Georg von der Gabelentz

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Georg Conon from the Gabelentz

Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz (born March 16, 1840 in Poschwitz , † December 10, 1893 in Berlin ) was a German linguist and sinologist . He is considered one of the pioneers of modern synchronous linguistics.

biography

Georg von der Gabelentz came from the Saxon noble family Gabelentz with seat at Poschwitz Castle. He was the son of Hans Conon von der Gabelentz (1807–1874), who is said to have spoken 24 languages, was one of the founders of the German Oriental Society and held several political offices.

Gabelentz learned Dutch , Italian and Chinese during his high school days in Altenburg . From 1860–1864 he studied law and camera studies at the University of Jena and entered the Saxon civil service in Dresden in 1864 as an administrative lawyer. At the same time he continued his studies of Chinese, Japanese and Manchurian in Leipzig .

In 1872 he married Alexandra von Rothkirch.

In 1876 he did his doctorate with a translation of a philosophical text from Chinese. On July 1, 1878, at his suggestion, an extraordinary professorship for East Asian languages ​​was established in Leipzig, and he held this position. It was the first academic post in the German-speaking area specifically dedicated to Chinese and Japanese.

He also continued to study Manchurian , Mongolian , Tibetan and Malay , but his main work is his grammar of Classical Chinese, which appeared in 1881. Friedrich Hirth wrote about this work:

Of all the Chinese grammars so far published this is the most perfect, in as much as it unites with the fulness of Prémare ’s work, the scholarly clearness of Schott ’s “Chinese language teaching”.

The grammar was reissued unchanged in 1953 and has seen several editions since then.

From 1884 to 1889, Gabelentz published the international journal for general linguistics together with Friedrich Techmer (1843-1891) .

Among his students in Leipzig were the German sinologists Wilhelm Grube (1855-1908) and JJ M de Groot (1854-1921), the Austrian sinologist Arthur von Rosthorn (1862-1945), the Japanologist Karl Florenz (1865-1939), however also the archaeologist Max Uhle (1856–1944), the Tibetologist Heinrich Wenzel and the art historian Friedrich Wilhelm Karl Müller (1863–1930).

In 1889 Georg von der Gabelentz's marriage was divorced. He was appointed full professor for East Asian languages ​​and general linguistics in Berlin and on June 27, 1889 a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1891 he married Gertrud verw. von Adelebsen , another important work, Die Sprachwissenschaft, appeared in 1891 , in which he presented the theory of cyclical language change as well as the goals and tasks of linguistics. Sometimes it is also claimed, for example by Eugenio Coseriu , that Gabelentz anticipated Ferdinand de Saussure's distinction between langage, langue and parole and other terms used in Saussure. He is continuing his father's work with a book on the genetic classification of the Austronesian languages . A very modern sketch of a research program for language typology (Gabelentz 1894) appeared posthumously, anticipating later developments in quantitative linguistics .

From 1860 he was a member of the Corps Franconia Jena .

