brownie
The brownies were the forecast for Cologne house spirits . They did their work at night when the citizens slept . However, since they were watched, they disappeared forever. In addition to their small size, typical attributes such as the pointed hat and their hard work show that the brownies belong to the group of goblins , gnomes and dwarfs .
The folklorist Marianne Hull (1921-1998) leads to an article in the trade journal for narrative research Fabula 1976 two explanations for the origin of the name in the People's announcement to: first was Heinzel little man a name for the mandrake , which was used as a house ghost. On the other hand, Heinz or Heinzenkunst were names of devices in mining for water drainage . Therefore, the operator could such useful devices hull Heinzel men have been called.
The Christmas market on the Heumarkt and the Alter Markt in Cologne is called "Heinzels Wintermärchen". It depicts brownie figures in different situations.
Cologne legend
As a template the Cologne Sage may be the first time in 1816 oral tradition Sage served In small nation wedding party on the Eilenburg from the legends collection of the Brothers Grimm , which relates to the medieval castle Eilenburg in Saxony Eilenburg should have happened. The saga appears for the first time in writing in 1826 in a work by the Cologne writer Ernst Weyden (1805–1869) as a short prose story with the reference "Oral" and the introduction:
“It may not have been more than fifty years ago that the so-called brownies in Cologne had been indulgent. It was little naked males who did all sorts of things, baking bread, washing and the like, several household chores; so it was told; but no one had seen them. "
It became popular in the poem version ( ballad ) from 1836 by the painter and poet August Kopisch (1799-1853), with which he transported the originally Rhineland legend from the Siebengebirge to Cologne:
“How was it at Cölln before,
With Heinzelmännchen so comfortable!
Because if you were lazy: ... you lay down
on the bench and groomed yourself:
Then came at night, before
you thought
about it, The little men raved
and clapped and made noises,
and plucked,
and plucked,
and hopped and trotted,
and cleaned and scraped ...
And eh a lazy man is still awake ...
all his day's work ... already done! "
relative
Related figures are the brownies from the English-speaking world, Nisse in Norway and Denmark and the Tomte in Sweden, who bring Christmas presents there as Julenisse or Jultomte (see also the related figure of the troll ). The brownies are among the models of the garden gnomes invented at the end of the 19th century . Commercial variants recently are the Mainzelmännchen as the mascot of the ZDF .
In the Netherlands they are called kabouters . In the 1960s and 1970s, a real cult developed around these fictional creatures. A lovingly illustrated work published by Wil Huygen and Rien Poortvliet also contributed to this, The Big Book of the Brownies. The whole truth about the origin, life and work of the dwarf people . New insights were discovered in clubs and circles and allegedly the shy creatures were photographed.
There is also a certain similarity to the Menehune of Hawai'i .
Heinzelmännchenbrunnen
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This Cologne fountain is located near the cathedral and opposite the oldest brewery in Cologne, the Früh , in the street Am Hof . ( 50 ° 56 ′ N , 6 ° 57 ′ E ) It was designed in the years 1899–1900 by the architect Heinrich Renard (1868–1928) and his father, the sculptor Edmund Renard the Elder (1830–1905), even though this was actually more committed to religious art. The fountain was donated by the Cologne Beautification Association on the occasion of the 100th birthday of August Kopisch (1799-1853). The original sculpture of the tailor's wife is in the Cologne City Museum in the armory issued Cologne and replaced the fountain by the weathering better resisting copy.
The basic shape of the Heinzelmännchenbrunnen is determined by a segment of a circle, the center of which is the three-pass-shaped granite fountain bowl . Above it rises the double staircase, on which the beautifully depicted tailor's wife stands with a lantern in her hand. It shines on the brownies who have fallen on either side and look up at it. Below her on the central pillar of the fountain, on a tape lying over a tailor's coat of arms, stands the core sentence of Kopisch's poem: “Curious was the tailor's wife”.
The massive parapet wall connects to the actual fountain to the west and east. It is made of sandstone. Eight reliefs adorn the wall. Six of them show the individual work of the night helpers. From left to right are the carpenter , the carpenter , the baker, the butcher , the tavern and finally the tailor . In between there are two relief plates with extracts from the poem in Gothic script . At the back of the fountain, an owl is sitting on a book with a magnifying glass in its claws. It stands for cleverness and wisdom, the book and the magnifying glass refer to the literary work of August Kopisch.
During the renovation of the fountain in 2017/18, the figural reliefs that had been damaged by a hydrophobic treatment were replaced with artificial stone casts. The originals went to the Cologne City Museum and the depot of the Cologne City Conservator.
