Borstel manor house

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Garden facade of the Borstler manor house

The Good Borstel is located in Borstel , about 30 kilometers north of Hamburg and approximately 13 kilometers south of Bad Segeberg in Segeberg in the country Schleswig-Holstein . It was cultivated for centuries until the urban sprawl in 1933/38. The manor house of the former noble estate Borstel is one of the few rococo buildings in the country. Today it is owned by the Borstel Research Center . The garden, which was originally laid out as a baroque garden and later converted into a landscape garden, has been preserved in its basic structure, was once one of the most important facilities of this type in Schleswig-Holstein and is open to visitors as a natural and cultural monument.

The history of the Borstel estate

Origin, size and development of the property

It is not known, since when the material Borstel in extension with the villages Sülfeld , Seth and Oering together with Grabau and Kayhude (later Borsteler area) on the one hand and with the Good Jersbek and villages Barg field , Elmenhorst and Nienwohld , the farm lands , the Meierhöfen Wulksfelde with Rade and Mönkenbrook (later Jersbeker area) on the other hand. Bock lists the first mentions of the individual "villages and desolations, estates and farms", criticizes some of Laur's time assignments and assigns Borstel, Sülfeld and Itzstedt of the von Borstel family, the village of Seth and the estate for the period from around 1250 to around 1350 Stegen to the von Hagen family, the villages of Bargfeld, Elmenhorst and Nienwohld and the Stegen estate to the Hummersbutle family. The village of Wulksfelde was sold to Marquard von Bockwolde on Borstel by the Hamburg cathedral chapter in 1537.

Grave slab of Jasper von Buchwaldt in Altenkrempe

The construction of the Alster-Beste Canal in the 15th and 16th centuries cut up the land.

The Borstel estate, which was around 12,000 hectares in size in the 16th century, had been inherited from the noble families von Borstel (de) and Hummersbutle (Hummersbüttel) to the von Bockwolde family (later "von Bougwald" or "von Buchwaldt" ). The "Gut" Jersbek also belonged to Gut Borstel, which at least at the end of the 16th century existed as a noble property complex under state law, but belonged to Gut Borstel, since Jasper von Buchwaldt wrote a letter to Herzog from Gerisbecke [Jersbek] on January 30, 1568 Franz I von Sachsen-Lauenburg wrote and was named on his grave slab in the basilica Altenkrempe / Ostholstein as the hereditary lord of Jersbek.

Jasper of Buchwaldts death on February 24, 1587 at Gut Borstel and the oldest son, Henry created under his widow and his three sons Claus, Hans and Johann the one hand, the other hand on his father's estate disputes, as a result of which, after through the mediation of their relatives Heinrich Rantzau a Comparison had come about, the until then always united in one hand goods Borstel and Jersbek were shared.

This significant inheritance contract dated December 6, 1588 is in the original in the estate archives Borstel and Jersbek in the Schleswig-Holstein State Archives , Schleswig. Because the inheritance was divided by lot, the youngest son Johann von Buchwaldt, who has not written himself from Bockwolde since then, became the first landlord (1588–1621) of the now divided Borstel estate. At that time it consisted of the Borstel farm with the villages of Grabau, Oering, Seth and Sülfeld and the “Santkrug” (later called Alter Heidkrug Kayhude ) as well as some farms in the area.

The Borstel estate was sold to Otto von Buchwaldt ad H. Jersbek for 70,000 Reichstaler in 1631 and to Matthias (Matthijs) Ooster junior in 1798 . for 314,000 Reichstaler, sold in 1801 to Joachim Christoph Janisch and in 1803 to Demetrius Graf de Wuits for originally 510,000 Reichstaler. The Borstel estate was auctioned on March 19, 1806 by Cay Lorenz Freiherr von Brockdorff from the bankruptcy of Count de Wuits for 200,000 Reichstaler, and on February 1, 1839 to Joseph Graf von Baudissin senior. for 350,000 Reichstaler and sold in 1930 to Friedrich Bölck for 1.5 million marks. Already in 1932 Bölck sold Gut Borstel - with the retention of the manor house Borstel, the children's home, the pond, the nursery and some woods (fourth, garden wood and wild paddock) with forestry - to the Siedlungsgesellschaft Bauernland AG, Berlin, which owns the land resold to settlers in the years 1932 to 1938, so that Borstel ceased to be an estate. In 1938, Bölck sold his remaining holdings from the former Gut Borstel.

