Hieronymus Opitz the Elder

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Hieronymus Opitz the Elder (also Opitius the Elder ) (* 1519 in Lobendau in Bohemia ; † February 12, 1591 in Bischofswerda ) was a German Lutheran theologian.

Life

Hieronymus (Jeronimus) Opitz was born in Lobendau in the rule of Hainspach . After attending the schools in Stolpen and Bautzen , Opitz became tutor of the mayor Mag. Hieronymus Rupprecht (Ruperti) († before 1551) in Bautzen, possibly to earn money for a degree. He then moved to the University of Leipzig and finally received a scholarship through the agency of the Leipzig superintendent Johann Pfeffinger . In 1540 he was a teacher and in 1541 rector in Löbau , around 1541/42 rector in Roßwein in Meißen . He is not identical with " Hieronymus Opisch Dreßdensis ", who matriculated in Leipzig in 1542 . In 1543 Opitz was rector and in 1545 deacon in Döbeln , in 1547 pastor in Altmügeln , then from 1549 to 1559 pastor at the Dreikönigskirche in Altendresden . As a salary, he received 8  florins quarterly.

From 1549 (or 1545) Opitz was court preacher to Duchess Katharina von Sachsen (1487–1561), mother of Elector August von Sachsen (1526–1586). In 1555 he and other Saxon theologians signed a "consolation" for the evangelical preachers who had been expelled from Upper Lusatia and Bohemia.

In January 1559, Elector August appointed him the first Protestant pastor of Bischofswerda and superintendent of the office of Stolpen newly acquired by Saxony . Opitz held the office for more than 30 years. On December 28, 1560 he observed a celestial phenomenon, presumably a northern light, and published a report about it. Towards the end of his tenure, Opitz had to deal with so-called " crypto-calvinists ". The reformed pastor Mag. Caspar Teuder (1551-1608?) Was appointed as his successor in 1591 against the will of the council.

family

Opitz was married twice. He had his first marriage in Roßwein with Ursula Holtzberger, the daughter of the miller in Löbau, Thomas Holtzberger. The two were married for 23 years and had eleven children. We know of these:

  • Hieronymus Opitz the Younger (* around 1543 in Roßwein; † January 1, 1577 in Jena), attended school in Dresden and Freiberg, enrolled in 1554 as " Hieronymus Opitius Roswinensis " at the University of Wittenberg, March 20, 1565 Mag. Phil. ibid., March 25, 1565 ordained by Paul Eber at the city church in Wittenberg , then a deacon and substitute for his father in Bischofswerda, 1566 pastor in Kamenz, winter semester 1574 professor of theology and the Hebrew language at the University of Jena , teacher of Elias Hutter
  • Martin Opitz, * around 1546 in Döbeln, attended school in Dresden and Freiberg, enrolled in Wittenberg in 1564 (" Martinus Opicius natus de Do ... "), ordained in Wittenberg in 1566 and pastor in Zeidler in Bohemia, 1567 in Fischbach near Pirna , † 1581
  • Johannes Opitz, * around 1547 in Mügeln, school in Meißen from 1560 to 1566, enrolled in Wittenberg as " Iohannes Opicius Mugelensis " in 1564 , cantor in Senftenberg , 1573 pastor in Horka (Oberlausitz), 1577 in Großdrebnitz , † 1598
  • Matthäus Opitz
  • Georgius Opitz, * between 1549 and 1559 in Dresden, 1 March 1566 recorded “from Bischofswerda” in Schulpforta , 1567 as “ Georgius Opitius Dresdensis ” matriculated in Wittenberg, cantor in Transylvania
  • Sophia Opitz, married. with the Bautzen citizen Samuel Bernauer
  • Maria Opitz, married. with Erasmus Reichel

After the death of his first wife, he married Sara Birckner († after 1591) in Bischofswerda around 1568, the daughter of the former mayor of Bischofswerda, Samuel Birckner. From this marriage, which also lasted 23 years, there were nine children. We know of these:

