George Josua du Plat

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Georg Josua du Plat (born September 9, 1722 in Löhrstorf , Ostholstein , † December 14, 1795 in Hanover ) was a lieutenant general and cartographer from Hanover . He was chief of kurhannoverschen Corps of Engineers and the first head of kurhannoverschen Infrastructures - Intendance .

Life

family

Section of the village Weyhe from du Plats Kurhannoverscher Landaufnahme from 1773

Georg Josua du Plat came from the French noble family du Plat , whose first representative in Germany was his grandfather Pierre Joseph du Plat (1657- ??), ancestor of the Hanoverian line. Members of this German line again entered royal Danish and British services. Plat was the son of the military cartographer Pierre Joseph du Plat (1691-1753) and the estate manager's daughter Angel Justina Janus from Löhrstorf, where he was born. His three younger brothers, Oberdeichgraf Peter Joseph du Plat (1728–1782), Lieutenant General Johann Wilhelm du Plat (1735–1806) and Lieutenant General Anton Heinrich du Plat (1738–1791) were all like him cartographers from the Elector of Hanover.

Georg Joshua du Plat married his first wife in 1765 sticks Catherine Melusina of West Wood (* 1729, † April 21, 1767 in Hameln ), the daughter of kurhannoverschen Privy Councilor Carl Ludwig von Westenholz . His second marriage was on September 11, 1768 in Osnabrück Bernhardine von Derenthall (* 1749 in Osnabrück; † June 2, 1782 in Hildesheim ), the daughter of Philipp Nikolaus von Derenthall (1695-1752) and Bernhardine Goswine Therese von Kerckerinck Borg . There are two sons from this marriage.

Career

Plat was first lieutenant and top aide , later Captain in the 14th Hanoverian Infantry - Regiment . From 1761 he was assigned to the old General Friedrich von Spörcken as a lieutenant colonel . In 1763 he became head of the engineering corps founded in 1732 and led it until 1791. Also since 1763 - in memory of the negative experiences in the Seven Years' War - du Plat suggested in several memoranda the establishment of an engineering school ; However, it was not until 1784 that it was incorporated into the artillery school in Hanover, which had been founded two years earlier in 1782 .

With his subordinates, especially the electoral Hanoverian engineer Johann Ludewig Hogrewe from 1767, Plat created from 1764 in the following 22 years until 1786 by systematically measuring the approximately 28,000 square kilometers of Kurlande, the Kurhannoversche Landesaufnahme, a map of 165 sheets on a scale of 1: 21,333.3. Each draftsman / surveyor produced an average of two sheets per year (around 300 square kilometers). In the summer months they worked on site, in winter they drew the four-color cards in detail. This is how the geographical location of all the German lands, Sr. Royal Majesty of Great Britain, came about . By reducing the size three times, a military map was created on a scale of 1: 64000 with 35 sheets and from this a general map on a scale of 1: 192000 with four sheets. Plat was supported by a total of eleven officers over the course of these 22 years. In 1778, Plat was promoted to major general, and in 1788 to royal British and electoral Hanoverian lieutenant general.

From around 1779 to 1783/84, the Friedrichswall area was rebuilt according to Plats plans in the course of the demolition of Hanover .

Plat died in Hanover in 1795 at the age of 73 and was buried in the cemetery of St. Clemens Church.

Works

  • Geographical location of all German lands, Sr. Royal Majesty of Great Britain
  • Several memoranda on the establishment of an independent engineering school, including
    • "Memorandum to the commanding General von der Brille from January 10, 1783"

literature

Web links

Commons : Georg Josua du Plat  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Linnebach: Scharnhorst's letters. Volume 1: Private Letters. Verlag G. Müller, 1914, p. 501. (excerpt)
  2. ↑ On the history of traffic in Lower Saxony - the development of road construction in Lower Saxony ( Memento of the original from January 21, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.strassenbau.niedersachsen.de
  3. ^ A b c Lars Ulrich Scholl: Engineering School 1786 to 1803. In: Engineers in early industrialization / State and private technicians in the Kingdom of Hanover and on the Ruhr (1815–1873) , at the same time dissertation from 1977 at the Technical University of Hanover, Faculty of Spirit - and social sciences, in the nineteenth-century studies of natural sciences, technology and economics. Vol. 10, p. 52ff. ( online via google books )
  4. ↑ Klaus Mlynek , Waldemar R. Röhrbein (ed.): History of the city of Hanover . Volume 1: From the beginning to the beginning of the 19th century. Pp. 199, 246. ( online via Google books)
  5. ^ Joachim Niemeyer: Scharnhorst letters to Friedrich von derützen 1803–1813. Verlag Dümmler, 1987, ISBN 3-427-82071-8 , p. 60. (excerpt)
  6. ^ The Kurhannoversche Landesaufnahme. on: lgn.niedersachsen.de
  7. ↑ Later, the very colorful topographical map was reprinted in black and white, initially 1: 40000, then after the Second World War 1: 25000, in order to be able to compare it with the more modern measuring table sheets. Today's editions are reprinted in color. The maps impress with their almost unbelievable accuracy. They are better than today's aerial mappings as these are distorted at the edges by the pressure.
  8. ^ Lower Saxony yearbook for regional history. Volumes 39–40, Historical Commission for Lower Saxony, Verlag A. Lax, 1967, p. 171. (excerpt)
personal data
SURNAME du Plat, Georg Josua
BRIEF DESCRIPTION lieutenant general and cartographer from Hanover
DATE OF BIRTH September 9, 1722
PLACE OF BIRTH Löhrstorf
DATE OF DEATH December 14, 1795
Place of death Hanover