Hermann Landois

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hermann Landois (engraving, January 1896)

Hermann Landois (born April 19, 1835 in Münster ; † January 29, 1905 ibid) was a German zoology professor and founder of the Westphalian Zoological Garden in Münster (today: Allwetterzoo Münster ) and the Westphalian Provincial Museum for Natural History (today: LWL Museum for Natural History ).

Life

Landois was the son of the civil servant Theodor Ferdinand Landois (1794–1868) and his wife Antoinette Josephine Pollack. On his father's side, he came from Lorraine . The famous physiologist Leonard Landois was his brother. Landois attended the Paulinum grammar school in Münster and finally graduated from high school in Recklinghausen as an “external” in 1856 . In the same year he began to study theology and natural sciences at the Münster Academy . In 1859 he finished his studies and was ordained a priest .

Share for 10 Thaler from the Westphalian Zoological Garden in Münster from February 1, 1874, signed by Hermann Landois

From 1860 Landois earned his living as a tutor for a noble family for two years . He then worked as a lecturer at the agricultural school in Burg Botzlar , Selm . The following year he did his doctorate in zoology at the University of Greifswald . There he worked with his brother Leonard, who taught physiology as a doctor in Greifswald .

As a Catholic priest and teacher at the Paulinum grammar school in Münster, he was one of the first German educators to regularly prepare biological preparations for teaching purposes and to collect geological finds. Landois completed his habilitation in 1869 and got a job as a private lecturer in zoology at the Münster Academy. In 1873 Landois was appointed associate professor of zoology and three years later professor of zoology at the Münster Academy. The condition for this position was, however, that he had to give up teaching at the Paulinum. Landois was not granted a full professorship .

In 1871 Landois played a key role in founding the Westphalian Association for the Protection of Birds, Poultry and Songbirds . He also became head of the zoological section of the newly founded Provincial Association for Science and Art, which had been founded by his friend Ferdinand von Droste zu Hülshoff .

The Westphalian Zoological Garden was founded in Münster in 1874 and was the first zoo in Westphalia to open on June 26, 1875. Landois carried out the construction with creative financing ideas, for example he issued shares "zu 10 Thalern ". Landois earned an amount of 30,000 thalers through this alone. The establishment of the evening party at the Zoological Garden also helped with the financing. The Münster zoo was then located on a piece of land on Himmelreichallee and the Munster Aa , which Landois personally acquired.

His preoccupation with the natural sciences, his secular work in general, alienated Landois from the church more and more and in 1876 led to Landois being suspended from the priesthood .

Landois addressed the natural sciences, especially zoology, in well over 1000 publications. Some works, for example the textbook on zoology (1870) written together with Bernard Altum , are still considered to be important milestones towards modern biology teaching. The textbook on botany (1872) written with Carl Berthold was published several times. He also wrote fiction such as poems in the Münsterland dialect or his humorous novel Frans Essink , a satire on the clergy , of which he later wrote several sequels.

Technically Landois was versed: He developed the common today Landoisklappe (monkeys flap), the first time the animals a change between outdoor enclosure itself enabled and cage by one of them that open and self-closing door. Today's Aasee was largely propagated by him, although Italian workers could not start work on the reservoir until 1914 .

Professor Landois' water bus on the Aasee

Between 1975 and 2011 a “water bus” - a passenger ship in the style of the Dutch canal ships - ran on the Aasee between the Golden Bridge and the Allwetterzoo Münster . It was named in honor of Landois.

Tuckesburg

His somewhat quirky manner ran through his entire life. As a avowed bird lover, he founded an anti-cat association. At his home, the Tuckesburg , the stuffed monkey Lehmann acted as his constant companion. According to tradition, the monkey died of a "drunkard's liver" (med. Alcohol hepatitis ), and his horse Landois was often soaked with beer. During his lifetime he set a monument for himself in front of the Tuckesburg. It still exists today, but was given a new location in the all-weather zoo . It is noteworthy that he had the cylinder of his statue made as a nesting box. The Tuckesburg, built in 1883, can still be found at the location of the old zoo near the headquarters of the Bausparkasse LBS am Aasee.

