Hirono (Fukushima)

Hirono-machi 広 野 町
Geographical location in Japan
Region :	Tōhoku
Prefecture :	Fukushima
Coordinates :	37 ° 13 '  N , 141 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 12 '52 "  N , 140 ° 59' 40"  E
Basic data
Surface:	58.39 km²
Residents :	3934 (April 1, 2020)
Population density :	67 inhabitants per km²
Community key :	07541-8
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Tree :	cherry
Flower :	Lilium auratum
Bird :	Zosterops japonicus
town hall
Address :	Hirono Town Hall 35 Aza Nawashirogae, Ōaza Shimokitaba Hirono - machi , Futaba-gun Fukushima  979-0402
Website URL:	www.town.hirono.fukushima.jp
Location Hironos in Fukushima Prefecture

Hirono ( Japanese 広 野 町 , - machi ) is a small town in the district of Futaba in the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima .

In Japan Hirono is for the national football training center J-Village is known in which up to the Tohoku Earthquake in 2011 , the national team was training. Thereafter, the training center was used as a shelter for workers involved in the cleanup of the Fukushima nuclear disaster .

geography

Hirono is located on the Pacific Ocean . The Abukuma highlands , which are dominated by forests and largely uninhabited, rise 10 km from the coast . Its highest point in the municipality is the Gosha-yama ( 五 社 山 ) with 685.3 m. The Asami-gawa ( 浅見 川 ) river rises on its south side and flows into the Pacific after 21 km near the city center. Other rivers in the municipality are the Oriki-gawa ( 折 木 川 ), which flows about one kilometer to the south, and the Kitaba-gawa ( 北 迫 川 ), which flows about one kilometer to the north . Both arise just outside of the municipality.

Hirono is surrounded by Naraha in the north and Iwaki in the south.

history

At the Uetagō ( 上 田 郷 遺跡 , Uetagō iseki ) site, ceramics from the Jōmon period were found, which show that the area around Hirono was already populated at that time.

In the late 15th century, the Iwaki clan had the no longer preserved Takakura Castle ( 高 倉 城 , Takakura-jō ) built on the 122.5 m high Takakura Hill , from which the surrounding region to the northern part of the Iwaki district ( 磐 城郡 ) has been checked.

The municipality of Hirono was created in the course of the nationwide reorganization of the municipal system on April 1, 1889 and was located in the then Naraha district ( 楢葉郡 , - gun ). This district was on April 1, 1896 with the district Shineha ( 標葉郡 , -gun ) to the district Futaba ( 双 葉 郡 , -gun ), literally: "two ha ( 葉 )" merged.

On April 1, 1940, Hirono was upgraded to a small town ( machi ).

In 1986, parts of a hadrosaur skeleton were found in Hirono , which some researchers consider to be a new species called Hironosaurus ( ヒ ロ ノ リ ュ ウ , Hironoryū ).

Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster 2011

Location of Hirono, the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant and the long-term evacuation zones

The municipality of Hirono, which had a population of 5,418 in the 2010 census, was hit by the Tōhoku earthquake on March 11, 2011 . 160 residential buildings were completely destroyed and 593 partially destroyed.

Development of the number of inhabitants (and number of households)
Time:				Number:
03/11/2011			5,490 (1,989)
09.2011			301 (189)
03.2012			267 (186)
09.2012			493 (290)
03.2013			825 (469)
09.2013			1,183 (624)
03.2014			1,399 (723)
09.2014			1,679 (846)
03.2015			1,938 (990)
09.2015			2,281 (1,166)
02.2016			2,420 (1,244)
Legend: Number of residents in the city (number of households in brackets) Notes: March 11, 2011: Tōhoku earthquake September 30, 2011: End of evacuation recommendation March 31, 2012: The mayor ends the evacuation order

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) reported two dead and one missing person up to their 145th damage report of March 13, 2012, then increased their number in their 146th damage report of September 28, 2012 to 28 dead and one missing person and by the 157th damage report of March 7, 2018, 47 dead and one missing person.

Due to the nuclear disaster in Fukushima caused by the earthquake, evacuation was recommended for a 20-30 km radius around the power plant, within which the city is completely located. On March 15, the local government was initially housed in the Ono sports hall and then moved to Iwaki on April 15 . When the government withdrew the evacuation recommendation at the end of September 2011, on December 14, 2011, Hirono was the first municipality to move back its administrative functions.

