Gustav Sack

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Gustav Sack, 1916
Signature Gustav Sack.JPG
Handwriting by Gustav Sack, 1916
St. George's Church in Schermbeck

Gustav Sack (born October 28, 1885 in Schermbeck , † December 5, 1916 at Finta Mare , Romania ) was a German writer , poet and playwright . His works have also been published under the pseudonym Ernst Schahr.

Life

Origin and parental home

Gustav Sack was born on October 28, 1885 as the son of the elementary school teacher Ernst Sack in Schermbeck near Wesel on the Lower Rhine . The house where he was born stood in the center of the village with almost 1000 inhabitants in the border district of Rhineland-Westphalia, on today's Mittelstrasse. Gustav Sack spoke about Schermbeck in several places in his work "A stray student":

“In a shallow basin on the Lower Rhine, between wooded and heathery heights, there is a village whose signature is a short, clunky brick church tower and whose main street is called Mittelstraße, which is accompanied on both sides by Kaffeestraße and Kirchstraße and is connected to them through several little streets, the official names of which can only be heard in the local history lessons at the school; later they are forgotten and the streets are named after some sort of prominent local resident.
The residents, however, tend a little towards cretinism and have a peculiar malicious and biting joke ahead of their neighbors - otherwise they live their day like them and know nothing of the transcendent ideality of time, the negation of the will, the pathos of distance and would be as happy as their cattle, if they didn't have the malicious joke and were so inveterate in the image of their god. "

Erich Schmidt, the older student and eponymous hero of the novel, does not want anyone to get near him and is “therefore [...] just a grateful object for his wry-mouthed joke to his fellow citizens . [...] Workers, peasant sons and artisans who had drunk their little property and gambled away and now earned their bread in the pits of the nearby industrial district, met him on their way to the train station, looked after him and made their comments about him, like he walked along dirty and drenched. - He said he was in the forest all night? He was drunk in the ditch, he fell headlong into the dung while climbing the window! "

Ernst Sack, the father, had come to Schermbeck in the Rhineland from East Prussia. As a teacher at the Protestant elementary school Schermbeck, he met the teacher Johanna Eickhoff, his future wife. Although the lost student , Gustav Sack's first novel, “was written at a particularly critical time for Gustav Sack, there is no reproach for his father. It must be noted that during the years 1909 to 1913, the years of creation and the period of maturity of the book, the father-son conflict in literary expressionism was radically dealt with. ”His relationship to his father can only be read in a few places in his work. Sack reports that his father taught him to swim and that he roamed the meadows with him. “But nowhere is the mother mentioned, Johanna Sack, née Eickhoff, came from an old pastor and military family. There is a relationship with the Bonins and other Prussian noble families . As a teacher from the Mark Brandenburg, she married Ernst Sack in Schermbeck. ”In a letter dated January 22, 1965, Paula Sack describes her mother as a highly intelligent woman, and we know from Hans W. Fischer that she created a home atmosphere , in which Gustav Sack enjoyed extensive privacy.

Education

Gustav Sack attended grammar school in Wesel and began his studies in Greifswald in 1906 . He then went to Münster and Halle and later back to Münster. At the beginning he studied German , later natural sciences, especially biology . In 1910 he finished his studies without a degree and then did his military service with the Fusilier Regiment 90 . In 1913 he went to Munich and tried in vain to gain recognition as a writer. In Münster, Sack became a member of the Rhenania country team and in Greifswald of the Cimbria gymnastics club .

First World War

In July 1914 he married Paula Harbeck. When the war started in 1914, Sack was in Switzerland. In September 1914 he returned to Germany and was drafted. Sack initially served on the Western Front ( Somme ). During this time, novelistic sketches such as From the diary of a refractory or Behind the Front were created . In November 1916 he was on the Romanian front and put together a collection of materials for the book In Chains Through Romania . Sack fell on December 5, 1916 at Finta Mare southwest of Ploiesti as a lieutenant in the reserve.

