Common stalk of wind

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Common stalk of wind
Apera spica venti kz1.JPG

Common wind stalk ( Apera spica-venti )

Systematics
Commelinids
Order : Sweet grass (Poales)
Family : Sweet grasses (Poaceae)
Subfamily : Pooideae
Genre : Windhalm ( Apera )
Type : Common stalk of wind
Scientific name
Apera spica-venti
( L. ) P.Beauv.

The common wind stalk ( Apera spica-venti ), also called common wind stalk or field wind stalk , is a species of the genus wind stalk ( Apera ) within the sweet grass family . It is widespread in Eurasia .

description

illustration
Habitus
Spikelets

Vegetative characteristics

The common wind stalk grows as an annual herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 30 to 100 centimeters. The stalks are upright.

Their leaf sheaths are close to the stalk, they are smooth or slightly rough. The ligule can be up to 6 millimeters long. The 2 to 5 millimeter wide leaf blade is rough and flat with an elongated tip.

Generative characteristics

The flowering time is in June and July. The loose, wide, paniculate inflorescence is up to 40 centimeters long. After the anthesis , the panicles are contracted. The thin panicle branches are up to 10 centimeters long, sometimes tortuous and carry the spikelets. The lateral spikelets are short, terminal long-stalked. The single-flowered, narrow spikelets can be colored green or reddish-purple. The spikelets are up to 3 millimeters long and have an awn up to 7 millimeters long . The spikelets disintegrate between the upper glume and the flower at maturity.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The common windstalk is a summer or winter annual, mesomorphic therophyte . Its roots are 15 to 60 centimeters deep.

In terms of flower ecology, it is wind flowering according to the "long-dust thread type". The flowers are self-sterile .

Diaspores (expansion units) are the caryopses with the palea and the long awned lemma. They spread as wind spreaders , umbrella fliers and Velcro fasteners. In addition, people spread as an agricultural companion and ruderal plant. Up to 600 propagation units are formed per plant. The seeds sometimes germinate on the mother plant, so that one can speak of viviparia .

Occurrence

The distribution area extends from Europe to Siberia , from the Mediterranean area to Iran and includes Macaronesia. The common wind stalk is common all over Europe , only in southern Europe it is less common.

The common windstalk grows mainly as a " weed " in grain fields, especially in rye . It thrives best in lime-free soils and can therefore be pushed back by liming . On naturally calcareous soils , the wind blade is an indicator of the decalcification of the arable soil. The common wind stalk can also be found on ruderal areas and at the edges of roads, from where it can repeatedly penetrate the fields. Apera spica-venti forms small, light seeds that the wind carries far. The common windstalk was promoted by the advent of the combine harvester , as the threshing now takes place later and more time is available for the seeds to ripen.

The common Windhalm is next to the cornflower , the narrow-leaved and rough-haired changing an association characteristic species of Windhalm-fields ( Aperion spicae-venti ). It is therefore particularly typical for winter grain fields on soils poor in bases.

Common names

Other names for the Common Windhalm are or were, sometimes only regionally, also in use: Katten-swans ( Altmark ), Leetharl ( Mecklenburg ), Mäddl (Altmark), Marl (Mecklenburg), Matt'l (Mecklenburg), Meddel ( Ostfriesland ), Midel (Ostfriesland), Midelt (Ostfriesland), Schlirpgras ( Switzerland ), wind vane and wind stalk (Switzerland).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  2. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 249.
  3. ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Apera spica-venti. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 2, 2016.
  4. ↑ Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: Our grasses , Franckh-Kosmos, 10th edition, 1991, ISBN 3-440-06201-5
  5. ↑ Otti Wilmanns : Ecological Plant Sociology, UTB 269, 5th edition, 1993, ISBN 3-494-02187-2
  6. ^ Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants , published by Philipp Cohen Hanover 1882, page 13 f.

Web links

Commons : Common wind stalk ( Apera spica-venti )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files