasion of the victory and peace celebrations after the German War , the "Peace Oak" was planted in front of the entrance to the churchyard in 1866, where it still stands today.
In 1840 the Magdeburg – Leipzig railway was opened. As a result of the construction companies, a number of Polish railroad workers and farmers settled in Gehrden. The population rose from 207 in 1837 to 300 at the end of the 19th century.
In 1885 the road connection Leitzkau - Gehrden - Trebnitz was established. At the exit towards Güterglück there was a barrier until 1898, the income from which had to be transferred to cover the road construction costs. Before the construction of the Chaussee, the roads to Lübs and Güterglück were unpaved and had neither ditches nor were they lined with trees, so that they were hardly passable in wet weather in spring or autumn.
In the village itself there were only unpaved roads until the beginning of the 20th century. It was not until 1927 that the village received a pavement 6 m wide with border on both sides and electrical street lighting.
The Second World War did not stop at Gehrden either. Of the 65 men drafted into the Wehrmacht, 20 did not return, in whose honor a plaque was placed in the cemetery. The memorial plaque is attached to a boulder in Gehrden's large stone grave, which at the time was not yet a listed building. As a result of the turmoil of the war, 50 Saarlanders were quartered, later just as many Rhinelanders, and 40 prisoners of war who were deported for forced labor.
From January 1, 1974 to March 31, 1990, Gehrden was part of the municipality of Lübs .
After that, Gehrden was an independent municipality until December 31, 2009. 206 inhabitants lived on a community area of 6.81 km² (December 31, 2008). On January 1, 2010 the incorporation into Zerbst / Anhalt took place . The last mayor of Gehrden was Bernhard Mücke.
badges and flags
The coat of arms was approved by the district on June 25, 2009.
Blazon : "A golden sheaf of corn in green, surrounded by eight silver stones placed along the flanks and the round shield."
The symbolism of the coat of arms, which was designed by the Magdeburg municipal heraldist Jörg Mantzsch on behalf of the municipality in 2009 and brought into the approval process, refers to the "megalithic grave" and the field economy.
The colors of the Gehrden are: gold (yellow) - green.
The flag is yellow - green (1: 1) striped (horizontal shape: stripes running horizontally, lengthways shape: stripes running vertically) and centered with the coat of arms.
Culture and sights
The Gehrden Hünenbett
On the west side of Gehrden there is a giant bed made of 62 stones and under monument protection . This cult and / or burial site, which can be attributed to the funnel cup culture, is one of the last remaining Neolithic sites in the area. Of 40–46 large stone graves that were found in the later districts of Burg and Zerbst at the end of the 18th century, only those in Körbelitz , Möckern and Gehrden have survived.
The formation of the barrow is in the middle Neolithic between 3500 and 2800 BC. To settle. The megalithic culture spreads from the North Sea up the Elbe to the Elbe-Saale area, with the Gehrden Hünenbett being the southernmost in the area. With its huge upright boulders, it is also one of the most beautiful and unusual large stone graves that has stood the test of time. In terms of type, the Gehrden chamberless giant bed is one of the oldest forms of Neolithic stone monuments. Archaeological investigations have not yet taken place, however, during individual excavations in the 1930s, fragments were found under the boulders that can be ascribed to the spherical amphora culture. Since this culture is younger than that of the builders, it is assumed that the shards came under the stones through subsequent burials. The shards were handed over to the State Museum in Halle, but could no longer be found there as early as the 1950s. In addition, 20 small bowls were found under the blasted boulder on the side of the megalithic bed facing the village, as well as a Jutland battle ax from the time the cult site was built. Unfortunately, these artifacts are missing. In addition to this large monument, there were at least five other small-sized giant beds in the vicinity of Gehrden, which have not survived the ages.
Even if after the great fire of 1828 in Gehrden and for road construction in 1884, some stone giants were used for a different purpose, the shape of this prehistoric burial site can still be recognized. One of the most beautiful boulders was erected in the cemetery after the First World War as a memorial for the fallen soldiers of the place.
Of the former 62 stones, 56 are still present today.
In addition to the Hünenbett there is another ground monument in the Gehrden district, the so-called "Galgenberg". This artificially created elevation has not yet been archaeologically investigated and is therefore undated. It can be assumed that it was formed during the Bronze Age, similar to comparable hills in the area. The traditional name suggests that the hill served as a court in the Middle Ages, although no evidence is known of this other than the name.
The church
The Gehrden Church is a single-nave, Romanesque field stone building made of unusually large boulders. It is a witness of the old, troubled times, as indicated by the massive construction and the thick walls. Its origin is likely to be around the year 1200. The arched semicircular apse, which is somewhat narrower than the nave, adjoins the almost square altar house. The deep window closest to the tower used to be a door through which Pakendorf churchgoers are said to have entered the church. The church organ dates from 1861/62.
Until 1923, Großlübs was also part of the Gehrden parish.
Sport - The VfL Gehrden
VfL Gehrden emerged after reunification in 1990 from the BSG "Traktor" Gehrden. Today (as of February 2014) the sports club comprises the sections soccer (six teams) and table tennis (four teams).
Economy and Infrastructure
In Gehrden there is an agricultural machinery dealer ( John Deere ) with an attached independent car workshop, which is also the largest company in the town. There are also two carpenters, a painting company and three independent farmers. A chicken production company has set up shop on the outskirts.
Transport links
Via Prödel or Güterglück , Gehrden is connected to the federal highway 184 , other roads lead to Zerbst and Barby (via a yaw ferry in the Walternienburg district of Ronney). The train station in the neighboring town of Lübs is on the Magdeburg - Dessau- Rosslau line.
literature
- H. Lindner: History and description of the state of Anhalt. Ackermann, Dessau 1833 (Part 4, Fly Head Publishing, Halle 1991, ISBN 3-910147-08-9 )
- Chr. Habbe, Wilhelm Landzettel : The shape of the villages: Village renewal in Saxony-Anhalt. Schlüterverlag, Magdeburg 1994, DNB 943200032 .
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Map services of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation ( information )
- ↑ Municipalities in 1994 and their changes since January 1st, 1948 in the new federal states. Publisher: Federal Statistical Office. Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 .
- ↑ Population of the municipalities by district. State Statistical Office Saxony-Anhalt, September 2009 ( statistik.sachsen-anhalt.de, PDF file ( Memento from January 18, 2012 in the Internet Archive ))
- ↑ StBA: Area changes from January 1 to December 31, 2010
- ↑ Official Journal of the District No. 14/2009 (PDF; 69 kB)
- ↑ a b c J. Preuss: The Altmark group of deep embroidery ceramics. Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, Berlin 1980, p. 110 ff.
- ↑ A. Mertens: Treatises and reports from the Museum for Natural and Local History. Magdeburg 1929, p. 252 ff.