Josef Winckler immortalized Hermann Landois in his novel The Great Bomberg , a Westphalian picaresque novel . Here Landois is portrayed as a friend and, in his extravagances, an equal partner of the also very quirky Gisbert Freiherr von Romberg at Buldern Castle near Münster.

The grave in the Münster Central Cemetery

Landois is buried in the central cemetery in Münster , so very close to "his" old zoo grounds.

Works

  • Frans Essink, sien Liäwen and Driewen as aoll Mönstersk child. Lenz, Leipzig (1874). ( Digitized edition 1884 )
  • Textbook of botany. (With Carl Berthold) Herder, Freiburg im Breisgau 1872. ( digitized version )
  • Textbook of Zoology. (Together with Bernard Altum) Riemann, Münster 1868 ( digitized version of the 3rd, presumably edition )
  • Call, statutes and plan for the establishment of a Westphalian zoological garden in Münster (1873, Online: ULB Münster )
  • Thierstimmen (Herder, 1874)
  • Westphalia's animal world in words and pictures (1883)
  • Valkyries ride against the bird and feather trim on the women's hats. A bouquet of satyrical poems. Crüwell, Dortmund 1883

literature

  • Hermann Löns : Münster's most popular man. In: From Westphalia. Colorful pictures of the red earth. Edited by Ludwig Schröder, Leipzig 1899, pp. 16-21 ( ULB Münster) .
  • Professor Landois. Life picture of a Westphalian scholar original of the three faithful: E [li] Marcus, K [arl] Prümer and E [mil] Rade. With 5 illus. Lenz, Leipzig 1907.
  • Markus Krause:  Landois, Hermann. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 13, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1982, ISBN 3-428-00194-X , p. 506 ( digitized version ).
  • Andreas W. Daum : Science popularization in the 19th century. Civil culture, scientific education and the German public 1848–1914 . 2nd, supplementary edition, Oldenbourg, Munich 2002, ISBN 978-3-486-56551-5 ., 385, 388, 412f., 498f.
  • Professor Landois - with wit and science. (Exhibition November 23, 2004 to January 29, 2005). Münster City Museum, Münster 2004.
  • Gregor Klapczynski:  LANDOIS, Hermann Johann Theodor. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 28, Bautz, Nordhausen 2007, ISBN 978-3-88309-413-7 , Sp. 972-984.  ( Article / beginning of article in Internet archive )
  • Tobias Arand: Lex mihi mars - Hermann Landois. In: heretics, owls, troublemakers. Outsiders in the academic milieu , ed. v. Matthias Steinbach and Michael Ploenus, Jena - Quedlinburg 2008, pp. 169–176.
  • Franz Josef Jakobi, Thomas Sternberg (ed.): Hermann Landois (1835–1905) natural scientist, theologian, city citizen, writer (= small writings from the Münster city archive, Volume 8). 2005.

Web links

Commons : Hermann Landois  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Hermann Landois  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Markus Krause: Landois, Hermann. German biography, deutsche-biographie.de
  2. ^ Markus Krause: Landois, Hermann. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie 13 (1982), p. 506 (online)
  3. ↑ Westfälische Nachrichten : A landmark is scrapping: The "Professor Landois" is retiring after 36 years. Münster, Lukas Speckmann, October 12, 2011
  4. ↑ Josef Winckler: The great Bomberg. A Westphalian picaresque novel. Edition of the Bertelsmann reading ring, Gütersloh 1961.
  5. ↑ Bernd Tenbergen, Prof. Dr. Hermann Landois. From theologian to the zoologist. Appreciation of a Westphalian original and important naturalist after 100 years. In: Heimatpflege in Westfalen , Volume 18, 3/2005, June 2005, pp. 1–11.
  6. ↑ Annual report of the Zoological Section of the Westphalian Provincial Association for Science and Art . P. 3. In: Twelfth annual report of the Zoological Section of the Westphalian Provincial Association for Science and Art for 1883 . Accessed April 30, 2020.
personal data
SURNAME Landois, Hermann
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German university professor, professor of zoology and founder of the Westphalian Zoological Garden in Münster
DATE OF BIRTH April 19, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Muenster
DATE OF DEATH January 29, 1905
Place of death Muenster