Freiburg (noble family)

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Coat of arms of the Counts of Freiburg and the Fürstenberg sideline

Counts of Freiburg called themselves from 1230 a branch of the Counts of Urach after they had inherited the Zähringer in Breisgau and its capital, Freiburg , in 1218. The dynasty was able to maintain dominion over Freiburg for 150 years until 1368. Until 1444 they ruled the Badenweiler dominion in southern Breisgau . From 1395 to 1458 the Counts of Freiburg were also Counts of Welsch-Neuchâtel .

history

The Counts of Freiburg were the descendants of Count Egino V. von Urach († 1236 or 1237). His mother was Agnes von Zähringen, and so Egino inherited the Zähringen after they died out. As Count of Freiburg he called himself Egino I. Under his son Konrad I (1236/1237 to 1271), before 1245 (?) The estate was divided with the Fürstenberg dynasty . As the ultimate successor to the Zähringer dukes, who died out in 1218, the Counts of Freiburg ruled the city of Freiburg and the Breisgau from the 13th century . The area lies in the Upper Rhine Plain around Freiburg and in the adjacent Black Forest. Until 1368, this dynasty of counts exercised a city rule over Freiburg that was not undisputed until the end. The city councils of Freiburg bought themselves out in 1368. Thereafter, the city of Freiburg, as a Habsburg territorial city in Upper Austria, acquired a manorial territory for its part . She acquired the St. Märgen Monastery in the Black Forest with the Vogtei and the associated village lords and properties.

The relatives of the Counts of Urach, Freiburg and Fürstenberg

After 1368, the Counts of Freiburg ruled only in their possessions south of Freiburg at Neuenstein Castle in Badenweiler . Johann, the last of the Counts of Freiburg, bequeathed his rule of Badenweiler in 1444 to the sons of his nephew, Margrave Wilhelm von Hachberg-Sausenberg , Rudolf and Hugo, who created the Markgräflerland through the amalgamation of the dominions of Rötteln , Sausenberg and Badenweiler .

The Zähringer inheritance

Since it became apparent for a long time that Berthold V. von Zähringen would remain childless, the potential heirs got in position early on:

When dividing the Zähringen heritage, a basic distinction was initially made between

In addition to lordship and high jurisdiction , the inheritance also comprised a variety of individual other rights that could be very different depending on the location.

Reichslehen

The Hohenstaufen King Friedrich II wanted to use the departure of the Zähringian competitors to strengthen his own domestic power and withdrew the imperial fiefs, which was legally possible. However, there was considerable disagreement as to what constituted imperial fiefs and what belonged to the allod. The emperor drew the cities of Freiburg im Breisgau , Villingen , Rheinfelden , Neuenburg am Rhein , Breisach , Offenburg , Ortenberg , Haslach , Zurich , Freiburg im Uechtland , Solothurn and Bern back to the empire. Rheinfelden, Freiburg im Breisgau, Villingen and Neuchâtel were actually allodial goods. In September 1218 there was a meeting in Ulm of the parties interested in the Zähringen legacy, although the Urachers were not directly represented. In the summer of 1219 the clashes led to an open feud between the Urachers and the king. Ultimately, the Urachers received the imperial fiefs again, and a compromise was reached with the Hohenstaufen.

Allodial goods

This included areas

which fell to the Counts of Urach,

such as

  • Areas in today's Switzerland (in the Alemannic as well as the formerly Burgundian part, i.e. western Switzerland) that fell to the Counts of Kyburg.

It seems that the von Urach and von Kyburg families were largely in agreement on the division of the allodial property. The Kyburgers were able to inherit their legacy without much ado, while the Urach met with considerable resistance from the Hohenstaufen.

Wittum

Berthold V. had designated Burgdorf as Wittum , which did not prevent Egino V. von Urach from imprisoning the widow and making claims to Burgdorf. On December 28, 1224, King Heinrich decreed that Clementia should be released immediately and placed in the possession of Burgdorf. Apparently Egino did not follow this. At least this was decided again at the Reichstag in Mainz in August 1235. Nothing is known about the further life of Clementia, and Burgdorf is later found in the possession of the Counts of Kyburg.

List of the Counts of Freiburg

When looking through literature and documents, there is often confusion because the naming and especially the counting of the bearers of a name is not uniform. Partly the census of the Freiburg Egonen already started with Egino IV. Von Urach , who inherited the Zähringer, - partly with his son, Egino V. von Urach, who was the first to really call himself Count of Freiburg. In some cases, the count only starts with his grandchildren. In the case of the Konrads, the non-rulers are also included in the count. The following is an attempt to provide an overview. In literature, the names Egino (also Egno or Egeno) and Egon are used side by side, and it is written Konrad or Conrad .

