Futaba (Fukushima)

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Futaba-machi
双 葉 町
Futaba
Geographical location in Japan
Futaba (Fukushima) (Japan)
Red pog.svg
Region : Tōhoku
Prefecture : Fukushima
Coordinates : 37 ° 27 '  N , 141 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 26 '57 "  N , 141 ° 0' 44"  E
Basic data
Surface: 51.40 km²
Residents : 0
(April 1, 2020)
Population density : 0 inhabitants per km²
Community key : 07546-9
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Flag / coat of arms of Futaba
Tree : Cedar tree
Flower : Cherry Blossom
Bird : Colored pheasant
town hall
Address : Futaba Town Hall
28 Aza Maeoki, OÁZA Shinzan
Futaba -machi, Futaba-gun
Fukushima  979-1495
Website URL: www.town.fukushima-futaba.lg.jp
Location Futabas in Fukushima Prefecture
Location of Futabas in the prefecture

Futaba ( Japanese 双 葉 町 , - machi ) is a ghost town in Futaba County in the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima .

geography

Location of the town centers of Futaba and Ōkuma, west of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (red position marker)

Futaba is located on the Pacific Ocean . The Abukuma highlands , which are dominated by forests and largely uninhabited, rise 10 km from the coast . Its highest point in the municipality is the Jūman-yama ( 十万 山 ) with 239 m.

The area of ​​the Pacific coast of Fukushima Prefecture consists (from north to south) of the regions of Sōma, Futaba and Iwaki. Futaba is located in the Futaba region, on whose territory the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in the city of Ōkuma is also located.

Futaba is surrounded by Namie in the north and Ōkuma in the south.

history

Futaba goes back to the village community of Shinzan ( 新 山村 , - mura ) from the then Shineha district ( 標葉郡 , - gun ), which was founded in the course of the nationwide reorganization of the community on April 1, 1889 . This district was merged on April 1, 1896 with the district of Naraha ( 楢葉郡 , -gun ) to the district of Futaba ( 双 葉 郡 , -gun ), literally: "two ha ( 葉 )".

On February 1, 1913, Shinzan was upgraded to a small town ( machi ). With the incorporation of the village of Nagatsuka on April 1, 1951, the name was changed to Shineha ( 標 葉 町 , -machi ) and exactly 5 years later to Futaba. The community took over the name of the former community Kamioka , which was renamed Futaba in 1950, but was incorporated into Tomioka in 1955 .

On April 1, 1958, the districts of Nakano ( 中 野 ) and parts of Morotake ( 両 竹 ) from neighboring Namie were incorporated, and parts of Nakahama ( 中 浜 ) and parts of Morotake followed exactly two years later .

The Fukushima nuclear disaster in connection with the Tōhoku earthquake in 2011 and the resulting tsunami affected the Futaba region particularly hard. Even years after the disaster, the area has not recovered.

Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster 2011

Position reference of Futaba to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
and the long-term evacuation zones
Fukushima evac april2011.svg
As of April 22, 2011:
Orange = restricted area within a 20 km radius
Yellow = "Evacuation Prepared Area"
Pink = "Deliberate Evacuation Area"
Rearrangement of evacuation zoning.jpg
As of June 15, 2012:
In addition to the restricted area and “Deliberate Evacuation Area”, there are 3 categories:
Category 1: Area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted
Category 2 = residents are prohibited from permanent residence.
Category 3 = long-term unsuitable for return of residents


In both cases, Futaba is completely within the restricted area

Damage and sacrifice

The community of Futaba was hit on March 11, 2011 by the Tōhoku earthquake and the resulting tsunami , with a high percentage of the houses (103 residential buildings) being completely destroyed.

On Futaba Beach, 4 km north of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, a tsunami track was measured in the forest at a height of 16.9 m, while nearby tsunami tracks in the vicinity of the forest reached heights of 12.2 m and 13.6 m. Such high tsunami heights are attributed to the flow deflection by sea walls and the initially increased flow resistance in the area of ​​the dense coastal pine forest.

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) reported 55 dead and one missing person for Futaba as a result of the Tōhoku triple disaster of 2011 up to their 145th damage report of March 13, 2012, then increased their number in their 146. Damage report from September 28, 2012 on 90 dead and 4 missing and up to the 158th damage report from September 7, 2018 on 167 dead and 4 missing.

