Heinrich Bünting

Three continents as a shamrock with Jerusalem in the center, 1581

Asia as Pegasus , 1581

Heinrich Bünting , also: Buntingus, Bunting, Pendingius (* 1545 in Hanover ; † December 30, 1606 in Hanover) was a Protestant theologian , geographer and chronicler . His geographical description of the biblical sites of Palestine ( Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae ) with imaginative emblematic illustrations made him famous.

Life

He was born the son of the goldsmith and silver dealer Johann Bünting or Hans Buntinck and his wife Helena, daughter of the state pension master Heinrich Lorleberg. Heinrich Bünting grew up in his hometown, first attended the Latin school there and then received lessons at the Martino-Katharineum under Andreas Pouchenius in Braunschweig . From September 1568 he studied theology, philosophy and mathematics at the University of Wittenberg , where he received his master's degree in 1569.

By the Duchess Sidonie von Braunschweig-Lüneburg he was appointed castle preacher in Calenberg and therefore ordained a preacher in March 1571 by his academic teacher Friedrich Widebrand in Wittenberg. After the Duchess's household was dissolved , Bünting became pastor in Gronau an der Leine in 1572 and superintendent in Goslar in 1591 . In 1599 he was deposed there on charges of erroneous teachings, since, following Jakob Andreae , he had pointedly involved in the dispute between the various Lutheran and Reformed doctrines in the theory of ubiquity .

He spent his last years as a private citizen in Hanover with his brother Conrad, who, as a doctor of law, had been the municipal lawyer and advisor in coin matters since 1573, where he apparently made his living by brewing beer. Bünting was buried in the choir of the market church in his hometown.

Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae

His most important work "Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae", a richly illustrated report on the holy places of Palestine, has been published many times and has been translated into various languages. At least 61 editions are known, including six in English between 1619 and 1682. The “Lehnstuhlreisführer” was probably created without Bünting ever having traveled to the Holy Land himself, through reading previous maps and travel reports, for example by Burchardus de Monte Sion and Bernhard von Breidenbach , and is considered to be the most complete collection of the knowledge of biblical geography of that time. Bünting traced the travel routes of biblical figures from Adam through Abraham and Moses to Christ and the apostles true to the information in the Holy Scriptures and organized this information according to the places in Palestine, each of which was given a separate chapter.

The emblematic maps contained therein, which depict Europe as a virgin , Asia as Pegasus and the world as a shamrock, attracted particular attention . The shamrock is a tribute to the coat of arms of the city of Hanover; the headline of the engraving reads: “The whole world in a sticky sheet / which is the city of Hanover / my dear fatherland's Wapen.” This depiction was honored in an exhibition in Hanover as part of the Expo 2000 world exhibition. The image of Europe as a virgin probably goes back to a map by the Tyrolean cartographer Johannes Putsch from 1537. After Heinrich Bünting had integrated it into the edition of the Itinerarium from 1587, Sebastian Münster took it over in his Cosmographia from 1588; This motif was also used for propaganda pamphlets in the Netherlands' struggle for independence .

expenditure

Itinerarium sacrae scripturae. This is a travelogue on all of the scriptures divided into two books. Wittenberg 1581.

View of Göttingen in the chronicle

Other works

Hanover from the west, with the outer and inner Leintor ,
from Bünting's Braunschweigische and Lüneburgische Chronica , woodcut, around 1584/1585

De monetis et mensuris Sacræ Scripturæ. This is an actual calculation and description of all costs and measures in holy script. Magdeburg 1583 (digitized version of the Bavarian State Library) .
Brunswick and Lüneburg Chronica. 4 Vols. Ambrosius Kirchner, Magdeburg 1584–1585, Vol. 1 , Vol. 2 , Vol. 3 , Vol. 4 (digital copies of the Bavarian State Library).