Hardly any other time brought so many drastic changes for the Schleswig-Holstein estates as the 19th century, namely the abolition of serfdom (1805), abolition of patrimonial jurisdiction , abolition of church patronage , dissolution of aristocratic property districts, creation of rural communities and replacement of real burdens . For the Schleswig-Holstein estates, the 20th century was marked by the elimination of school patronage, the dissolution of the estate districts and expropriation according to the Schleswig-Holstein settlement law.

Estate management

The aristocratic estate Borstel belonged to the Itzehoer estate district. The landowners were privileged and led a life of their own in the Duchy of Holstein. As a small "state within the state", the landlord exercised not only his own (lower) land jurisdiction (patrimonial jurisdiction) over his landlords until the separation of court and administration after 1864, but also the entire (official) court, regulatory, police and Social affairs.

Until 1797, before the end of serfdom (December 31, 1804), the farm fields in Borstel and Holm were cultivated with the help of manual and span services, namely the labor of the farmhands and maids of the hoofers and carts of serf subjects (“partial business economy”), and then of farmhands and day laborers. The manual services included field work and gardening, road improvements, burial (drainage), building demolition and construction, cleaning of the mill ditch and the Sülfeld church well. The tensioning services consisted of working with the team of horses during plowing, sowing and harvesting, but also of freight, (construction) timber, peat, hunting and (in September) fishing, carriage rides and pre-tensioning services. The Meierhof Holm and the main farm Borstel have been leased to a tenant since May 1, 1808 and May 1, 1849, respectively. In addition, leases of herds of cows to Dutch people can be found at Gut Borstel since at least the end of the 17th century .

The serfs farmed the farm fields made available to them by the lordship with employed servants and maids. In November 1797, Joachim Friedrich Graf von Bernstorff concluded temporary and tenant contracts with all the Hufnern in the villages of Oering, Seth and Sülfeld, and thus abolished serfdom and servicing seven years before the official revocation. Cay Lorenz Freiherr von Brockdorff completed with all Gutsbewohnern from May 1, 1808 Time leases / extended by Joseph Graf von Baudissin in the May 1, 1849 Annual lease contracts have been converted. By the real loads -Ablösegesetz of 3 January 1873, the leaseholder were (but not the time tenants) owners, who then held the annual lease a temporary pension of 50 years - had to pay - payable to the Stettin Rentenbank. The landlord received due to the real burden transfer law with 4% pa interest-bearing annuity letters in a total amount of nominal 904,815.00 marks, which corresponds to a value of only 251,338 Reichstalers.

Borstel lords

The lords of the Borstel estate were:

Borstel family

  • Heinricus de Borstelde, around 1258
  • Bertoldus de Borstelde, around 1259
  • Christoforus von Borstel, around 1288 - around 1300
  • Luder von Borstel, around 1321-1352
  • Luder von Borstel, around 1353

Family von Hummersbutle (Hummelsbüttel)

  • Hartwich III. Hummersbutle, squire, around 1336 - around 1380 (∞ with Adelheid von Borstelde)
  • Johann IV Hummersbutle, around 1380 - before 1396
  • Hartwich IV. Hummersbutle, squire, around 1380–1394
  • Johann V. Hummersbutle, around 1418 - around 1445
  • Hartwich V. Hummersbutle, squire, around 1446 - around 1468