membership

Works

Beginning of the radical list from the " Chinese grammar "
  • 1860, traces of a trained conjugation system in the Dayak . In: Journal of the German Oriental Society (ZDMG) , 14, pp. 547ff.
  • 1861, About the Passive. A comparative linguistic treatise. Treatises of the philological-historical class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. 3. (1861), pp. 449-546.
  • 1869, Ideas for Comparative Syntax . In: Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft 6
  • 1875, More on Comparative Syntax . In: ZDMG 8
  • 1876, Thai-kih-thu, the Tscheu-tsi table of the Urprinzipes, with Tschu-hi's Commentare after the Hoh-pih-sing-li . Chinese with Manchuian and German translation, introduction and notes. (Dissertation Dresden).
  • 1878, Contribution to the history of Chinese grammars and the teaching of the grammatical treatment of the Chinese language . In: ZDMG 32, pp. 601ff.
  • 1878, a specimen of Chinese parallelism . In: Zeitschrift für Völkerpsychologie und Sprachwissenschaft 10
  • 1879, Kin Ping Mei, les aventures galantes d'un épicier . Roman réaliste, trad. Du Mandchou. Rev. orient. Et américaine (Paris) (pub. Par León de Rosny).
  • 1880, On Chinese Philosophy . In: Scientific supplement to the Allgemeine Zeitung , No. 92.
  • 1881, Chinese grammar, excluding the lower style and today's colloquial language . Leipzig: Weigel. Reprograph. Reprint: Berlin: Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1953 .; 4th, unchanged. Edition Halle (Saale): Niemeyer, 1960.
  • 1881, The East Asian Studies and Linguistics (Leipzig Inaugural Address). In: Our time: dt. Revue d. Present; Monthly to the conversation dictionary . Leipzig: Brockhaus 1881. ( digitized and full text in the German text archive )
  • 1881, Sur la possibilité de prouver l'existence d'une affinité généalogique entre les langues dites indochinoises . In: Atti del 4th Congresso Internazionale degli Orientalisti 1878 / International Congress of Orientalists 4 , 1878. Firenze 1878 vol. II, pp. 283-295. Reprint Nendeln: Kraus, 19XX.
  • 1882, On a new Chinese grammar . In: Treatises of the 5th International Orientalist Congress, held in Berlin in September 1881 . Berlin 1882, Volume II, 2 1882, pp. [81] -86.
  • 1882 (with Adolf Bernhard Meyer ): Contributions to the knowledge of the Melanesian, Micronesian and Papuan languages, a first supplement to Hans Conon's von der Gabelentz works “The Melanesian Languages” . In: Treatises of the Philological-Historical Class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences in Leipzig , Vol. 8, No. 4.
  • 1883, Something about the Mafoor's relationship with Malay . In: Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- and folklore . Koninklijk Instituut voor de Taal-, Land- and Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie . Suffer.
  • 1883, the beginnings of Chinese grammar with practice pieces . Leipzig: Weigel, 1883.
  • 1884, On the Language and Literature of the Chinese . In: Our time: dt. Revue d. Present; Monthly to the conversation dictionary . Leipzig: Brockhaus 1884.
  • 1884, On the Grammatical Assessment of Chinese . In: International Journal for General Linguistics (ed. V. F. Techmer) 1, pp. 272–280.
  • 1885, Something about the languages ​​of the Nicobar Islanders . In: Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Philological-historical class: Reports on the negotiation , 37, 9, pp. 296–307
  • 1885, Colarian languages . In: Publishers and Gruber's General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts 1885, II. Series, Vol. 84, pp. 104-108.
  • 1885, Kuki. People and language . In: Er and Gruber's General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts 1885, II. Series, Vol. 38.
  • 1885, Kunama language . In: Er and Gruber's General Encyclopedia of Sciences and Arts 1885, II. Series, Vol. 38.
  • 1885, on the doctrine of transcription . In: International Journal for General Linguistics (ed. By F. Techmer), 2, pp. 252-257. Report d. Kgl. Saxon. Society d. Sciences, philol.-hist. Classe., Meeting on Dec. 11. 1886.
  • 1886, Some additions to my Chinese grammar . In: Journal of the China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society (Shanghai) NS 20.
    • 1944 Erwin von Zach: To develop the Gabelentz grammar along with the Gabelentz 'own "Additions" . Edited by Germany Inst. Beijing, 1944.
  • 1887, The Taoist Work Wên-tsi . In: Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Philological-historical class: reports on the hearing , 39.14.
  • 1887, On the Chinese Language and General Grammar . In: International Journal for General Linguistics (ed. By F. Techmer) 3, pp. 93-109.
  • 1888, Contributions to Chinese Grammar. The language of the Čuang-Tsï . In: Treatises of the Philological-Historical Class of the Royal Saxon Society of Sciences , 10, 8; Pp. 582-638.
  • 1888, Confucius and his teaching . (Leipzig).
  • 1888, About the Chinese philosopher Mek Tik . In: Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Philological-historical class: Reports on the negotiation , 40, 3, pp. 62–70.
  • 1888, (August Friedrich) Pott . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 1888, 26, pp. 478–485. Depressed in: Thomas A. Sebeok, (Ed.): Portraits of linguists. A biographical source book for the history of Western linguistics 1746-1963. 1966 . 2 vol., Pp. 251-261.
  • 1889, The Robber Tschik, a satirical section from Tschuang-tsi . In: Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Philological-Historical Class: Reports on the Trial , 41, 4, pages 55-69.
  • 1889, Material and Form in Language . In: Royal Saxon Society of Sciences. Philological-Historical Class: Reports on the Trial , 41.8, pages 185–216.
  • 1890, [inaugural speech Berlin]. In: Meeting reports of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin , 34.
  • 1901, The Linguistics. Your tasks, methods and previous results . Leipzig: Weigel Nachf., 2nd ed .; 1 .: 1891. Reprint: Tübingen, Narr, 1972 (TBL, 1).
  • 1892, handbook for recording foreign languages . Berlin: ES Mittler & Sohn, 1892.
  • 1892, Preparatory Notes for the Critique of Kuantsï . In: Session reports of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin . 1892 (I); Pp. 1127-1152. Digitized, Berlin: Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences, 2001
  • 1892, For the Evaluation of Korean Writing and Phonics . In: Session reports of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin.
  • 1893, The Doctrine of Comparative Adverbial in Ancient Chinese . In: Session reports of the Royal Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin .
  • 1894, The relationship between Basque and the Berber languages ​​of North Africa documented by Georg von der Gabelentz . Ed. After d. manuscript left behind by Dr. AC Graf von der Schulenburg . Braunschweig: Sattler, 1894.
  • 1894, Hypologie [= typology] of languages. A new task in linguistics . In: Indo-European Research 4, 1–7.