literature

To the biography

Carl Ludwig Grotefend : Bünting, Heinrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 3, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1876, p. 552.
Hans Klinge : Bünting, Heinrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 2, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1955, ISBN 3-428-00183-4 , p. 741 ( digitized version ).
Heinrich Wilhelm Rotermund : Article: Bünting (Heinrich). In: The learned Hanover or lexicon of writers, learned businessmen and artists who have lived and are still alive since the Reformation in and outside of all the provinces belonging to the Kingdom of Hanover, compiled from the most credible writers. 2 vol., Bremen 1823, vol. 1, p. 297 f.
Johann Georg Leuckfeld : Kurtze Historical news of the life of the well-known Theologi and Historici, M. Heinrich Büntings / First-time Evangelical Preacher zu Grunou / And subsequent Superintendent in Goßlar / As well as his edited writings / But specialty of his Itinerario Sacrae Scripturae. In: Heinrich Bünting: Itinerarium […]. Magdeburg edition 1718 (digitized version) (printed therein several Latin letters by Bünting to Polycarp Lyser and a detailed description of the theological debate in Goslar).
Edward Schröder : Heinrich Bünting, the author of the appendix to Berg's coin book. In: Journal of the historical association for Lower Saxony. 1910, pp. 430-444.
Karljosef Kreter : Urban history culture and historiography. The image of the city of Hanover in the mirror of its history from the beginnings to the loss of urban autonomy. Dissertation, University of Hanover 1996, chapter: "Heinrich Bünting, 1545–1606", pp. 174–209 (PDF document from TIB Hanover from 2001) .

Christina Wötzel: Bünting (Bunting [us], Pendingus), Heinrich. In: Horst-Rüdiger Jarck , Dieter Lent et al. (Ed.): Braunschweigisches Biographisches Lexikon - 8th to 18th century . Appelhans Verlag, Braunschweig 2006, ISBN 3-937664-46-7 , p. 119 .

To the itinerary

Karljosef Kreter: Heinrich Bünting's world map 1584. "The whole world in one 'Kleeberblat". Hanover 2000.
Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14 (full text at the Swiss National Library) .
Torbjörn Sundquist: Heinrich Bünting and his "Itinerarium" in Scandinavia. In: Christian Dekesel, Thomas Stäcker (Hrsg.): European numismatic literature in the 17th century. Wiesbaden 2005, pp. 115-123.

additional

Thomas Vogtherr : Heinrich Bünting (1545–1606) and the Gregorian calendar reform. In: Arnd Reitemeier , Uwe Ohainski (Hrsg.): From the south of the north. Studies on the history of Lower Saxony for Peter Aufgebauer on his 65th birthday (= publications by the Institute for Historical Research at the University of Göttingen. Vol. 58). Publishing house for regional history, Bielefeld 2013, ISBN 978-3-89534-988-1 , pp. 637–650.
Franz Rudolf Zankl : View of Hanover from the west. Woodcut from Heinrich Bünting's Chronicle. 1586. In: ders. (Ed.): Hanover Archive , sheet S 121 .

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Bünting - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Description of the Holy Land. Map from the Itinerarium. In: World Digital Library , March 7, 2012 (digitized version of the Israeli National Library )

Author page in the Post Reformation Digital Library

Sabine Wehking : DI 36, City of Hanover, No. 245 †. In: Insschriften.net , urn : nbn: de: 0238-di036g006k0024509 (description of Bünting's former grave slab with a brief vita and sources)

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 7 .
^ Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 6 and for a tabular overview of the printing locations p. 13.
^ ^A ^b Nicholas Popper: Walter Ralegh's, History of the World 'and the Historical Culture of the Late Renaissance. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2012, p. 140 .
↑ On Shalev: Sacred Words and Worlds. Geography, Religion, and Scholarship, 1550-1700. Brill, Leiden 2012, p. 102 .
↑ See the exhibition catalog by Karljosef Kreter: Heinrich Büntings Weltkarte 1584. "The whole world in one 'Kleeberblat". Hanover 2000.
^ Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 10 .

personal data
SURNAME	Bünting, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Buntingus, Heinrich; Bunting, Heinrich; Pendingius, Heinrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Protestant theologian and chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH	1545
PLACE OF BIRTH	Hanover
DATE OF DEATH	December 30, 1606
Place of death	Hanover

[Heijden7-1] Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 7 .

[2] Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 6 and for a tabular overview of the printing locations p. 13.

[Popper140-3] A ^b Nicholas Popper: Walter Ralegh's, History of the World 'and the Historical Culture of the Late Renaissance. University of Chicago Press, Chicago 2012, p. 140 .

[4] On Shalev: Sacred Words and Worlds. Geography, Religion, and Scholarship, 1550-1700. Brill, Leiden 2012, p. 102 .

[5] See the exhibition catalog by Karljosef Kreter: Heinrich Büntings Weltkarte 1584. "The whole world in one 'Kleeberblat". Hanover 2000.

[6] Henk AM van der Heijden: Heinrich Bünting's Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae, 1581. A chapter of biblical geography. In: Cartographica Helvetica. Issue 23, 2001, pp. 5–14, here p. 10 .