Steinamanger County

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The County of Steinamanger (also County of Savaria or County of Sabaria ) was a county of the Bavarian East Country of the Carolingian Age and together with the (much larger) Danube County formed the Franconian-Baier region of Upper Pannonia. It existed from around 825 to 907. After that, the area was conquered by the Magyars .

area

The county around Steinamanger and the Danube county are the first two "territorial counties" of the Baierischen Ostland mentioned in a document, which are not just a mandate area, but already territorially defined administrative units. The old Roman city of Savaria was suburb . The approximate borders of the county were on the rivers Zöbernbach , Güns , Raab / Rabnitzbach , Pinka and Lafnitz . Neighboring domains were the Pannonian Principality in the south and southeast, the County of Carantania in the west and the Danube County in the north. The borders roughly corresponded to those of the later Hungarian county of Eisenburg . The Zöbernbach, which was mentioned before the middle of the 9th century as "rivolus qui vocatur Seuria", takes its name from Savaria. The name of the Lower Austrian village Zöbern is derived from the brook .

Emergence

The area of ​​the county belonged to the Avar Empire until the end of the 8th century . Charlemagne conquered the empire around 800 and then incorporated the area around Savaria into the Franconian Empire . Between 805 and 828 there was the Avar-Khaganat between Carnuntum and Savaria, which was now tributary to the Franks and formed a buffer zone between the Franconian Empire and the Greater Bulgarian Empire . Since the Avar princes were apparently no longer up to this military task, the Bavarian Count Rihheri was presumably commissioned with the administration of the area around Savaria in the south of the Khaganate before 825 , and this was converted into a county based on the Frankish model. In 828 the Avar Khaganate was finally dissolved. The county was first mentioned in a document in 844.

politics

The county was subordinate to the Prefect of the East Land commissioned by the king. The first count was Rihheri , who was appointed at the time of Emperor Louis the Pious . After the overthrow of the magnate Ratpot , the leadership of the eastern prefecture in the person of Prince Karlmann went directly to the Carolingian royal family in 856 . Karlmann set the brothers Wilhelm II and Engelschalk I , who, like Rihheri themselves, were members of the Wilhelminer family, as supervisors of the county.

In the course of the disputes over competence between King Ludwig the German and his son Karlmann, who were loyal to the king, Rihheri was replaced in 860 by Odalrich, a follower of the prince. Odalrich had been established in the Baier leadership elite for some time and was already present in 848 among the highest lords of Bavaria when he donated his previous fiefdoms to Pribina , the prince of the neighboring Pannonian principality, in the royal city of Regensburg .

The king reacted to the son's claims to power by giving away extensive lands in his mandate to the Baier church. These included 20 men in the village of Savariae vadum in the county of Odalrichs, who were bequeathed to the Mattsee monastery as an allod in May 860 . On November 20 of the same year, an "extremely rich" royal donation of goods in the entire Ostland, along with other churches and towns in the county, such as Prostrum and presumably Pinkafeld , and the town of Savaria (Steinamanger) even gave ownership of the Count's seat of the Archbishop of Salzburg. The deed of gift contains the - due to the short term of office of Odalrich - noteworthy note that the donated goods came from the inheritance of the dynast Odalrich and other loyal followers of the king. Count Odalrich, in the role of a royal messenger, had the task of instructing the bishop in his new property.

In 869 Odalrich fought with his army department near Baden on the side of Prince Karlmann against Moravia under their prince Sventopluk . After the death of the Wilhelmine Brothers in the fight against the Moravians in 871, the king once again defied son Karlmann and handed over the management of Upper Pannonia to the Margrave Aribo I , who was a Count Ernst as the last known head of the county, in Steinamanger as Odalrich's successor the page was put. But further successors as Counts of Steinamanger cannot be ruled out.

church

The church history of the Baier Ostland was dominated by the Christianization in the formerly pagan- Avarian regions. Before 830, a presbyter is believed to have been the highest-ranking church official in the county. At the time of Prefect Gerold (II.), King Ludwig the German assigned the county of Steinamanger to the Archdiocese of Salzburg around 830 . The first ecclesiastical leader known here by name was Priest Dominicus , who was given goods in Brunnaron for colonization by King Ludwig the German on September 15, 844 , and who was probably appointed a deacon after his death . The donation in November 860 to the Salzburg bishop significantly strengthened his position and influence in the county.