As a countermeasure to the nuclear disaster, a restricted area was designated around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant within a radius of 20 km. However, there were also many other locations with high radiation values ​​beyond this 20 km radius, as radioactive particles were carried away from the damaged power plant by the wind. These locations included 11 villages and cities, including Minamisōma , Naraha , Tomioka , Kawauchi , Ōkuma , Futaba , Namie , Katsurao , Iitate , Tamura and Kawamata . According to the evacuation orders of May 7, 2013, these regions were divided into four different categories according to their radioactive exposure: Areas with a radiation exposure of less than 20 mSv per year, which were treated by the government as a threshold value for permanent return Category 1. Areas of this Category 1 could be entered at their own discretion and without the use of protective equipment with the only restriction that they were not allowed to stay overnight there. These areas were ready for the evacuation order to be lifted. In areas with a radiation exposure between 20 and 50 mSv per year (category 2), residents were prohibited from permanent residence. Areas with over 50 mSv per year (category 3) were seen as unsuitable for a return of residents in the long term. A fourth evacuation area had a special status.

Hirono is an example of the fact that the number of returnees remains limited even in areas with relatively low levels of radiation from the air. Despite the cancellation of the evacuation orders by the mayor of Hirono in March 2012 and the restoration of a large part of the infrastructure by the city administration, only a quarter of the city's residents had returned in June 2013. While the government pushed ahead with decontaminating radioactive waste, removing rubble and rebuilding infrastructure, essential services such as those provided by local shops and medical facilities have not been fully resumed. In August 2012, the Hirona Primary School in the city of Hirono resumed classes, but only 20 percent of the students returned to the school.

traffic

The main highways from Hirono are the Jōban highway to Misato and the national road 6 to Chūō (Tokyo) or Sendai .

There is a connection to the rail network with the JR Jōban line to Nippori station in Arakawa or Iwanuma .

The Jōban line towards Iwanuma has its current terminus here, and the motorway also ends at the exit to Hirono, as the restricted zone then follows.

education

In Hirono there is the Hirono Elementary School ( 広 野 町 立 広 野 小学校 , Hirono-chōritsu Hirono shōgakkō ) and the Hirono Middle School ( 広 野 町 立 広 野 中 学校 , Hirono-chōritsu Hirono chūgakkō ).

Town twinning

On July 29, 2008, Misato became a twin town in Saitama Prefecture .

Hirono power plant

Tepco operates the Hirono power plant approx. 3 km north of the city. It has three blocks with 600 MW and two blocks with 1000 MW in which heavy oil , crude oil and coal are burned. This power plant, located directly on the Pacific Ocean , was damaged by the Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011 and was put back into operation after four months.

Web links

Commons : Hirono  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図 , 国土 地理 院 ( Kokudo Chiriin , Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, formerly: Geographical Survey Institute = GSI), www.gsi.go.jp: 地理 院 ホ ー ム> 防災 関 連> 平 成 23 年 （2011年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 に 関 す る 情報 提供> 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図:

The GSI published here a map with Hirono ( 浸水範囲概況図16 ) on which the 2011 flooded areas are drawn on the basis of reports of aerial photographs and satellite images from the Tōhoku tsunami, as far as was possible.

• Fumio Masutani: Life goes on for communities near no-entry zone ( Memento from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) (English)

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 観 光 情報: 海 ・ 山 ・ 川 . Hirono, archived from the original on October 13, 2011 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
2. ↑ ^{a b c} 50. 自然 と 歩 く 広 野 回廊 (広 野 町) / ふ く し ま の 歴 史 と 文化 の 回廊 . Fukushima Prefecture, archived from the original on February 19, 2013 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
3. ↑ 平 成 22 年 国 勢 調査 - 人口 等 基本 集 計 結果 - （岩手 県 ， 宮城 県 及 び 福島 県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .
4. ↑ ^{a b c} 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated). 
5. ↑ ^{a b} 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 157 報） ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.
6. ↑ 福島県広野町東Ukraine Belarus Kazakhstan大震災の記録II福島県双葉郡広野町(平成26年4月~平成28年3月)ふる里"幸せな帰町"復興·再生への道のり ( Memento of 15 April 2018 WebCite ) , town.hirono.fukushima.jp (福島 県 双 葉 郡 広 野 町), March 11, 2016.
7. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 145 報） ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.
8. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.
9. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.
10. ↑ 4 月 15 日 （金） 広 野 町 役 場 湯 本 支 所 を 開設 し ま す （4/13） . Hirono, April 20, 2011, archived from the original on October 19, 2011 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
11. ↑ Earthquake Report - JAIF, No. 203. JAIF, September 27, 2011, p. 4 , archived from the original on December 11, 2011 ; accessed on December 22, 2011 (English). 
12. ↑ 1st Fukushima town assembly held locally after evacuation. (No longer available online.) In: The Mainichi Daily News. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, December 15, 2011, formerly in the original ; accessed on December 22, 2011 (English).  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.    
13. ↑ Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN  2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .
14. ^ The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 36, pp. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
15. ^ Tepco: Restoration of devastated thermal power station . Retrieved January 26, 2013.
16. ↑ Tsuyoshi Inajima: Tokyo Electric Starts No. 1 unit at Hirono Thermal-Power Station . Bloomberg.com. July 4, 2011. Retrieved January 26, 2013.