Family von Bockwolde (Buchwaldt) ad H. Sierhagen

  • Detlev von Bockwolde the Elder Ä., * 1429 - † December 24, 1487 Sierhagen (∞ with Magdalena von Hummersbüttel)
  • Detlev von Bockwolde the Elder J., † February 17, 1500 in the Battle of Hemmingstedt
  • Marquard von Bockwolde, † 1545
  • Jasper von Bockwolde, * approx. March 1519 - † February 24, 1587, buried in the church in Altenkrempe / Neustadt
  • Johann von Buchwaldt, * probably 1567 - † 1621
  • Marquard von Buchwaldt, † 1626

The von Buchwaldt family from H. Jersbek

  • Otto von Buchwaldt, * probably 1596 - † 1635
  • Hans Adolph von Buchwaldt zu Borstel, Grabau and Troiburg, born November 28, 1631 - † October 2, 1679 Hamburg
  • Otto Friedrich von Buchwaldt, * August 17, 1661 - † December 18, 1739
  • Friedrich von Buchwaldt, born November 14, 1697 - † August 16, 1761 in Preetz

Bernstorff family

Individual lords

Baudissin's family

  • Joseph Franz Christian Graf von Baudissin, born January 9, 1797 Knoop - † April 5, 1871 Borstel
  • Adelbert Heinrich Ernst Graf von Baudissin , born January 12, 1821 in Projenstorf near Kiel - † August 9, 1875 Gersau / Switzerland
  • Joseph Ernst Adolf Graf von Baudissin, * November 4, 1861 Glückstadt - † April 11, 1940 Kiel

The last Borsteler squire

  • Friedrich Bölck , born July 16, 1877 in Oldenburg i. H. and baptized in Lensahn on August 5, 1877 - † September 27, 1940 Car accident near the Süseler Moor south-east of Eutin

Buildings

Courtyard view of the manor house

The mansion

Today's Borsteler Herrenhaus is the successor to a manor house that was destroyed by fire in another location in 1737. The construction was initiated by Friedrich von Buchwaldt in 1743. The client was one of the leading politicians in the country during the so-called grand ducal era , when the ducal shares of Holstein were ruled from Russia. The mansion was completed in 1751; this year can also be found in the portal.

Inscription above the portal of the manor house: HAS AEDES EXSTRVXIT / FRIDERICVS DE BVCHWALD / M [agnus]. R [ussia]. PR [inceps]. SLESW [ig]. AC. HOLS [atia]. DVCIS. CONS [ilium]. INT [imus] / ORD [o]. ST. ANNÆ. EQV [is]. CŒN [obium]. PRETZ. PRÆP [ositus]. / DOM [us]. PRÆD [dium]. BORSTELL. ET. TROYBVRG / ANNO 1751 (This house was built by Friedrich von Buchwaldt, the Grand Duke of Russia, Duke of Schleswig and Holstein, Privy Councilor, Knight of the Order of St. Anne, Probst of the Preetz Monastery, Lord of the Borstel and Troiburg estates, in 1751) .

Inscription above the entrance

The manor house was given castle-like dimensions and is one of the largest buildings of its kind and time in the country. Johann Christian Böhme is assumed to be the master builder . The broad front of the fifteen-axle house can still be assigned to the Baroque style. The fine decorations on the courtyard and garden side, as well as the original furnishings of the interiors, however, already belong to the Rococo, a style that is relatively seldom found in the less courtly and more rural Schleswig-Holstein.

The courtyard side of the house is emphasized by two polygonal risalits , the center of the building by a narrow, pilaster-framed portal. In addition, the facade is framed here by two smaller farm buildings that together create an open courtyard . The interior rooms on the courtyard side are arranged in a baroque style in an enfilade . The garden facade is defined by a central pavilion-like risalit, the interior of which is taken up by the large garden room. This rococo hall was built in the course of the 19th century in the classicism style with relief copies by the Danish sculptor Bertel Thorvaldsen on one of the two fireplace aprons (three graces with singing Cupid) on the walls (four seasons and hunting scenes) and above the two doors as a supraport (Cupid with the lion and the dance of the muses on the Helikon Mountains), but parts of the older decorations have been preserved.

