Gottwalt Schaper

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Memorial plaque for Gottwalt Schaper on the Mainz North Bridge .
Text: 1873–1942, in memory of the successful bridge builder of the German Reichsbahn and meritorious pioneer of welding technology in steel bridge construction, in May 1955
Kräutelstein Bridge near Passau,
SKR temporary bridge

Gottwalt Schaper (born March 10, 1873 in Hohlstedt ; † January 4, 1942 in Berlin ) was a German civil engineer and construction clerk who emerged as a pioneer for welded steel bridge construction .

Life

From 1893 Schaper studied civil engineering at the Technical University (Berlin-) Charlottenburg . During his studies he became a member of the Association of German Students in Charlottenburg . He passed both state exams in the railway subject with distinction. In 1901 he took part in the Schinkel competition for the field of railway construction, his draft for the task of a connection between the Rhine-Nahe-Bahn and the right bank of the Rhine was awarded the honorary gift of the Berlin Architects' Association and was used as a domestic trial work for the 2nd time State examination accepted.

From 1901 to 1905 he worked as a government master builder ( assessor in the public building administration) at the Berlin Railway Directorate, from 1905 to 1909 as a (scientific) unskilled worker in the railway department of the Prussian Ministry of Public Works with Hermann Zimmermann . At the same time, he had the opportunity to further deepen his specialist knowledge as an assistant at Heinrich Müller-Breslau . In 1906 he was appointed railway construction and operations inspector . In 1909 he got a job as head of the new construction office for the Rhine bridge on the Duisburg-Meiderich Nord-Hohenbudberg railway line . In 1912, after the completion of this bridge, he became the department head for bridge construction at the Stettin Railway Directorate . It was during this period that drafts of samples for steel bridges were published. In 1915 Schaper received the Iron Cross 2nd class with a white ribbon .

On December 10, 1919, Schaper succeeded John Labes as head of the bridge service on the Prussian State Railway ; connected with this was his appointment as a secret building councilor and lecturer in the Ministry of Public Works. One month later, on January 9, 1920, his office was assigned to the newly created Reich Ministry of Transport . Schaper received the lecture for bridge and civil engineering.

Schaper's work was already recognized during his lifetime: he was awarded honorary doctorates by the German Technical University of Brno (as Dr. tech. E. h. ) And in 1922 by the Technical University of Darmstadt (as Dr.-Ing. E. h. ) “In recognition of his outstanding services, which he has earned for the development of iron construction, especially in northern Germany, through scientific and administrative work in the Prussian civil service ”. In 1933 he was made a titular professorship , and in 1938 the Academy of Technical Sciences in Warsaw appointed him a foreign member.

During the Second World War , together with Friedrich Krupp AG, he developed a standardized truss bridge , the Schaper-Krupp-Reichsbahnbrücke (SKR) , which was often used as a makeshift bridge after the war. Between 1945 and 1950 alone 39 bridges with a total length of 5200 meters were built. The last SKR bridge was built in 1991 over the Teltow Canal in Berlin.

His book Iron Bridges , first published in 1908 and published many times, was the standard work on steel bridge construction in Germany until the 1950s. He advocated welded bridges and the use of structural steel 52 in steel bridge construction, which had a higher strength.

In 1928 he was the founder of the Stahlbau magazine published by Ernst & Sohn in Berlin .

Schaper died in 1942 and was buried in Wilhelmshorst near Potsdam.