There is also Heinzelmännchenweg in Cologne's Neuehrenfeld district near Takuplatz . ( 50 ° 58 ′ N , 6 ° 55 ′ E )
The artist Michael Weihe created the Heinzelmännchen fountain on the market square of Eilenburg , which refers to the Eilenburg Heinzelmännchen legend .
Heinzelmännchenplastik in Berlin-Alt-Treptow
Since 1981, the Treptower Park at the level of Bulgarische Strasse on the way to the Abbey Bridge on the island of Treptow (formerly " Insel der Jugend ") has been adorned by a work of art created by Werner Richter in bronze and granite, which shows four of the Cologne Heinzelmännchen, who strongly move a steep one Roll down stairs. The narrative group is one of the successful sculptures in Treptower Park from the time of the GDR . The 2001 with the a tram to the new district of Treptow-Koepenick federated Treptow founded for political change one with Cologne city partnership .
The work of art was dismantled by non-ferrous metal thieves and taken away in November 2014 , the responsible district office has filed a complaint against unknown persons and is investigating.
literature
- Ernst Weyden: Cöln's prehistory. Stories, legends and sagas of Cologne, along with a selection of Cologne folk songs . Schmitz, Cologne 1826
- August Kopisch: Die Heinzelmännchen zu Cologne , Regionalia Verlag, Rheinbach 2014, ISBN 978-3-95540-137-5
- August Kopisch: Poems . Duncker and Humblot , Berlin 1836.
- Rien Poortvliet, Wil Huygen: The big book of the brownies. The whole truth about the origin, life and work of the dwarf people . Stalling , Oldenburg, 1978. ISBN 3-7979-1668-X
- The Heinzelmännchen (and other stories from Grandpa's old book) CD radio play uccello verlag, ISBN 978-3-397337-80-7
- Handbook by Cologne Publishing House Hermann Wieger, Cologne 1925
- Yvonne Plum: Kölner Brunnen Hayit Verlag Cologne 1992
- Birgit Schilling, Karl Heinz Thurz: Fountain in Cologne . JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1988, ISBN 3-7616-0936-1 .
- Hans-Jürgen Mende and Kurt Wernicke (eds.): Berliner Bezirkslexikon Treptow-Köpenick. Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-89542-153-2 .
See also
- Púca
- Knockers
- Hinzelmann
- Tylwyth Teg
- The Eilenburger Heinzelmännchensaga
- The Heinzelmännchen , a German color fairy tale film from 1956
Varia
- The Heinzelmännchen employment agency has existed since 1949 , an institution of the Berlin Student Union , which was formerly located at the Free University of Berlin .
Web links
- Brownies, pictures and texts
- Poem by A. Kopisch (from the Cologne city guide, www.koeln-reisefuehrer.com )
- Home of the Heinzel (There is a Heinzelmännchen Christmas market in Cologne's old town)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Marianne Rumpf: How comfortable it was with Heinzelmännchen at Cölln before. Fabula, 17/1 (1976), pp. 45-74
- ^ Johann Christoph Adelung : The Heinzelmännlein
- ↑ The mandrake
- ^ Johann Christoph Adelung: The Heinz
- ↑ Rumpf, p. 70
- ↑ Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk (MDR): Riddles, Myths and Legends - The Heinzelmännchen von Eilenburg. (No longer available online.) Archived from the original on September 12, 2017 ; accessed on September 11, 2017 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ^ City administration Eilenburg: Heinzelmännchensage. Retrieved September 11, 2017 .
- ↑ Ernst Weyden: Cöln's Vorzeit. Cöln am Rhein, Pet. Schmitz, 1826, p. 200; Full text available at Wikisource .
- ↑ August Kopisch: Poems. Berlin, Duncker and Humblot, 1836, p. 98, the first stanza; Full text available at Wikisource .
- ^ Judith Breuer: The Heinzelmännchenbrunnen in Cologne. Almost an obituary. In: Kölner Domblatt. Yearbook of the Zentral-Dombau-Verein, 83rd episode, Cologne 2018, pp. 260-271, especially pp. 261-267
- ↑ Breuer: The Heinzelmännchenbrunnen ... In: Kölner Domblatt 2018, p. 268 u. 271
- ↑ Hans-Jürgen Mende, Kurt Wernicke (Ed.): Berliner Bezirkslexikon Treptow-Köpenick, Berlin 2009, p. 295.
- ↑ Karin Schmidl: The brownies are gone. In: Berliner Zeitung of November 27, 2014, p. 23.
- ↑ http://web.fu-berlin.de/chronik/b-picts/1949-1960/heinzel1.html
- ↑ Archived copy ( memento of the original from March 22, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ https://www.international.hu-berlin.de/de/studierende/aus-dem-ausland/wegweiser/8_bes_auslaenderstudium/8_1_2
- ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 25, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
