Vilayet Van

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The Vilâyet Van around 1900
Map for the Vilayet Van from 1892

The Vilâyet Van ( Ottoman ولايت وان İA Vilâyet-i Van ; Armenian Վանի վիլայեթ Wani wilajet ' ) was a province ( Vilâyet ) of the Ottoman Empire , which had significant Armenian and Assyrian population shares until the First World War . At the beginning of the 20th century it had a population of 400,000 and an area of ​​over 15,000 km².

history

The Vilâyet Van was created in 1875 when the Eyâlet Erzerum was divided into six Vilâyets: Erzerum , Van, Hakkâri , Bitlis , Hozat (Dersim) and Kars-Çildir . In 1878 at the Berlin Congress , it was named under the six Armenian Vilâyets ( Ottoman ولاية ستة İA Vilâyat-ı custom ). In 1888, by imperial decree, Hakkâri became part of Van, and Hozat part of the Vilâyets Mamuret ul-Aziz .

The economic center of the province was the city of Van . As a northern border province - both with Russian and Persian territories - it contained numerous garrisons. The vilayet was divided into the sanjaks of Van and Hakkari . From today's perspective, it comprised the provinces of Van and Hakkâri as well as parts of the provinces of Şırnak , Muş and Bingöl .

The province was the scene of the genocide of the Armenians and that of the Aramaeans during the First World War under the governor Cevdet Bey . The vilayet existed until 1922.

Armenian population of Van Province 1896.

Some areas were administered autonomously by Kurdish princes. They paid the tax and posted armed men on government orders. One of these Kurdish principalities was the principality of Hakkâri . There was also the principality of the Mahmudi (today Saray ) and the two Ocaklik of Kotuz and Müküs (today Bahçesaray ); the rest was administered directly by the Ottoman governor (Wali). In 1879 the Sheikh Ubeydallah uprising broke out here , which also spread to Persia.

population

The results of the first Ottoman census of 1885 (published in 1908) gave a population of 376,297.

Based on the 1905-06 Ottoman census (published in 1914), the population of Van Province consisted of 179,380 Muslims , 67,797 Armenians, and 1,383 Jews . However, the Ottoman census data only included male citizens, excluding women and children. Based on the prepared statistics and uniformly projected onto the year 1912, Justin McCarthy estimates the numbers as follows: 313,000 Muslims, 130,000 Armenians, 1 Greek, 62,400 Syrian Christians , Chaldeans and Nestorians , 1,798 Jews and 1,776.

geography

At the beginning of the 20th century Van had an area of ​​15,440 km² and lay along the Persian border between the Vilâyets Erzerum and Mosul . The northern sanjak comprised open plateau land in the north and east of Lake Van and had a large rural Armenian population as well as Kurdish seminomadic tribes who were mainly engaged in cattle and sheep breeding. There were also several fertile districts along the south bank of the lake. The southern Sanjak was entirely mountainous, poorly developed and the Muslim tribes were only partially under government control. This sanjak covered most of the upper basin of the Great Zab , with the land of the Nestorian Christians and many districts inhabited by Kurdish tribes - some of them were nomadic tribes who settled in the Tigris plains in winter .

Among the agricultural products, mention should be made of tobacco that was grown in Şemdinli for export to the Persian Empire .

Administrative division

Sanjaks des Vilayets:

  1. Sanjak from Van
  2. Sanjak from Hakkari

literature

Web links

Commons : Vilâyet Van  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Geographical Dictionary of the World . Concept Publishing Company, 1990, ISBN 81-7268-012-0 , pp. 1909 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search).
  2. ^ Mesrob K. Krikorian: Armenians in the Service of the Ottoman Empire: 1860-1908 . S. 39 ( limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ AH Keane: Asia . P. 460, Textarchiv - Internet Archive
  4. ↑ a b Census data from 1914. (PDF) (No longer available online.) General Staff of Turkey , pp. 605–606 , archived from the original on October 7, 2011 ; Retrieved April 15, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.tsk.tr
  5. ↑ Values ​​as printed on file: Proportions des populations en Asie Mineure statistique officielle d1914.png
  6. ^ Justin McCarthy: Muslims and Minorities . New York University Press, 1983, pp. 110-111
  7. ↑ Van Vilayeti . Tarih ve Medeniyet