Naraha (Fukushima)

Naraha-machi 楢 葉 町
Geographical location in Japan
Region :	Tōhoku
Prefecture :	Fukushima
Coordinates :	37 ° 17 '  N , 141 ° 0'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 16 '57 "  N , 140 ° 59' 37"  E
Basic data
Surface:	103.45 km²
Residents :	3937 (April 1, 2020)
Population density :	38 inhabitants per km²
Community key :	07542-6
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Tree :	Crescent fir
Flower :	Lilium auratum
Bird :	Japanese Bush Warbler
town hall
Address :	Naraha Town Hall 5 - 6 , Aza Kanetsukidō, Ōaza Kitada Naraha - machi , Futaba-gun Fukushima  979-0696
Website URL:	http://www.town.naraha.lg.jp/
Location of Narahas in Fukushima Prefecture

Naraha ( Japanese 楢 葉 町 , - machi ) is a city in Futaba County in the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima .

In Japan, Naraha is known for the national football training center J-Village , where the national team also trains, but also for its almost complete evacuation in the wake of the Fukushima nuclear disaster .

The Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant extends to the north of the municipality and in the neighboring municipality of Tomioka .

geography

Naraha is on the Pacific Ocean . The Abukuma highlands , which are dominated by forests and largely uninhabited, rise 10 km from the coast . Its highest point in the municipality is the Hatotogisu-yama ( 郭 公 山 ) with 447.8 m.

Naraha is surrounded by Tomioka in the north, Kawauchi in the northwest, Iwaki in the southwest and Hirono in the south.

history

The community of Naraha was created in 1956 from the amalgamation of the village communities Kido ( 木 戸 村 , - mura ) and Tatsuta ( 竜 田村 , -mura ). The name was taken from the district of Naraha ( 楢 葉 郡 , - gun ), which on April 1, 1896 with the district of Shineha ( 標 葉 郡 , -gun ) to the district of Futaba ( 双 葉 郡 , -gun ), literally: "two ha ( 葉 ) ", Was merged.

Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster 2011

Location reference from Naraha to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
and the long-term evacuation zones

As of April 22, 2011:
Orange = restricted area within a 20 km radius
Yellow = "Evacuation Prepared Area"
Pink = "Deliberate Evacuation Area"

As of June 15, 2012:
In addition to the restricted area and “Deliberate Evacuation Area”, there are 3 categories:
Category 1: Area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted
Category 2 = residents are prohibited from permanent residence.
Category 3 = long-term unsuitable for return of residents

Damage and sacrifice

The city was hit on March 11, 2011 by the Tōhoku earthquake and the tsunami that it triggered . 147 residential buildings were completely destroyed and 1,218 partially destroyed. The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) reported 37 deaths for Naraha as a result of the Tōhoku triple disaster of 2011 up to their 145th damage report of March 13, 2012, then increased their number in their 146th damage report of March 28, 2012 September 2012 to 77 dead and 2 missing and up to the 157th damage report of 7 March 2018 to 149 dead and 2 missing.

Measured against the total population of Naraha, which was given as 7,700 in the 2010 census, the casualty rate from the 2011 disaster was 2.0% if all dead and missing persons recorded in the 157th FDMA damage report are taken into account.

evacuation

The city of Naraha was hit by the Fukushima nuclear disaster following the earthquake and tsunami .

As a countermeasure to the nuclear disaster, a restricted area was designated around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant within a radius of 20 km. However, there were also many other locations with high radiation values ​​beyond this 20 km radius, as radioactive particles were carried away from the damaged power plant by the wind. These places included Naraha and 10 other villages and cities, including Minamisōma , Tomioka , Kawauchi , Ōkuma , Futaba , Namie , Katsurao , Iitate , Tamura and Kawamata . According to the evacuation orders of May 7, 2013, these regions were divided into four different categories according to their radioactive exposure: Areas with a radiation exposure of less than 20 mSv per year, which were treated by the government as a threshold value for permanent return Category 1. Areas of this Category 1 could be entered at their own discretion and without the use of protective equipment with the only restriction that they were not allowed to stay overnight there. These areas were ready for the evacuation order to be lifted. In areas with a radiation exposure between 20 and 50 mSv per year (category 2), residents were prohibited from permanent residence. Areas with over 50 mSv per year (category 3) were seen as unsuitable for a return of residents in the long term. A fourth evacuation area had a special status.

The Naraha Municipal Government evacuated to Aizumisato , and has had its official seat there since December 21, 2011, with a branch in Iwaki . As early as 2006, the city of Naraha concluded an agreement on mutual disaster relief with the city of Aizumisato, which is also in Fukushima prefecture, but relatively far from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. When the nuclear disaster struck in 2011, most of the evacuees from Naraha City were moving to Aizumisato City evacuation centers managed by local officials. It was a rare example of successful collaboration between two parishes, strengthened by their long-standing friendly relationships. In most other cases, evacuates were forced to leave Fukushima Prefecture due to the risk of radiation and lived in evacuation centers run by the evacuees' communities rather than the host communities.

