Gundermann (genus)

Gundermann
	Gundermann ( Glechoma hederacea )
Systematics
Order :	Mint family (Lamiales)
Family :	Mint family (Lamiaceae)
Subfamily :	Nepetoideae
Tribe :	Mentheae
Sub tribus :	Nepetinae
Genre :	Gundermann
Scientific name
	Glechoma
	L.

Gundermann ( Glechoma ), also ivy called, is a genus within the family of the mint (Lamiaceae). The eight or so species are native to Eurasia .

description

Zygomorphic flower in detail of Gundermann ( Glechoma hederacea )

Habit of Gundermann ( Glechoma hederacea )

Illustration from Bilder ur Nordens Flora , Stockholm des Gundermann ( Glechoma hederacea )

Vegetative characteristics

The Gundermann species are perennial herbaceous plants . There are offshoots formed. The mostly square stems are prostrate to ascending.

The opposite leaves arranged on the stem are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The leaf stalks are usually relatively long. The simple leaf blades are heart-shaped to elliptical, also slightly kidney-shaped with a heart-shaped blade base. The leaf margin is notched or serrated.

Generative characteristics

Glechoma styles are gynodiözisch or gynomonözisch . Two to six, rarely more, flowers are grouped in pseudo whorls in leaf axils.

The mostly hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals fused tubular to bell-shaped. The calyx tube is slightly curved near the throat. The weakly two-lipped calyx has 15 nerves; The upper lip is three- and the lower lip is bidentate. The crown is longer than the chalice. The five petals are fused Roehrig. The blue-violet crown is zygomorphic and widened in the upper area and has two lips. The corolla-tube is straight, greatly enlarged towards the front and has no hairline inside. The straight upper lip is flat and edged or bilobed. The outstretched lower lip is three-lobed with a large central lobe that is edged and bearded. Of the four fertile stamens , two are longer and two are shorter, and all of them are shorter than the crown. The stamens are bare. The two elongated halves of the anthers spread apart, approach in pairs and form a cross. The upper ovary is bare. The slim stylus is longer than the upper lip of the crown and ends in two almost equal stylus branches.

The Klausen fruit breaks down into four Klausen. The dark brown Klausen are oblong-egg-shaped, smooth or indented-dotted and bare.

ecology

From an ecological point of view, it is lip flowers with nectar . Glechoma species are proterandric . The pollination occurs mainly by bumblebees .

The vegetative spread occurs via runners ( stolons ). The partial fruits are spread by glue spreading ( epizoochory ). The partial fruits are also carried away by ants, but do not have an elaiosome , but a mucous pericarp .

Systematics and distribution

The genus Glechoma was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné , with the designation "Glecoma". The generic name Glechoma is derived from the Greek glechon , which was used to designate the Polei mint ( Mentha pulegium ). The name was transferred to this genus by Linnaeus, the reasons are not clear.

Synonyms for Glechoma L. are: Chamaecissos Lunell , Chamaeclema Moench , Glechonion St.-Lag. , Meehaniopsis Kudô .

The genus Glechoma belongs to the subtribe Nepetinae from the tribe Mentheae in the subfamily Nepetoideae within the family Lamiaceae .

The genus Glechoma is common in Eurasia . There are five types in China . They are cultivated in the New World . In Europe and also in Central Europe, the three species Gundermann ( Glechoma hederacea ), long-haired Gundelrebe ( Glechoma hirsuta ), Sardinian Gundelrebe ( Glechoma sardoa ) and a nature hybrid occur.

Long-haired Gundelrebe ( Glechoma hirsuta )

There are about eight Glechoma typologies:

Glechoma biondiana (Diels) CYWu & C.Chen (Syn .: Dracocephalum biondianum Diels , Meehaniopsis biondiana (Diels) Kudô ): The three varieties thrive on fertile, moist forest edges and along rivers at altitudes of 1000 to 2200 meters in the Chinese provinces Gansu , Hebei , Henan , Hubei , Shaanxi and Sichuan .
- Glechoma biondiana var. Angustituba C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : It occurs in Hubei and Sichuan.
- Glechoma biondiana var. Biondiana : It occurs in Shaanxi.
- Glechoma biondiana var. Glabrescens C.Y.Wu & C.Chen : It occurs in north-central and south-east China.
Glechoma grandis (A. Gray) Kuprian. : It occurs only in Japan , Taiwan and the Chinese province of Jiangsu .
Gundermann , Echt-Gundelrebe ( Glechoma hederacea L. ): It is distributed from Europe to the Asian part of Russia and to the Chinese Xinjiang (only in Gongliu County ).
Long-haired Gundelrebe ( Glechoma hirsuta Waldst. & Kit. ): It is widespread from eastern Central Europe to Southeastern Europe. The north-west border of the area runs through South Tyrol, South and East Austria and Moravia.

Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian. : It is common in Russia, Korea and China. It is used as a medicinal plant in China.

Glechoma × pannonica Borbás (= Glechoma hederacea × Glechoma hirsuta ): This nature hybrid occurs in Hungary , in the Baltic States , in the European part of Russia and in the Ukraine .

Sardinian Gundelrebe ( Glechoma sardoa ( Bég. ) Bég. , Syn .: Glechoma hederacea var. Sardoa Bég. ): It occurs in Sardinia and perhaps also in Corsica.

Glechoma sinograndis C.Y.Wu : It thrives in damp mixed forests along rivers at altitudes of 2000 to 3000 meters only in the Chinese province of Yunnan . It is used as a medicinal plant in China.

Web links

Commons : Gundermann ( Glechoma ) - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Glechoma , p. 118 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .
↑ Glechoma at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 24, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b Data from the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: data sheet at Euro + Med PlantBase , last accessed on January 20, 2018
↑ ^a ^b ^c Glechoma in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 25, 2014.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glechoma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2019.
^ Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
^ Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Map with all linked sites: OSM | WikiMap

[FoC-1] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r Xi-wen Li, Ian C. Hedge: Lamiaceae. : Glechoma , p. 118 - same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X .

[Tropicos-2] Glechoma at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed March 24, 2014.

[Euro+Med-3] Data from the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2010), © The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: data sheet at Euro + Med PlantBase , last accessed on January 20, 2018

[GRIN-4] Glechoma in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved March 25, 2014.

[WCSP-5] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Glechoma. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved January 4, 2019.

[ExFlÖLS2008-6] Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .

[Schmeil-FitschenCD-ROM2002-7] Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. CD-ROM, Version 1.1, Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .