Heyrovskýit

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Heyrovskýit
Heyrovskýite - quartz.jpg
Silvery, shiny heyrovskýite crystals on quartz from Rakovník , Bohemia, Czech Republic (size: 50 mm × 43 mm × 32 mm)
General and classification
other names
  • IMA 1970-022
  • Heyrowskyit
chemical formula
  • Pb 6 Bi 2 S 9
  • (Pb, Ag, Bi) 6 Bi 2 S 9
Mineral class
(and possibly department) 		Sulfides and sulfosalts
System no. to Strunz
and to Dana 		2.JB.40b ( 8th edition : II / E.29)
03.03.03.01
Crystallographic Data
Crystal system orthorhombic
Crystal class ; symbol orthorhombic-dipyramidal; 2 / m  2 / m  2 / m
Space group Bbmm (No. 63, position 5)Template: room group / 63.5
Lattice parameters a  = 13.60  Å ; b  = 30.48 Å; c  = 4.11 Å
Formula units Z  = 4
Physical Properties
Mohs hardness 3.5 to 4 (VHN 50  = 166 to 234)
Density (g / cm 3 ) measured: 7.17; calculated: 7.18
Cleavage indistinct after {001}
Break ; Tenacity clamshell; brittle
colour tin white
Line color grey black
transparency opaque
shine Metallic gloss, tarnishing black

Heyrovskýite is a rarely occurring mineral from the mineral class of "sulfides and sulfosalts". It crystallizes in the orthorhombic crystal system with the chemical composition Pb 6 Bi 2 S 9 , so it consists of lead , bismuth and sulfur in a ratio of 6: 2: 9 and structurally belongs to the sulfo salts .

Heyrovskýit is opaque in any form and usually develops needle-like to prismatic crystals up to 20 mm in length, which are stretched in the direction of the c-axis and flattened in the direction of the x-axis. Fresh heyrovskýite samples are pewter-white in color and have a metallic sheen , but leave a gray-black line on the marking board . In the air, the mineral surfaces turn black over time.

Etymology and history

Jaroslav Heyrovský

Heyrovskýit was first discovered near Hůrky in the municipality of Čistá u Rakovníka in the Czech town of Okres Rakovník ( Rakonitz district ) and described in 1971 by Josef Klomínský, M. Rieder, C. Kieft and L. Mráz, who named the mineral after the Czech physical chemist and Nobel laureate Jaroslav Heyrovský (1890-1967) named.

In older publications, the mineral name can sometimes be found in the spelling Heyrovskyite or Heyrowskyite (without an acute over the y) or with w instead of v, which does not, however, correspond to the specifications for mineral naming of the IMA, for example for minerals after a person, it must be ensured that the spelling of the name is used (the only exceptions are spaces and capital letters, which are removed from the mineral name). The inconsistent spelling of their names in many minerals was corrected with the publication "Tidying up Mineral Names: an IMA-CNMNC Scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical marks" in 2008 and the Heyrovskýit has been spelled internationally since then with the associated acute.

The type material of the mineral is kept in the collection of Charles University in Prague (catalog no. 14265).

classification

Already in the outdated, but partly still in use 8th edition of the mineral classification according to Strunz , the heyrovskýite belonged to the mineral class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there to the department of "sulfosalts (S: As, Sb, Bi = x)", where it belongs together formed the unnamed group II / E.29 with Ashamalmit .

The 9th edition of Strunz's mineral systematics , which has been in effect since 2001 and is used by the International Mineralogical Association (IMA), classifies the heyrovskýite in the category of “sulfosalts with PbS as a model”. This is further subdivided according to the crystal structure, so that the mineral can be found according to its structure in the sub-section “Galena derivatives with lead (Pb)”, where together with ashamalmit and Eskimoite it forms the unnamed group 2.JB.40b .

The systematics of minerals according to Dana , which is mainly used in the English-speaking world , assigns the Heyrovskýite to the class of "sulfides and sulfosalts" and there in the department of "sulfosalts". Here he is together with Mozgovait in the unnamed group 03.03.03 within the subsection “ Sulphosalts with the ratio 3 <z / y <4 and the composition (A + ) i (A 2+ ) j [B y C z ], A = Metals, B = semi-metals, C = non-metals ”.

Crystal structure

Heyrovskýit crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Bbmm (space group no. 63, position 5) with the lattice parameters a  = 13.6  Å ; b  = 30.48 Å and c  = 4.11 Å and 4 formula units per unit cell . Template: room group / 63.5

Education and Locations

Heyrovskýit forms in quartz - courses where he usually associated with albite , arsenopyrite , native bismuth , Bursait , chalcopyrite , covellite , Cosalit , galena , Galenobismutit , molybdenite , pyrite , sphalerite , siderite , microcline occurs.