  • Hieronymus Secundus Opitz, pastor in Lichtenberg near Freiberg
  • Elias Opitz, 1610, Vice-Principal Merseburg
  • Regina Opitz, married. I. with the rector in Roßleben Matthias Goldner, married. II. NN Holstein in Leipzig
  • Magdalena Opitz, married. with the pastor in Schletta (1589 to 1604) near Halle Christian Starcke (* around 1562)
  • Sara Opitz, married. NN Gottlober
  • Christiana Opitz, † after 1591, married. NN Mengemann

Works

  • Of the terrifying, large and few zeychen, which appeared in the sky on the day of the innocent little child, in the jar after the birth of Christ, M. D. LXI. In many places and towns, it has been seen brief explanations . Valentin Neuber, Nürnberg undated [1561] ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich)
    • Of the terrible and great few signs that appeared in the sky on the day of the innocent little child, in the jar after the birth of Christ, M. D. LXI. Kurtze Erklerunge has been seen in many places and towns . o. O o. J. ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library Munich)
  • (Translator :) Repetition of the Pure and Healthy Teaching, The Venerable in Christ Father and Mr. D. Martin Lutthers. Of the person and the holy supper of the Lord Christ . In the Vniuersitet zu Wittemberg publicly disputed by D. Iacobum Andreae . In it ... made your public confession. M. Johannes Schütz of the Vniuersitet doselbst Cantzler. Vnd M. Martinus Henricus of the Holy Scriptures Professor, to obtain the Gradum Licentiatus in Theologia. The 17th and the following three days ... Octobris. Anno Christi 1580. Verdeudscht by Hieronymum Opitium, the parents, pastor and superintendent of Bischoffswerda. Which the author himself overlooked and improved. Matthes Stöckel d. Ä., Dresden 1581 ( digitized version of the Bavarian State Library in Munich), ( books.google.de )
  • Laicum exam. Single question and answer from the Christian doctrine from the Little Catechismo D. Martin Luther , in front of the Leyen New gestalt by Hieronymum Opitium, pastors and superintendents to Bischoffswerda. Michael Wolrab, Bautzen 1583
    • 2nd ed. Examen Laicum. Leyen or KinderLehrBüchlein , o. O. o. J. [around 1590]

literature

  • Christoph Hildisch: A consoling funeral sermon Bey of the ... corpse of the ... Lord Hieronymi Opitii, of the ... Elector's Office Stolpen Superintendent, and the churches assigned to the same in Bischoffßwerda ... pastor . Which fell asleep on February 12th of the 1591st year ... And following February 16th ... was buried, held by M. Christophorum Hildisch, Diaconum there. And now ask ... of his ... sons written together and printed, Georg Hoffmann, Freiberg 1608 ( digitized version of the Berlin State Library)
    • (reprinted in excerpts with additions in :) Michael Pusch, Christian Heckel: Historical description of the city of Bischoffswerda . Jakob Harpeter, Dresden 1713, pp. 89-91 ( books.google.de ).
  • Johann Christian Stern: Descriptions of the lives of the pastors of the town of Bischofswerder, from the healing Reformation up to the present day, so much of them had to be found from old documents and partly printed documents. Along with the attached short message from whom Archi- and Diaconis were placed in the light of the church. Siegesmund Ehrenfried Richter, Dresden and Leipzig, 1754, pp. 9-18 ( books.google.de ).
  • Georg Müller: Source studies on the history of the Saxon court preacher II. Hieronymus Opitius, court preacher of the Duchess Katharina of Saxony and reformer of Bischofswerda . In: Journal for Church Science and Church Life 7 (1886), pp. 624–632 ( babel.hathitrust.org ).
  • Reinhold Grünberg: Saxon Pastors' Book II / 2 , Freiberg i. S .: Ernst Mauckisch 1940, p. 658f

Individual evidence

  1. In the preface to the repetition of the pure and healthy teaching . Matthes Stöckel d. Ä., Dresden 1581, and in the will of 1591: “ Lobendanus ”; Johann Christian Stern: Life descriptions of their pastors in the city of Bischofswerder . Siegesmund Ehrenfried Richter, Dresden and Leipzig 1754, p. 9.
  2. Studies in Leipzig, 1516 Baccalaureus, 1518 Magister, college friend of Caspar Cruciger (1504–1548)
  3. " Hieronymus Opitz de Schackanau Lusatus " (" from Schakanau in der Lausitz ", today: Czekanów, district of Zbrosławice ), who moved into the University of Wittenberg on September 27, 1540 and was a table-worker with Martin Luther (1483–1545) however, it is probably a namesake; different Karl Wilhelm Mittag: Chronicle of the royal Saxon city of Bischofswerda , Bischofswerda: Friedrich May 1861, p. 309 f. ( books.google.de ).
  4. Without an entry in the matriculation.
  5. Christoph Hildisch: A consoling funeral sermon . Georg Hoffmann, Freiberg 1608.
  6. Variant: Opitz .
  7. ^ So Karl Wilhelm Mittag: Chronicle of the royal Saxon city of Bischofswerda , Bischofswerda: Friedrich May 1861, p. 309.
  8. Parish office and the stay in Mügeln are controversial, a namesake is also expected here (then the move to Dresden would have to be around 1545/46). Michael Pusch, Christian Heckel: Historical description of the city of Bischoffswerda . Jakob Harpeter, Dresden 1713, p. 90, a handwritten curriculum vitae with the station Mügeln was available.
  9. Epistola Consolatoria Theologoru [m] in Misnia, ad Pastores in finibus Bohemiae et Lusatiae , qui persecutionem propter puram Evangelij doctrinam, jam ferunt. Anno. M.D. LV. Matthes Stöckel, Dresden, 1555 ( digitized version of the University and State Library Saxony-Anhalt Halle).
  10. Carl Samuel Senff: Church Reformation and Jubilation History of the vormahls Bischöflich-Meißnischen, voritzo but Churfürstl. Saxon, Stolpen District . David Richter, Bautzen 1719, p. 207f ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library).
  11. See the woodcut by Hans Glaser († 1573): Apparition in the sky near Nuremberg on December 28, 1560 ; Thomas Gutwald: "Prodigium hoc cum nostro seculo inusitatum sit ...". The northern lights of December 28, 1560 as the object of networked perception by early modern information systems . In: Wolfgang Harms , Alfred Messerli (ed.): History of perception and discourse of knowledge in the illustrated leaflet of the early modern period (1450-1700) , Basel: Schwabe & Co. 2002, pp. 239–264.
  12. Johann Gottfried Lessing : Two-hundred-year-old memorial writing of the first Protestant sermons, which were held in the six-city Camentz, 1527, at Easter . Hensius, Leipzig 1727, pp. 79–81 ( digitized version of the Saxon State Library - Dresden State and University Library).
  13. AAV p. 294 Col. b, No. 17
  14. UA Halle Tit. XXXXV, 1, 2, p. 196, No. 17 (Deanery Book of the Philosophical Faculty of the University of Wittenberg)
  15. Cf. Georg Buchwald: Wittenberger Ordiniertenbuch II. 1560-1572 , Wittenberg: Georg Wigand 1895, p. 42., No. 471
  16. Cf. Arno Werner: Music and Musicians in the Pforta State School . In: Anthologies of the International Music Society 8 (1906-1907), pp. 535–550, esp. P. 548. and Pförtner Album p. 38
  17. 1614 a musician "Georg Opitz" is mentioned in Leipzig, but there is also a namesake "Georgius Opitius de Lipa" (Leipa, Czech Lípa , today part of Všestary ), musician and tenorist.
  18. December 28, 1560; the year 1561 starts with the 1st Advent 1560.
  19. Martin Heinrich from Sagan in Silesia, enrolled in Wittenberg in 1551, master's degree in 1564, professor in 1577, † 1584 in Wittenberg.
  20. Dedication to Hans Friedrich Hoffmann, Baron zu Grünbühel and Strechau (1538 / 39–1589 / 90), son of Hans Hofmann von Grünbühel (around 1492–1564), a leading figure in Austrian and Styrian Protestantism.
  21. title page missing; Duchess Anna Amalia Library Weimar (Call number: Cat XVI: 272).
  22. From Dresden , * 1553, Magister, Rector in Altendresden, 1584 Deacon in Bischofswerda, † 1618 in Bischofswerda.