Post fame

Sack owes his fame to the commitment of his wife Paula. Shortly after his death, his work was printed for the first time, caused a brief interest in the literature business, and was highly praised by authors as diverse as Erich Maria Remarque , Ernst Jünger , Thomas Mann and Theodor W. Adorno . He is considered one of the most important representatives of Expressionist literature in the early phase of the 20th century. His estate is in the German Literature Archive in Marbach. Parts of it can be seen in the Museum of Modern Literature in Marbach.

Works

  • A lost student. Roman, S. Fischer, Berlin 1917.
  • A nameless one. Roman, S. Fischer, Berlin 1919.
  • Collected works in two volumes. S. Fischer, Berlin 1920.
  • Paralysis. The refractory. Fink, Munich 1971.
  • Gustav Sack. An introduction to his work and a selection. , (Series 'Lost and Forgotten'), ed. by Hans Harbeck, Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1958.
  • The three riders. Poems 1913 to 1914 , Ellermann, Hamburg and Munich 1958.
  • Prose. Letters. Verses. Langen-Müller-Verlag, Munich and Vienna 1962.
  • Gustav-Sack-Reader. Compiled and provided with an afterword by Walter Gödden (= Nylands Kleine Westfälische Bibliothek; 2), Cologne 2002.
  • Collected Works. Edited by Walter Gödden and Steffen Stadthaus. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2011, ISBN 978-3-89528-856-2 .
  • Gustav Sack (= Versensporn - booklet for lyrical charms No. 35). Edited by Tom Riebe. Edition Poesie Schmeckt Gut, Jena 2019 (100 copies).