As a rare mineral formation, Heyrovskýite could only be detected at a few sites, whereby so far (as of 2015) fewer than 60 sites are known. Its type locality Hůrky is the only known site in the Czech Republic to date .

In Germany, the mineral has so far only been found in the Clara mine near Oberwolfach in Baden-Württemberg, the Storch & Schöneberg mines near Gosenbach and Neue Hope in the Bensberger ore district in North Rhine-Westphalia and near Dietersdorf in the southern Harz in Saxony-Anhalt.

In Austria Heyrovskýit has been mainly in the Hohe Tauern , more precisely in the scheelite - deposit in Felbertal , in the area Siglitz - Bockhart in Gastein and in some places in Habachtal and Rauris in Salzburg and in the pit Milleiten in Zirknitztal in the Goldberg Group in Carinthia found.

In Switzerland, Heyrovskýit was found in rock samples that arose during road construction work on the Furka Pass near the Belvédère Hotel there and during the construction of the Mittalgraben tunnel between Goppenstein and Hohtenn .

Other locations are in Australia, China, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Canada, Mexico, Papua New Guinea, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Spain, the United Kingdom (UK) and the United States of America (USA) .

See also

literature

  • J. Klomínský, M. Rieder, C. Kieft, L. Mráz: Heyrovskýite, 6 (Pb 0.86 Bi 0.08 (Ag, Cu) 0.04 ) S · Bi 2 S 3 , from Hurky, Czechoslovakia, a new mineral of genetic interest. In: Mineralium Deposita. Volume 6 (1971), pp. 133-147.
  • Michael Fleischer : New mineral names. Heyrovskýite In: American Mineralogist. Volume 57 (1972), pp. 325–329 ( PDF 350.9 kB )
  • Y. Takéuchi, J. Takagi: The structure of heyrovskyite (6PbS · Bi 2 S 3 ). In: Proceedings of the Japan Academy. Volume 50 (1974), pp. 76-79
  • D. Pinto, T. Balić-Žunić, A. Garavelli, F. Vurro: Structure refinement of Ag-free heyrovskýite from Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Italy). In: American Mineralogist. Volume 96 (2011), pp. 1120–1128 ( PDF 1.02 MB )

Web links

Commons : Heyrovskýite  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Hans Jürgen Rösler : Textbook of Mineralogy . 4th revised and expanded edition. German publishing house for basic industry (VEB), Leipzig 1987, ISBN 3-342-00288-3 , p.  353 .
  2. ↑ a b c IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names; March 2015 (PDF 1.5 MB)
  3. ^ A b c Hugo Strunz , Ernest H. Nickel: Strunz Mineralogical Tables . 9th edition. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagbuchhandlung (Nägele and Obermiller), Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-510-65188-X , p.  143 .
  4. ↑ Stefan Weiß: The large Lapis mineral directory. All minerals from A - Z and their properties . 6th completely revised and supplemented edition. Weise, Munich 2014, ISBN 978-3-921656-80-8 .
  5. ↑ a b c Heyrovskýite , In: John W. Anthony, Richard A. Bideaux, Kenneth W. Bladh, Monte C. Nichols (Eds.): Handbook of Mineralogy, Mineralogical Society of America , 2001 ( PDF 64.3 kB )
  6. ↑ a b Friedrich Klockmann : Klockmanns textbook of mineralogy . Ed .: Paul Ramdohr , Hugo Strunz . 16th edition. Enke , Stuttgart 1978, ISBN 3-432-82986-8 , pp.  482 (first edition: 1891).
  7. ↑ prabook.org - Josef Klomínský
  8. ^ Ernest H. Nickel , Joel D. Grice: The IMA Commission on New Minerals and Minerala Names: Procedures and Guidelines on Mineral Nomenclature , In: The Canadian Mineralogist , Volume 36 (1998); PDF 328 kB , from p. 8
  9. ^ Ernst AJ Burke: Tidying up Mineral Names: an IMA-CNMNC Scheme for Suffixes, Hyphens and Diacritical marks , In: Mineralogical Record , Volume 39, No. 2 (March – April 2008); PDF 2.7 MB
  10. ↑ IMA / CNMNC List of Mineral Names 2009 (PDF 1.8 MB); For the current mineral list, see the IMA website
  11. ↑ Mindat - Number of localities for Heyrovskýite
  12. ↑ a b c List of localities for Heyrovskýite in the Mineralienatlas and Mindat