Especially in the period between 850 and 879 the first churches were built in the county, which are most likely those of Pilgersdorf , Pinkafeld , Meszlen, Kukmirn , Prostrum , St. Rupprecht, Ussitin, Businiza, Savaria , Ablanza and possibly St. Veit acted.

resolution

At the beginning of the 10th century there were serious clashes between the Bavarian Ostland and the Magyars . As early as 894 the Magyars had devastated "all of Pannonia". Was concerned how far the county Szombathely which is as unknown as the answer to the question whether troops of the county in baierischen militia were as in the Battle of Pressburg the Bavarians were defeated on July 4, the 907th The overlord of Steinamanger, Margrave Aribo, in any case most likely did not take part in this battle.

After the Battle of Pressburg at the latest, the Magyars took over power in the county, dissolved the Frankish leadership structure and replaced it with their own administration. Even after the battle on the Lechfeld in 955, when the Magyars had to withdraw from parts of the East, the Lafnitz remained the border river between Hungary and the newly formed Holy Roman Empire . The area of ​​the former county was now in the "border wasteland" of the Hungarian defense system Gyepű and then shared history with western Hungary and later Burgenland .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Herwig Wolfram : Salzburg, Bavaria, Austria. The Conversio Bagoarium et Carantanorum and the sources of their time, Verlag Oldenbourg, Vienna, Munich, Oldenbourg 1996.
  2. ↑ a b Herwig Wolfram: The birth of Central Europe. History of Austria before its creation 378–907, Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau, 1973, ISBN 3-218-00451-9 , p. 277 ff.
  3. ^ A b Alfred Ratz: Development of the parish network and the Carolingian era in the southern Burgenland area, Issue 10 of Burgenland Research, Ed .: Bgld. State Archives, Eisenstadt 1950.
  4. ^ Hellmut Kämpf: The emergence of the German Empire (Germany around 900). Selected articles from the years 1928–1954, Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1976.
  5. ↑ a b RI I n. 1379 (first documented mention of the County of Steinamanger Rihheris) on the Regesta Imperii website .
  6. ↑ Uta von Freeden, Herwig Friesinger, Egon Wamers (ed.): Faith, cult and rule. Phenomena of the Religious. Colloquia on prehistory and early history. Volume 12, Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Archaeological Institute, Frankfurt am Main 2009, ISBN 978-3-7749-3663-8 , p. 400 ff.
  7. ↑ RI I n. 1443 (donation from Ludwig the German to the Mattsee Monastery) on the Regesta Imperii website .
  8. ↑ King Ludwig II donates the mentioned property to the Mattsee Monastery, PDF on the website http://gams.uni-graz.at/collection:stub (document book of Styria).
  9. ^ Document dated November 20, 860: King Ludwig the German donated the city of Steinamanger to the Salzburg church.
  10. ↑ Royal Bavarian Academy of Sciences (ed.): Scholar advertisements. Eleventh volume. Munich 1840, p. 465 ff.
  11. ↑ RI I n. 1444 (gift of the city of Sabaria and Peinihhaa to Archbishop Adalwin) on the Regesta Imperii website.
  12. ↑ Herwig Wolfram: The Hungarians and the Franconian-Bavarian East Country, PDF. ( Memento of the original from February 15, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.europainstitut.hu
  13. ^ Karl Brunner: Duchies and brands. From the Hungarian storm to the 12th century, Ueberreuter Verlag, Vienna, 1994, ISBN 3-8000-3521-9 .
  14. ↑ László Somogyi: The Burgenland Magyars in a geographical perspective. Dissertation, Graz 1966, p. 19 ff.