Exclusion zone

The community of Naraha had to be evacuated for the most part due to the nuclear disaster triggered by the natural disaster in Fukushima , as its area lies within the 20 km exclusion zone except for a thin strip in the south and the sparsely populated southwest. As of August 10, 2012, the area of ​​Naraha City within the 20 km zone was designated as a Category 1 Zone (areas ready to lift the evacuation order). On September 4, 2015, the evacuation order for Naraha was lifted again.

Returnees

In December 2011, administration buildings in Naraha were also decontaminated as a first step towards a return of the residents. According to media reports, five years after the disaster 440, mostly elderly residents - including only twelve under the age of 30 - had returned to the place, which was intended to serve as a model for the reconstruction work.

traffic

The main highway from Naraha is National Road 6 to Chūō (Tokyo) or Sendai .

There is a connection to the rail network with the JR Jōban line to Nippori station in Arakawa or Iwanuma . There are two train stations in Naraha: Kido and Tatsuta.

education

In Naraha there are the primary schools Naraha-Süd ( 楢 葉 町 立 楢 葉 南 小学校 , Naraha-chōritsu Naraha minami shōgakkō ) and Naraha-Nord ( 楢 葉 町 立 楢 葉 北 小学校 , Naraha-chōritsu Naraha 葉. Naraha 葉aha 葉町中 学校 , Naraha-chōritsu Naraha chūgakkō ).

Town twinning

In August 1996, Niitsuru became the sister city of Naraha. After Niitsuru was absorbed into the new parish of Aizumisato on October 1, 2005, a new sisterhood was continued with this on February 21, 2006.

Web links

Commons : Naraha  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図 , 国土 地理 院 ( Kokudo Chiriin , Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, formerly: Geographical Survey Institute = GSI), www.gsi.go.jp: 地理 院 ホ ー ム> 防災 関 連> 平 成 23 年 （2011年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 に 関 す る 情報 提供> 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図:

The GSI published here a map with Naraha ( 浸水範囲概況図16 ) on which the 2011 flooded areas are drawn on the basis of reports of aerial photographs and satellite images from the Tōhoku tsunami, as far as was possible.

Individual evidence

1. ↑ 51. 風土 の 特色 を 探 る (楢 葉 町) / ふ く し ま の 歴 史 と 文化 の 回廊 . (No longer available online.) Fukushima Prefecture, archived from the original on September 13, 2012 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
2. ^ Reiko Hasegawa: Disaster Evacuation from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Disaster and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident . In: Studies . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN  2258-7535 , p. 1-54 . (Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales, IDDRI).
3. ↑ Masaru Arakida, Mikio Ishiwatari: Evacuation . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 11, pp. 99-108 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
4. ↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , here: p. 335, Map 36.1 "Rearrangement of evacuation zoning" "Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.", License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
5. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (June 15, 2012) ( Memento July 9, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
6. ↑ ^{a b c} 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 157 報） ( Memento from March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 18, 2018 on WebCite )),総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.
7. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 145 報） ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.
8. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.
9. ↑ 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 19, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated). 
10. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.
11. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 153 報） ( Memento of March 10, 2016 on WebCite ) , 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 8, 2016 .
12. ↑ 平 成 22 年 国 勢 調査 - 人口 等 基本 集 計 結果 - （岩手 県 ， 宮城 県 及 び 福島 県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .
13. ↑ ^{a b} Toshiaki Keicho: Evacuation Center Management . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 18, pp. 155–159 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
14. ↑ Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN  2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated). 
16. ↑ 楢 葉 町 会 津 美 里 出 張 所 が 正式 に 移 転 と な り ま す . (No longer available online.) Naraha, December 19, 2011, archived from the original on December 19, 2011 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
17. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (November 30, 2012) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
18. ↑ Residents of a city near Fukushima are allowed to return. In: Deutsche Welle. September 5, 2015, accessed September 8, 2015 . 
19. ↑ Earthquake Report - JAIF, No. 281 ( Memento from December 14, 2011 on WebCite ) (English, PDF; 211 kB). JAIF / NHK, December 4, 2011, accessed December 14, 2011.
20. ↑ Rebuilt but abandoned: Japan five years after the tsunami ( memento from March 9, 2016 on WebCite ), de.euronews.com, March 9, 2016.
21. ↑ 姉妹 都市 福島 県 楢 葉 町 . (No longer available online.) Aizumisato, archived from the original on August 10, 2016 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.