literature

  • Karl-Heinz Best : Georg von der Gabelentz (1840-1893). In: Glottometrics. H. 9, 2005, pp. 77-79 (PDF full text ). (Reprinted in: Karl-Heinz Best (Ed.): Studies on the history of quantitative linguistics. Volume 1. RAM-Verlag, Lüdenscheid 2015, pages 62–64. ISBN 978-3-942303-30-9 .)
  • Walter Böttger:  Gabelentz, Georg von der. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 6, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1964, ISBN 3-428-00187-7 , p. 3 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • August Conrady : Georg von der Gabelentz. In: Allgemeine Zeitung . 1893, No. 361 (December 30, 1893), Supplement No. 303, pp. 1-5.
  • Eduard Erkes : Georg von der Gabelentz. In: Scientific journal of the Karl Marx University. Social and Linguistic Series. 3rd volume (1953/54), no. 4, pp. 385-392.
  • Eduard Erkes: Georg von der Gabelentz and August Conrady. In: Ernst Engelberg (Ed.): Karl Marx University Leipzig 1409–1959. Contributions to university history. Vol. 1, Leipzig 1959, pp. 439-464.
  • Martin Gimm : Georg von der Gabelentz in memory. Materials on life and work (= Sinologica Coloniensia. Vol. 32). Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden 2013, ISBN 978-3-447-06979-3 .
  • Wilhelm Grube :  Gabelentz, Georg von der . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 50, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1905, pp. 548-555.
  • Klaus Kaden: Georg von der Gabelentz's appointment to the Berlin University. In: Ralf Moritz (Hrsg.): Sinological traditions as reflected in new research. Leipziger Universitätsverlag, Leipzig 1993, pp. 57–90.
  • Christina Leibfried. Sinology at the University of Leipzig. Origin and work of the East Asian seminar 1878 to 1947 (= contributions to the history of Leipzig universities and science. Series B, vol. 1). Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, Leipzig 2003, pp. 25–50.
  • Eberhardt Richter, Manfred Reichardt (ed.): Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz. Heritage and obligation (= linguistic studies. Series A: Arbeitsberichte , Bd. 53). Berlin 1979.
  • Gustav Schlegel: Hans Georg Conon von der Gabelentz. In: T'oung Pao . Vol. 5 (1894), pp. 75-78.
  • Manfred Taube: Georg von der Gabelentz and his time. In: Yearbook of the Museum of Ethnology in Leipzig. Vol. 34, Berlin 1982, pp. 16-36.

Web links

Commons : Georg von der Gabelentz  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Treatises of the Prussian Academy of Sciences , 1893
  2. ^ Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society , New Series, Vol. XVII, Part I, p. 237.
  3. ↑ Eugenio Coseriu: Georg von der Gabelentz et la linguistique synchronique . In: Word 23 (1967), pp. 74-100; see the criticism of Coserius' remarks by EFK Koerner: Animadversions on some recent claims regarding the relationship between Georg von der Gabelentz and Ferdinand de Saussure. In: Studi Saussuriani per Robert Godel, ed. René Amacker et al., II Mulino, Bologna, 1974, pp. 165–180.
  4. ^ Kösener corps lists 1910, 124 , 344
personal data
SURNAME Gabelentz, Georg von der
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Gabelentz, Hans Georg Conon from the; Gabelentz, Georg; Gabelentz, Hans Georg von der; Gabelentz, Hans von der; Gabelentz, Georg H. von der
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German sinologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 16, 1840
PLACE OF BIRTH Poschwitz near Altenburg
DATE OF DEATH December 10, 1893
Place of death Berlin