Surname Alternative names Remarks Life dates Government data
Egino IV. Count of Urach Egino the Bearded; Egino the Elder; Egino I. inherits the Zähringer since he was a brother of Berthold V of Zähringen was * around 1160; † January 12, 1230 1218-1230
Egino V. Count of Urach Egino I. Count of Freiburg; Egino the Younger; Egino II calls himself the first Count of Freiburg; With the support of his brother, Cardinal Bishop Konrad von Urach , he can assert himself against the Hohenstaufen in the dispute over the Zähringer inheritance * around 1185; † 1236/37 1230-1236
Konrad I. Count of Freiburg Division of the inheritance with his brother Heinrich Graf von Fürstenberg * at 1226; † 1271 1236 / 37-1271
Egino II Count of Freiburg Egino III. is deposed by his son as he mortgages and sells the county step by step † 1318 1271-1316
Conrad II. Count of Freiburg has to grant the city of Freiburg further rights due to financial difficulties * before 1316; † July 10, 1350 1316-1350
Friedrich Count of Freiburg further financial difficulties lead to pledges and legal concessions to the city of Freiburg † 1356 1350-1356
Klara Countess of Freiburg Klara Countess Palatine of Tübingen loses the county of Freiburg to her father's half-brother, Egino III. † 1368 1356-1358
Egino III. Count of Freiburg Egino IV. Freiburg bought himself free from him and sought protection from the House of Habsburg † 1385 1358-1368
Conrad III. Count of Freiburg Conrad de Friborg Mr. von Badenweiler; inherits the county of Neuchâtel * 1372; † April 16, 1424 1395–1424 Count of Neuchâtel
Johann Count of Freiburg Jean de Friborg 1444 gives away the rule of Badenweiler to the margraves of Hachberg-Sausenberg * May 26, 1396; † February 19, 1458 1424–1458 Count of Neuchâtel

A son of Eginos II named Heinrich received the southern areas with the rule of Badenweiler in 1272 . The counts from Heinrich's line died out in 1303 without male descendants. Their territory went to the Counts of Strassberg, who were married into this line . The property came in 1385 under Konrad III. to the descendants of the Counts of Freiburg.

coat of arms

After the Zähringer inheritance came about, the Counts of Urach also adopted the Zähringer eagle in their coat of arms to underline their claim to inheritance and power. From their old Urach coat of arms they adopted the blue feh , from which they designed a frame for the eagle. The coat of arms of the sideline of the counts (later princes) of Fürstenberg was further developed over time.

  • Zähringer eagle coat of arms

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Urach

  • Coat of arms of the Counts of Fürstenberg and Freiburg

The strange crest in the form of a snowball twice the size of a head was initially equipped with small spheres - later with scales - which were ultimately left out. Bader suspects a ball densely covered with large white pearls.

See also

literature

Web links

Commons : Grafen von Freiburg  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Heinrich Schreiber: The Last Count of Freiburg, in: Heinrich Schreiber (editor); The folk tales of the city of Freiburg im Breisgau , Freiburg 1867, pp. 35–36  - sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Eduard Karl Heinrich Heyck : History of the dukes of Zähringen , Aalen 1980, reprint of the Freiburg im Breisgau editions 1891–1892, p. 491 ff. Online at the University of Düsseldorf
  2. ↑ s. Bader p. 145
  3. ^ Frederick II did not become emperor until 1220
  4. ↑ s. Heyck p. 486
  5. ↑ s. also Josef Jakob Dambacher : Documents on the history of the Counts of Freiburg from the 13th century . In: Journal for the History of the Upper Rhine , Volume 9, 1858, p. 228
  6. ↑ s. Julius Kindler von Knobloch : Upper Baden gender book , Heidelberg 1894, Volume 1, p. 388 online with family tree
  7. ↑ s. Bader "the Fürstenberg coat of arms ..."; also on the epitaph of Count Egino III. of Freiburg is documented that the Counts of Freiburg also had the coat of arms carried by their Fürstenberg cousins.
  8. ↑ 1848–1913 pastor at St. Martin in Freiburg, received his doctorate in Tübingen in 1865 with a historical treatise on the Counts of Freiburg. He later expanded this work.