Grand Ducal Oldenburg State Railways
The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg railway ( GOE ) was used as state railway run railway company of the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg .
Compared to other federal states, the first railway line was built relatively late. In the sparsely populated and economically weak area, railway construction seemed unsustainable for a long time because of the financial burdens. In addition, the neighbors Hanover and Bremen feared Oldenburg competition for their ports. After all, the Oldenburg railway connection came about earlier than the Hamburg-Venloer Bahn .
founding
In 1853 Prussia bought the Heppens area on the west bank of the Jadebusen from the Grand Duchy in order to set up a naval base there, later Wilhelmshaven . It was already agreed in the purchase contract that the naval base should be connected to the railway. The Kingdom of Hanover still had to be crossed between the Oldenburg state territory and Prussia . Some disagreements had to be overcome about the connection of the Oldenburg Railway to the Hanover State Railway either in Hanover state territory or in Bremen , which was already connected to the Hanover State Railway in 1847 , as the three states involved were suspicious of the competitive situation of their seaports. Finally, on February 16, 1864, Prussia and Oldenburg agreed that the construction costs and ownership of the line from Heppens to the city of Oldenburg should lie with the Prussian state, but the operation with the Oldenburg state, as well as sovereignty over the greater part of the line within the boundaries of the Grand Duchy . On March 8, 1864, Oldenburg and Bremen agreed that Oldenburg would build the line from its capital to Bremen-Neustadt station without a detour via Brake , while Bremen would build the connection from the Bremen station of the Hanover State Railroad over the new Weser bridge to Bremen-Neustadt. Oldenburg was supposed to carry out the operation, paying usage fees to Bremen.
The Grand Ducal Railway Commission established in 1864 was transferred to the Grand Ducal Railway Directorate in Oldenburg on April 1, 1867 .
Track openings
- On November 17, 1866, the first section of the Bremen – Oldenburg railway line between Oldenburg Centralbahnhof and Delmenhorst was opened, and on July 14, 1867 it was opened to Bremen and the line from Oldenburg to Heppens (today: Wilhelmshaven) opened. Regular operation on the latter was not started until September 3, 1867.
- In 1869 the east-west connection was continued by the Oldenburg – Leer railway line to the now Prussian Leer with a connection to the Hanover Western Railway . In 1876 the line from Ihrhove to Nieuweschans followed with a connection to the Dutch Railways .
- In 1871 the city of Jever was opened up by a branch line that branched off in Sande from the one to Wilhelmshaven. This route was later extended to the north ( East Frisian Coast Railway ).
- From Hude (west of Delmenhorst) a line was built to the Oldenburg Weser ports north of the Hunte, which reached Brake in 1873 and Nordenham in 1875. In 1904 the line was extended by a further 7 km to Blexen , with a connection to the Weser ferry Blexen - Bremerhaven .
- The connection between the Grand Duchy and the Ruhr area was shortened by the southern railway in the direction of Osnabrück , which opened in 1876 and ran from the city of Oldenburg via Quakenbrück to Eversburg on the Osnabrück – Rheine line.
- In 1888 a railway branching off the Osnabrück line was opened from Ahlhorn via Vechta to Lohne , the southern section of which merged into the line from Delmenhorst to Hesepe (in the direction of Osnabrück) built between 1898 and 1900.
- Between 1893 and 1896 the Varel branch lines were built to develop the Frisian Wehde west of Varels , as well as the Ellenserdamm - Ocholt line.
- In 1896 a direct connection was opened from the state capital Oldenburg to Brake .
- In 1897, the Jever – Harle railway line, opened in 1888 as the Jever-Carolinensieler Railway , was taken over by the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Railway. At the same time, she also took over the shipping traffic to Wangerooge and set up the narrow-gauge Wangeroog island railway from the pier to the town .
- Between 1906 and 1908, the line from Ocholt via Friesoythe to Cloppenburg was built to develop the villages south-west of Oldenburg .
- In 1913, a cross-connection between Varel (on the route to Wilhelmshaven) and Rodenkirchen (on the Unterweser) was created on the southern edge of the Jadebusen .
End of independence
In compliance with the provisions of the Weimar Constitution of August 11, 1919, the State Treaty establishing the Deutsche Reichseisenbahnen (RGBl. 1920 I, p. 773) came into force on April 1, 1920, making the former state railways subject to the sovereignty of the German Empire . The Oldenburg railway workers were distributed to the Reichsbahndirektion Hannover , Hamburg and Münster (Westf) after the dissolution of the railway directorate in Oldenburg . In 1935 a monument was erected in Münster for the immigrant Oldenburg railway workers.
Technical features
Until 1875, all of the Oldenburg locomotives were heated with peat. For this they had tenders with a roof.
Apart from the two-axle T 0 omnibus locomotive, none of the machines procured before 1896 had running axles .
See also
literature
- Hans-Jürgen Gaida: Steam between Weser and Ems. The history of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Railway. Motorbuch-Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-87943-614-2 .
- Federal Railway Directorate Hanover (Ed.), Helmut Kranz (Red.): 140 years of the Hanover Railway Directorate 1843–1983. Hanover 1983 (without ISBN).
- Karl Julius Harder, Hans Kobschätzky: The Grand Ducal State Railways in Mecklenburg and Oldenburg. Your story, locomotives and wagons in words and pictures. Franckh-Verlag, Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-440-04570-6 .
- Peter Löffler: The railway in Oldenburg. Railway history in the former state of Oldenburg. EK-Verlag, Freiburg 1999, ISBN 3-88255-683-8 .
- Gerold Schmidt: The monument Oldenburg railway workers in Münster. In: Der Oldenburgische Hauskalender , Volume 174 (2000), ZDB -ID 2001160-X , pp. 70-73.
- Richard Schlarmann: Railway history in the Oldenburger Münsterland from the GOE to the NordWestBahn - an overview . In: train by train. Railway as the engine for economic development in the region . Lohne, Oldenburg 2015, ISBN 3-945579-01-5 , pp. 19–32.
- Dieter Ostendorf: Railway buildings of the Grand Ducal Oldenburg Railway Administration (GOE) in the region - from the “city gate of modernity” to ruin? In: train by train. Railway as the engine for economic development in the region . Lohne, Oldenburg 2015, ISBN 3-945579-01-5 , pp. 51-64.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Reich Law Gazette 95/1920: State Treaty on Transfer of State Railways for the kingdom. In: Reichs-Gesetzblatt - Part I , year 1920, pp. 773–804. (Online at ANNO ). .
- ↑ www.laenderbahn.info - Oldenburg - 1867: Locomotive for mixed service, G1 (BL), class 51.70