Vilayet Hejaz

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The Vilâyet Hejaz ( Turkish Hicaz Vilâyeti ) represented the Ottoman provincial administration in western Arabia in the second half of the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century as the successor to the Eyalet Jeddah and Habeş . It encompassed the Hejaz landscape , bordered in the north on the Vilayet Şam , in the west on the Red Sea and in the south on the Sanjak Asir des Vilayets Yemen . The border to inner Arabia in the east, which was under nominal Ottoman suzerainty, was not clearly defined. The seat of the governor was Mecca .

The Sanjaks Medina and Jeddah existed below the Vilayet , but no comprehensive administrative organization was carried out. Smaller administrative districts were set up in the port towns in which customs administrations were established, as well as in the north, prompted by the construction of the Hejaz Railway . So there were the Kazas Yanbu , al-Lith , al-Wajh and Akaba and the Nahiyes Taif , Rabigh , al-'Ula and Chaibar . The cities of Mecca, Medina and Jeddah were each organized as Belediye . The governor of Jeddah held the title Vali Kaymakamı in memory of the city's previous function as provincial capital , while Medina took the traditional title of Şeyhülharem . Boards of directors were established in the Vilayet and the Sanjaks. A post and telegraph administration was also established. Modern educational institutions and from 1874 the new middle schools called Rüştiye were introduced. The Sharia jurisdiction in as far from Kadi supervision of Mecca. The administration of the holy places in Mecca was the responsibility of a committee chaired by the Sherif of Mecca , consisting of an Ottoman Müdür , the porter of the sanctuary, the kadi and the Muftis of the four Sunni schools of law sent from Istanbul .

In 1868, under the Vilâyets Act of 1864, the territory was organized as Vilâyet. Supervision of the Ottoman presence in inner Arabia, which had previously been exercised by Eyalet Jeddah, was transferred to the Ottoman provincial administration in Iraq ( Vilayet Baghdad ) at the same time . Shortly after it was founded in 1872, the Vilâyet was downgraded to Mutasarrıflık , but raised again to Vilâyet in 1875. In 1908 the Sanjak of Medina was detached from the Vilayet and, as an independent Sanjak, was directly subordinated to the government in Istanbul . During the First World War , due to the Arab uprising of the Grand Sherif from 1915, the Vilayet Hejaz and the Sanjak Medina gradually escaped Ottoman control. After the Moudros armistice in 1918, the last Ottoman troops withdrew from Arabia and the Hejaz kingdom was established.

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  • Zekeriya Kurşun: Article Hicaz ( Part 2: [Osmanlı Dönemi] ) In: Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı İslâm Araştırmaları Merkezi (ed.): İslâm Ansıklopedisi , Vol. 17, pp. 437–439. Available online at http://www.islamansiklopedisi.info/dia/pdf/c17/c170216.pdf
  • Hans-Jürgen Kornrumpf: The Ottoman rule on the Arabian peninsula in the 19th century in: Hans-Jürgen Kornrumpf: Contributions to Ottoman history and territorial administration. Isis, Istanbul 2001, ISBN 975-428-199-8 , pp. 40-50