Fonts

Schaper publishes the following textbooks:

  • Iron bridges. A textbook and reference book for students and designers . Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1908 (and other editions). ( Digitized on archive.org)
  • Auxiliary values ​​for the design and calculation of bridges with an iron superstructure as a supplement to the Prussian regulations for the design of bridges with an iron superstructure of May 1, 1903. Recommended by the ministerial decrees ID 13781 of September 17, 1903 and ID 11628 of June 30 1904.
    • In: Eisenbahnnachrichtenblatt , year 1903, p. 388, and year 1904, p. 286.
    • 4th revised edition, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1913. (edited by Friedrich Dircksen )
  • Basics of steel construction. 6th, completely revised and expanded edition, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1933. (= Building in steel , part 1.)
  • Fixed steel bridges. 6th, completely revised and expanded edition, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1934. (= Building in steel , part 2.)
  • Something about masonry, abutments, pillars and the design of stone and steel bridges. 2nd revised and expanded edition, Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 1942.

literature

  • Willy Meilicke: Ministerialdirigent Secret Building Councilor Prof Dr.-Ing. Eh Schaper †. In: Newspaper of the Association of Central European Railway Administrations, 82nd year 1942, No. 3 (from January 15, 1942), pp. 34–36.
  • Karl-Eugen Kurrer : In search of the true buckling theory for steel columns from 1910 to 1943. In: Österreichische Ingenieur- und Architekten-Zeitschrift , year 2006, No. 1-3.
  • Klaus Stiglat: Civil engineers and their work. Ernst & Sohn, Berlin 2004, ISBN 3-433-01665-8 , p. 368.
  • For the development of the technical-scientific joint work of the German Steel Construction Association. part One
  • August Hertwig : Life and work of the Reichsbahn bridge builders Schwedler, Zimmermann, Labes, Schaper. A brief history of the development of bridge construction. Ernst & Son, Berlin 1950.
  • Hans Siebke : Privy Councilor Gottwalt Schaper. Pioneer in steel bridge construction from riveting to welding. In: Pioneers of construction technology. (= Classic of technology .) VDI-Gesellschaft für Bautechnik, Düsseldorf 1990.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gerd Albrecht: Gottwalt Schaper. Iron bridges. A textbook and reference book for students and designers.
  2. ↑ Louis Lange (Ed.): Kyffhäuser Association of German Student Associations. Address book 1931. Berlin 1931, p. 194.
  3. ↑ Centralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 21, 1901, No. 18, p. 111. (Acceptance of the award-winning designs as domestic test work was a matter of course, so it only had to be specially mentioned for designs that were not awarded a prize.)
  4. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 26, 1906, No. 43, p. 271.
  5. ^ Hans Siebke: Privy Councilor Gottwalt Schaper. Pioneer in steel bridge construction from riveting to welding. In: Pioneers of construction technology. VDI-Verlag, Düsseldorf 1990.
  6. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , 35th year 1915, No. 73, p. 478.
  7. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 39, 1919, No. 103, p. 613.
  8. ↑ January 9th (year 1920) in: Daily facts of the Luisenstädtischer Bildungsverein (at the DHM )
  9. ↑ Gerd Albrecht: ( Page no longer available , search in web archives: Berlin in the 1920s. )@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.gerd-albrecht.de
  10. ↑ Zentralblatt der Bauverwaltung , Volume 42, 1922, No. 61 ( online as PDF), p. 362.
  11. ^ Karl Schaechterle : Gottwalt Schaper †. In: VDI magazine , Volume 86, 1942, No. 7/8, p. 112.
  12. ^ Rolf H. Pfeifer, Tristan M. Mölter: Handbuch Eisenbahnbrücken. DVV Media Group, Hamburg 2008, ISBN 978-3-7771-0378-5 , p. 302.
  13. ↑ Detlef Böhnki, Karl-Eugen Kurrer: 150 years of Ernst & Sohn. In: Stahlbau , 70th year 2001, issue 1, p. 2.
  14. ↑ State Historical Association for the Mark Brandenburg e. V. (Ed.), Willi Wohlberedt : Directory of the graves of well-known and famous personalities in Greater Berlin and Potsdam and the surrounding area. IV. Part.
  15. ↑ Ernst & Sohn ( Memento from December 27, 2015 in the Internet Archive )
personal data
SURNAME Schaper, Gottwalt
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German bridge construction engineer and construction officer
DATE OF BIRTH March 10, 1873
PLACE OF BIRTH Hohlstedt
DATE OF DEATH January 4, 1942
Place of death Berlin