literature

  • Hans Benzmann: Gustav Sack . In: The beautiful literature. Supplement to the Central Literary Journal for Germany. 23rd year Leipzig, 1922. No. 12 (June 10, 1922). [3 pp.].
  • Kurt Bock: A nameless one. Novel . In: The individual. Semi-monthly publication for politics, economics, art. Edited by Albert Zimmermann. Charlottenburg 1919. H. 1. P. 187.
  • Kurt Bock: Gustav Sack . In: The individual. Semi-monthly publication for politics, economics, art. Edited by Albert Zimmermann. Charlottenburg 1919. H. 2. pp. 55-58.
  • Kurt Bock: Gustav Sack: A nameless person. Novel . In: The new book show. Born 1919. Munich 1919. H. 4. P. 19.
  • Kurt Bock: Gustav Sack. A nameless one. Novel . In: Leaves for Art. Constance 1919. p. 9.
  • Hans Peter Buohler: [Art.] Sack, Gustav. In: Literature Lexicon. Authors and works from the German-speaking cultural area. Lim. by Walther Killy, ed. by Wilhelm Kühlmann (among others). Second, completely revised. Edition. Volume 10. Berlin and New York: de Gruyter, 2011, ISBN 978-3-11-022042-1 , pp. 151–152.
  • Franz Theodor Csokor : A lost student. Novel by Gustav Sack . In: Donauland. Illustrated monthly magazine. Vienna 1917/18. P. 761.
  • Karl Eibl : The language skepticism in Gustav Sack's work . Wilhelm Fink, Munich 1970.
  • Walter Gödden, Steffen Stadthaus: Gustav Sack - a lost student. Enfant terrible and myth of modernity . [Accompanying volume for the exhibition of the same name in the Museum for Westphalian Literature, Haus Nottbeck, August 27, 2010 - January 9, 2011]. Aisthesis, Bielefeld 2010, ISBN 978-3-89528-816-6 .
  • Walter Gruber: Gustav Sack. Protocol of excess. The short life of a German poet . 1990, ISBN 3-927792-19-5 .
  • Wolfram von Hanstein: Gustav Sack. A nameless one. Novel . In: The new art. 1st year Berlin: Leydhecker & Co., 11919. H. 11. S. 15.
  • Hans Harbeck : Gustav Sack † . In March. A weekly journal. Founded by Albert Langen. 11th year Berlin, Munich, 1917. H. 4. pp. 78-80.
  • Hans Harbeck: Gustav Sack. An introduction to his work and a selection of publications: Lost and Forgotten. (= Academy of Sciences and Literature). Franz Steiner, Wiesbaden 1958.
  • Hanns Johst : A new romantic . In: The literary echo . Vol. 19. 1916/17. Columns 1368-1370.
  • Friedrich Georg Jünger : Gustav Sack . In: The Unforgettable. Berlin 1928. pp. 287-301.
  • Erik Krünes: Gustav Sack's life's work . In: The literary echo. 23rd year Berlin 1921. Columns 713–716.
  • Marcel Reich-Ranicki (ed.): The canon . Stories. German literature. Volume 7. Robert Musil to Franz Werfel . Insel, Frankfurt am Main 2003, ISBN 3-458-06760-4
  • Paula Sack: The lost student. Gustav Sack - archive report . Munich: Wilhelm Fink Verlag, 1971. 391 pp.
  • Helmut Scheffler: Gustav Sack. Expressionist poet born 100 years ago in Schermbeck . In: The Lower Rhine. Journal of homeland care and hiking. 52nd year Verein Linker Niederrhein , Krefeld 1985, no. 4, pp. 218-223
  • Helmut Scheffler: Gustav Sack. 1885-1916. Life and work of the Schermbeck poet in the mirror of literature . Vol. 1. Schermbeck: Self-published by the author, 1985. [314 pp.].
  • Helmut Scheffler: Gustav Sack. 1885-1916. Life and work of the Schermbeck poet in the mirror of literature . Vol. 2. Schermbeck: Self-published by the author, 1991. 272 ​​pp.
  • Helmut Scheffler:  Sack, Gustav Mathias. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 341 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Hans J. Schütz: The lost student. Outsiders and civil fright out of desperation and anger . In: Börsenblatt for the German book trade. 41st year Frankfurt edition. August 27, 1985.
  • Joachim Schulz-Marzin: Out of the Sack-Alley. For the hundredth birthday of Gustav Sack from Schermbeck . In: Heimatkalender Kreis Wesel 1985. Published by the Wesel district. 6th vol. Kleve: Boss-Verlag, 1984. pp. 31-35.
  • Heinz Stolz: A nameless man. Novel. By Gustav Sack . In: The literary echo. Semi-monthly publication for lovers of literature. Edited by Ernst Heilborn . 21st year Berlin 1918/19. Columns 1330-1331.
  • Dieter Sudhoff : The literary modernity and Westphalia. Visiting a neglected cultural landscape. (= Publications of the literature commission for Westphalia; 3). Bielefeld 2002, pp. 95-136.
  • Claus Vogelsang: "Everything is kitsch, but everything is true". About the writer Gustav Sack (1885–1916) . Manuscript of a radio broadcast from February 17, 1993. WDR III, 21st – 9.45pm. Cologne: WDR, 1993. 27 pp.
  • Franz Georg Wansch: Gustav Sack. Personality and work . Dissertation, Vienna 1967.

Web links

Wikisource: Gustav Sack  - Sources and full texts
Commons : Gustav Sack  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Gustav Sack: A lost student . Novel. S. Fischer, Berlin 1917. pp. 25-26, projekt-gutenberg.org
  2. ↑ Gustav Sack: A lost student . Novel. S. Fischer, Berlin 1917, p 31- 32
  3. ^ Franz-Georg Wansch: Gustav Sack: Personality and Work . Dissertation. Vienna 1967. p. 4.
  4. ^ Franz-Georg Wansch: Gustav Sack: Personality and Work . Dissertation. Vienna 1967. p. 14.
  5. ↑ Bayerisches Hauptstaatsarchiv IV , war log roll No. 11617 (2nd Jägerbataillon / 4th company)
  6. ^ An anti-hero from Schermbeck in: NRZ ( Neue Rhein Zeitung ), vol. 64, no. 46 of February 24, 2010, features section
personal data
SURNAME Sack, Gustav
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Schahr, Ernst (pseudonym)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German writer, lyric poet and playwright
DATE OF BIRTH October 28, 1885
PLACE OF BIRTH Schermbeck
DATE OF DEATH December 5, 1916
Place of death Finta Mare, Romania