Märkisch Wilmersdorf manor house
The Märkisch Wilmersdorf manor (official name in the state monument list manor house, manor park and farm yard with farm workers' houses ) is a manor house in Märkisch Wilmersdorf , a district of the town of Trebbin in the Teltow-Fläming district in the state of Brandenburg .
location
The highway 795 leads from the north-west in a southerly direction through the village. The manor house with manor park and farm yard as well as the farm workers' houses are located north of the village center on an area enclosed by a wall . The Märkisch Wilmersdorf village church is in direct line of sight to the south .
history
In 1684, the treasurer of the Great Elector Friedrich Wilhelm , Henning Bernd von Schwerin, acquired the village, which had previously been divided into two parts, and received it as a fiefdom from Friedrich I in 1701 . After his death, his son Friedrich Bogislav von Schwerin inherited the estate and in the first half of the 18th century had a manor house built in the form of a three-wing complex in a U-shape. Via Friedrich Boglislav's son, Friedrich Albrecht, the property came to his nephew Friedrich August Leopold Karl von Schwerin . The manor house was rebuilt in 1801 according to his designs. A single-storey , nine-axis plastered building was created on a rectangular floor plan with a crooked hip roof . A picture that has not yet been dated shows the building with a dwelling with three windows grouped next to each other above the entrance area, which was decorated with festoons . Below was a flight of stairs . Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß suspect in their work The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district that the illustration could be an "idealized representation". They refer to a postcard from 1901, on which the manor house had a bat dormer instead of the dwarf house . The west axis had a slightly protruding central projection , which optically took up the three central axes - in which the entrance door was also located.
.jpg)
The estate was leased from 1840. Schwerin was married to Countess Luise Johanna Friederike von der Schulenburg . Several children were born from the marriage. The first born, Christian Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm married Luise Wilhelmine Christiane Ebel, who gave birth to Count Fritz von Schwerin . He took over the estate in 1890 in order to manage it again on his own. According to his designs, the mansion was rebuilt as a two-storey building in Tudor style by 1901 . Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß suspect that Kittendorf Castle served as a model. Fritz von Schwerin had an electricity and water supply as well as an elevator installed to transport food into the dining room. A year later he became president of the German Dendrological Society and from 1910 leased the property in order to devote himself more to his new tasks. However, he kept the manor house and successfully cultivated dahlias , which he had sold through the train station in neighboring Thyrow . Numerous trees were planted in the park for the first time in this region. However, even he was not spared the effects of the Great Depression in the 1920s. He had to lay off workers and reduce livestock. In 1932 his son Fritz died and on October 1, 1933 the count sold the palace and park to millionaire Arnold Kuhnheim. Shortly afterwards, on March 9, 1934, the Count died at the age of 77 and was buried in the crypt of the village church.
Kuhnheim in turn invested in the estate; in the meantime there were again 100 cattle and 32 horses on the farm. His focus was on cattle breeding, so that both the tree nursery, as well as the seeds and gardening, took a back seat to his economic activities. As a result of renovation work in 1935/1936, the water table sank and most of the trees in the park dried up.
After the Second World War , Kuhnheim was expropriated. 443 hectares of the 486 hectare estate were distributed to farm workers, refugees and industrial workers. The manor house served as accommodation for refugees and resettlers from 1945 to 1956. A children's home then moved into most of the rooms, which was later named Ernst Thälmann . Further rooms were occupied by a school until 1974, when the kindergarten moved into the gardener's house. The agricultural land was cultivated by the LPG unit from 1953 . She also took over the nursery in the park, which was gradually falling into disrepair. The ponds were silted up, paths were only rudimentary and of the 243 trees listed in 1917 there were only 116 species left in 1959. In the 1970s, the manor house had to be repaired on the roof. During this work, workers also removed the battlements on the main building. At that time there was a separation of animal and plant production within the LPG and animal production remained in the place. Despite the poor condition, the park and palace were placed under monument protection in 1982.