In 1930 Friedrich Bölck converted the manor house into a children's rest home. From then on it had an eventful history, including from 1938 as a district school III of the RAD ( Reich Labor Service ) for young women and after the bomb attack on Hamburg in the summer of 1943 and in the period after the Second World War as a reception camp for refugees and as accommodation for 500 Poles "who worked for farmers in the area during the war."

Since 1947, the remainder of the Borstel estate has been the seat of the Borstel Research Center, which was founded by the State of Schleswig-Holstein and converted into a foundation in 1963, and the associated research clinic. The manor house has served the research center as a library and conference center since 1947. In 1992 massive mold and fungus infestation was found. The building had to be completely renovated in the 21st century. The renovation work cost almost 7 million euros and has now been completed. On June 15, 2007, it was handed over to its new use as a knowledge, culture and communication center with a ceremony.

Main courtyard and park

Only a few buildings remain from the former Borstel estate; the extensive estate is now largely occupied by functional buildings used by the clinic. Only the courtyard facade of the manor house is delimited by two cavalier houses , which give an idea of ​​the former court of honor. The manor house is surrounded by an extensive landscaped park that emerged from an earlier baroque garden . The park is open to visitors.

literature

  • Günther Bock: Church and Society. From the history of the parish of Sülfeld from 1207 to 1684. Sülfeld 2007.
  • Helmut Behrens: The renovation of the Borstel manor. From laboratory to knowledge and communication center. In: DenkMal !, Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein , ISSN  0946-4549 , 15/2008, pp. 67–70.
  • Dehio-Handbuch der Deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. 3rd revised and updated edition, Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-422-03120-3 , p. 196 f.
  • Eva von Engelberg-Dočkal: Culture Map Schleswig-Holstein. Discover culture a thousand times. 2nd edition, Wachholtz-Verlag, Neumünster 2005, ISBN 3-529-08006-3 .
  • Peter Hirschfeld: Mansions and castles in Schleswig-Holstein. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1980, ISBN 978-3-422-00712-3 .
  • Reinhardt Hootz (ed.): German art monuments. A picture manual. Part 1: Hamburg, Schleswig-Holstein. 3rd revised edition, Munich 1990.
  • Wolfgang Laur: Historical Lexicon of Place Names of Schleswig-Holstein. 2nd edition, Neumünster 1992.
  • Axel Lohr: The history of the Borstel estate up to 1938. Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-00-046413-3 .
  • Jörg Matthies: "These parks are the poetry of the duchies". Estate gardens in Schleswig-Holstein. In: Marion Bejschowetz-Iserhoht, Reiner Hering (Hrsg.): The order of nature. Historic gardens and parks in Schleswig-Holstein. (Exhibition catalog Landesarchiv Schleswig) (= publications of the Landesarchiv Schleswig-Holstein , Volume 93.) Hamburg University Press, Schleswig 2008, ISBN 978-3-931292-83-6 , pp. 91–116.
  • Jörgen Ringenberg: The historic garden of the former Borstel estate. In: DenkMal !, Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein , ISSN  0946-4549 , 7/2000, pp. 57–61.
  • Wilhelm Sager: Borstel. From a noble estate to a research center. Bad Segeberg 2001.
  • Deert Lafrenz: Architecture and art-historical significance of the manor house Borstel , in: Heimatkundliches Jahrbuch für den Segeberg 47 (2001), pp. 26–43
  • Wilhelm Sagen, Wilfried Möller: That's how it was back then. Borstel. A journey through time from the 30s to the 60s. Bad Segeberg / Borstel 2013.
  • Edgar Winter: The Reich Labor Service. Female youth in the Gau Nordmark. The schools and camps of the RADwJ in the Segeberg district. In: Yearbook for the Segeberg district. Bad Segeberg 2002, pp. 97-115.
  • Deert Lafrenz: manors and manors in Schleswig-Holstein . Published by the State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein, 2015, Michael Imhof Verlag Petersberg, 2nd edition, ISBN 978-3-86568-971-9 , p. 82

Web links

Commons : Herrenhaus Borstel  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Coordinates: 53 ° 49 ′ 6 "  N , 10 ° 11 ′ 58"  E