Royal Hanover State Railways
The Royal Hanover State Railways existed from 1843 until the Kingdom of Hanover was incorporated into the Kingdom of Prussia in 1866.
In 1866 the rail network with a circumference of 800 kilometers was transferred to the Prussian state.
History, construction phases and sections
Since 1835 the government in Hanover had questions about future railway operations in the kingdom processed by Quartermaster General Pratt, but responded hesitantly to all inquiries. In 1837, the book Contribution and closer assessment of a railway system in the direction of Hanover – Celle – Harburg by Georg Ferdinand Glünder was published in Hanover . On November 13, 1837, the Duchy of Braunschweig signed a state treaty to extend the Braunschweig – Wolfenbüttel line across Hanover to Harzburg. It was not until 1838–1840 that the railway concept developed to such an extent that a crossroad was seriously designed to extend Brunswick routes to Hildesheim and Celle - a crossing point was found near the village of Lehrte . State treaties were signed on February 22, 1841 and August 22, 1842. Around 1840, the Kingdom of Prussia wanted a rail connection from Berlin or Magdeburg to its provinces of Rhineland and Westphalia, which could be implemented via Brunswick and Hanover. In 1841/1842, corresponding state treaties were concluded in which Hanover and Braunschweig were allowed to realize their own routes on their own or to commission Prussia to build such a railway as a private railway.
In 1842 a railway commission was founded to establish the connection from Lehrte to Minden as the Hanover state railway. On March 13, 1843, this was replaced by the newly founded railway direction in the residential city of Hanover . On October 22nd, 1843, the first train journey in the kingdom was able to leave the provisional terminus at the Steintor in Hanover for Lehrte. In 1866 the Kingdom of Hanover became Prussian and the Hanover Railway Administration became a Prussian Railway Directorate Hanover.
Cross track
The term "Kreuzbahn" originated from the will of King Ernst August I to prevent a central train station in Hanover . The routes therefore merged in a cross shape in Lehrte . A major railway junction could develop there.
The government of the Kingdom of Hanover had initially taken over the construction of state railways , as no private financiers could be found for the initially planned railway lines from Hanover via Lehrte to Peine on the border with the Duchy of Braunschweig , from Lehrte to Celle and from Lehrte to Hildesheim .
The first 16-kilometer route from Hanover via Misburg to Lehrte was opened on October 22, 1843. The continuation in the direction of Braunschweig followed on December 1, 1843 to the state border at Peine; on May 19, 1844, the Ducal Braunschweigische Staatseisenbahn connected there, which belonged to almost a third of the now 60-kilometer connection between the two royal cities. On October 15, 1845, Lehrte – Celle followed, and on June 12, 1846, Lehrte – Hildesheim.
Starting from this Kreuzbahn, the following additional routes were built under the leadership of the Royal Hanover Railway Directorate established on March 13, 1843:
The Lehrte – Celle railway was extended via Uelzen and Lüneburg to Harburg and opened on May 1, 1847 as a single track. The second track was laid in sections over the course of the 1850s and 1860s. After the completion of Hamburg's Elbe bridges in 1872, the Venlo train station on Grasbrook in Hamburg could be reached via the Wanne-Eickel-Hamburg line .
On October 15, 1847, the Hanover – Minden line followed with a connection to the main line of the Cologne-Minden Railway Company .
Bremen Railway
Contrary to Prussian wishes, the railway line to Bremen, financed jointly with the state of Bremen , was not built directly from Minden , but from Wunstorf in Hanover . On December 12, 1847, the Wunstorf – Bremen line was opened. The political events of 1848/49 ( March Revolution ) delayed the further expansion of the rail network in the Kingdom of Hanover .
Hanover Southern Railway
- May 1, 1853: Hanover– Alfeld
- September 15, 1853: Connection between Nordstemmen and Hildesheim
- July 31, 1854: Extension of Alfeld – Kreiensen– Göttingen
- May 8, 1856: Göttingen – Hannoversch Münden ( see: Dransfelder Rampe )
- September 23, 1856: Hannoversch Münden – Kassel
The architect and engineer Rudolph Berg participated in the planning of the building from 1847 .
Hannoversche Westbahn
The project of a railway from Löhne on the Cologne-Mindener Railway via Osnabrück to Emden , which was jointly agreed with Prussia, came about only after lengthy negotiations about the course of the route and a connection to the railway network of the Netherlands .
Finally, an agreement was reached on the current route from Löhne via Osnabrück into the Prussian Rhine , which at the same time received a connection from Münster through the Royal Westphalian Railway Company , and from there via Salzbergen to Leer and Emden. The connection to the Dutch rail network was made from the Hanoverian Salzbergen via Bentheim to Oldenzaal . On November 24, 1854, the first section from Emden to Papenburg was completed.
- November 21, 1855: Löhne – Osnabrück opened
- 19./20. June 1856: entire route via Rheine to Emden
- November 18, 1865: Salzbergen –Oldenzaal
Bremen – Bremerhaven railway line
On January 23, 1862, the Bremen line was again extended jointly with Bremen to Geestemünde / Wesermünde (today Bremerhaven ).
Elbe traject
Finally, on March 15, 1864, after long negotiations, the Lüneburg –Hohnstorf an der Elbe line was built, and at the same time the Lauenburg-Hohnstorfer Elb-Traject-Anstalt was set up, which established a connection to the Lauenburg - Büchen line of the Berlin-Hamburg Railway on the other side of the Elbe .
resin
The Vienenburg – Goslar line was also owned by the Hanover State Railroad, but was operated by the Duke Brunswick State Railroad. The Göttingen – Arenshausen and Northeim – Ellrich routes were only completed after the Hanover State Railroad passed to Prussia after the war of 1866 .
workshops
The first so-called workshop location of the Hanover State Railways, which was supposed to carry out the repair and workshop work for locomotives and wagons on the railway line Berlin – Magdeburg – Hanover – Minden – Cologne, was founded on June 1, 1842 at Schiffgraben in Hanover, but was Relocated to the north side at today's Raschplatz during the construction of the Central Station Hannover (today's Hannover Hauptbahnhof).
Transfer of the state railway to Prussia
From December 15, 1866, the previous Hannöversche Staatsbahn was incorporated into the Prussian State Railways and administered by the renamed, now Prussian Railway Directorate Hanover . As a result, in addition to the previous three car classes, a 4th class was introduced based on the Prussian model, which was valid from January 1, 1868 in the entire former Hanoverian railway network (for passenger trains 1st class = 6 groschen , 2nd class = 4 , 5 groschen, 3rd class = 3 groschen, but 4th class only 1½ groschen per mile (7.419 km) as tariff).
See also
literature
- Waldemar R. Röhrbein : Railway. In: Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein (eds.) U. a .: City Lexicon Hanover . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2009, ISBN 978-3-89993-662-9 , pp. 153–156.
- Federal Railway Directorate Hanover (Ed.): 1843–1983. 140 years of the Hanover Railway Directorate . Hanover undated (1983).
- Carl Georg Christian Grote : About a railway system for Germany , Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Göttingen 1834.
Individual evidence
- ^ Alfred Gottwaldt: Hanover and its railways . alba Düsseldorf 1992 ISBN 3-87094-345-9
- ^ Helmut Knocke : Berg, Theodor F. Rudolph. In: Dirk Böttcher , Klaus Mlynek, Waldemar R. Röhrbein, Hugo Thielen : Hannoversches Biographisches Lexikon . From the beginning to the present. Schlütersche, Hannover 2002, ISBN 3-87706-706-9 , p. 51 and more often; ( online at google books )
- ^ Annual report 1867 of the Hanover State Railway