A boiler house was built in the immediate vicinity of the castle between 1986 and 1988 - but it never went into operation. At around the same time, remodeling and renovation work was planned on the castle. The children and educators of the children's home moved to the LPG apprentice home in 1986. After the fall of the Wall , the castle and park came into the possession of the district in 1999, which had the boiler room demolished. A year later, a gallery owner from Cologne bought the building and began renovating it. The historic battlements were restored as well as the old moats in the park. The groundwater level within the park is to be improved again through an independent dewatering. The gardener's house, which has since collapsed, was rebuilt and a new building was added. A greenhouse with a vegetable and orchard was created. There are some sculptures in the park, including a work by the artist AR Penck .
Building description
The core of the manor house is a nine-axis plastered building with a flat hipped roof , which is, however, covered by the crenellated crown. On the east side, the central axis is highlighted by a risalit . There is an outside staircase that leads to the entrance. The portal is decorated with vertically arranged plaster elements, which optically include a three-sash window above. To the left and right of the entrance on the first floor there are three tall rectangular windows that are decorated with a cranked cornice . Above are three more, more simple and ogival windows. On the west side, three axes were included in the entrance area and also slightly highlighted by a central projection. In the center there is also a large portal, above it the coat of arms of the Schwerin family in a relief cartouche. In the southern part a semicircular tower was built that protrudes over the roof. In front of the entrance is a terrace, which rests on a söller and was also decorated with battlements. It frames another flight of stairs, with which access to the park is made possible. The lower cornices on the west side are also cranked, while those on the upper floor are more simple. On the north side there is a tall tower on a square floor plan and another, smaller extension and a semicircular stair tower on the west side of the tower. The building is completed by a corner bay on the southwest side, which extends over the entire height of the building.
Manor park
The origins of the manor park go back to the 18th century. With the renovation of the manor house in 1801, the park was also expanded to around nine hectares. This also included a two-hectare vegetable garden and a 2.5-hectare alder quarry. In 1803, the Count of Schwerin had a 2.2 m high memorial column erected in the southeastern part of the park, commemorating Ilsabe Sophie von Schwerin, a born von Bredow . She was the maid of honor of Frederick II's mother . East of the manor house was a meadow at that time that was accessed by semicircular paths. The column was placed so that it was in a line of sight to the manor house. A gardener's house was added at the beginning of the 19th century.
After 1873 Fritz von Schwerin carried out several changes. He had a garden designed from the formerly baroque garden, which was based on Pückler's basic principles . The previously strictly rectangular ponds were redesigned, the straight network of paths dissolved in favor of a curved path. Fritz von Schwerin always included the immediate surroundings in his work. In 1896, for example, he had the avenue to Thyrow planted with trees bearing red and white flowers, matching his coat of arms colors. From 1901 the park was expanded by an area that was mainly overgrown with conifers. In 1902 the park was 18 hectares and in 1917 it was 32 hectares. To the north of the manor house there was a kitchen garden with areas of flowers, shrubs, and fruit and vegetables. Probably after 1912 there was a sculpture by the sculptor August Gaul in the garden , showing a 1.52 m high donkey boy, made of bronze and representing the artist's first successful large- scale sculpture. Over the years, Fritz von Schwerin created numerous landscapes in the park. However, his passion was maples . On a list of trees from 1917, 350 different types or shapes of maple are recorded and were thus an expression of his commitment to the German Dendrological Society. His work was not limited to the park either. So he had the Kastanienallee on Wietstocker Weg planted with red thorn and hawthorn . In 1928, in the extension of Thyrower Allee at the intersection of Wietstocker Weg and Parkweg, a mighty park gate in the neo-Gothic style was built . It consisted of a crenellated park entrance and a 12 m high tower and was popularly called "nonsense". After 1955 it was demolished and the material was used by new farmers.
After the park was no longer maintained under Kuhnheim, it became increasingly neglected in the decades that followed. The lack of care in connection with the falling water table led to considerable damage to the trees and the structure. It was only since the 2000s that a careful new installation was made, which also includes a vegetable and orchard.
literature
- Hiltrud and Carsten Preuß: The manor houses and manors in the Teltow-Fläming district , Lukas Verlag für Kunst- und Geistesgeschichte, 1st edition, November 29, 2011, ISBN 978-3-86732-100-6 , p. 244
- Georg Dehio (edited by Gerhard Vinken et al.): Handbook of German Art Monuments - Brandenburg Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich / Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-422-03123-4 .
Web links
Coordinates: 52 ° 14 ′ 38.9 ″ N , 13 ° 17 ′ 37.8 ″ E