Measured against the total population of Futaba, which was given as 6,932 in the 2010 census, the casualty rate from the 2011 disaster was 2.4% if all dead and missing persons recorded in the 157th FDMA damage report are taken into account.

evacuation

The nuclear disaster in Fukushima triggered by the natural events hit the place immediately adjacent to the power plant (blocks 5 and 6, which were saved in time, are in the Futabas municipal area) again with full severity. At 6 p.m. on March 11, slightly increased radioactivity levels were already measured in the area . It is assumed that the reactor core of Unit 1 was no longer completely covered with cooling water by this time. The consequence was a slight core damage, which worsened in the following period. An evacuation warning was given at 8:50 p.m. and the evacuation of the area was definitely ordered at 9:23 p.m. Futaba was subsequently completely evacuated in a first phase together with a few other places. Only to Saitama , where the people were housed in the Saitama Super Arena , and on 30/31. March about 1,300 people to Kazo , where the community administration has been based in the former Kisai high school since then.

As a countermeasure to the nuclear disaster, a restricted area was designated around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant within a radius of 20 km. However, there were also many other locations with high radiation values ​​beyond this 20 km radius, as radioactive particles were carried away from the damaged power plant by the wind. These places included Futaba and 10 other villages and cities, including Minamisōma , Naraha , Tomioka , Kawauchi , Ōkuma , Namie , Katsurao , Iitate , Tamura and Kawamata . According to the evacuation orders of May 7, 2013, these regions were divided into four different categories according to their radioactive exposure: Areas with a radiation exposure of less than 20 mSv per year, which were treated by the government as a threshold value for permanent return Category 1. Areas of this Category 1 could be entered at their own discretion and without the use of protective equipment with the only restriction that they were not allowed to stay overnight there. These areas were ready for the evacuation order to be lifted. In areas with a radiation exposure between 20 and 50 mSv per year (category 2), residents were prohibited from permanent residence. Areas with over 50 mSv per year (category 3) were seen as unsuitable for a return of residents in the long term. A fourth evacuation area had a special status.

Because radioactive decontamination takes a long time, Namie, Okuma, Futaba and Tomioka local governments began planning “temporary cities” or migrant communities for those displaced from their original communities in late 2011. Both municipal administrations and public institutions as well as the residents have been moved to these temporary cities. In December 2011, the Fukushima Prefectural Administration formulated a reconstruction plan, the basic concepts of which were to build a safe and sustainable non-nuclear society, to revitalize Fukushima and to restore cities. In March 2012, a law of "Special Measures for Fukushima Rebirth" was passed. In July 2012, the Cabinet adopted basic guidelines for reconstruction in Fukushima with the aim of promoting post-nuclear reconstruction and resuscitation in a holistic manner. From September 2012 to March 2013, the four communities Namie, Ōkuma, Futaba and Tomioka - to which the residents could not return - formulated rehabilitation plans. Since it was not known when people would be able to return to their home parishes, plans included relocation to other parishes but not detailed rebuilding of the original parishes.

The events of the fate of the residents after their evacuation were depicted in the documentary film Nuclear Nation I by director Atsushi Funahashi, which was shown on February 10, 2012 at the Berlinale . As the second part of the documentary, Nuclear Nation II was shown on February 10, 2015 at the Berlinale 2015 and on February 11, 2015 at the Japanese Cultural Institute in Cologne in the presence of the director.

Restricted area

The Futabas area was completely within the designated restricted area. On May 28, 2013, Naraha was removed from the exclusion zone and instead divided into two zones of categories 1 (area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted) and 3 (unsuitable for the return of residents in the long term) according to radioactive exposure. On March 31 and April 1, 2017, the Japanese government revoked the evacuation orders for around 32,000 residents from the four radiation-contaminated communities of Iitate, Kawamata, Namie and Tomioka, allowing them to return to their homes. The only places that were still the subject of evacuation orders were Futaba and Ōkuma and parts of the five neighboring towns and villages Minamisōma, Iitate, Namie, Tomioka and Katsurao.

On March 4, 2020, the government completely lifted part of the restricted area in the northeast of the city as well as the area around Futaba station due to advanced decontamination work. The released area corresponds to 4% of the urban area, so that the majority of Futaba continues to be classified as a restricted area.

traffic

The Governor of Fukushima Prefecture Masao Uchibori (1st from left), the Mayor of Futaba Shirō Izawa (4th from left), Prime Minister Shinzō Abe (3rd from right), Reconstruction Minister Kazunori Tanaka (2nd from right) and Transport Minister Kazuyoshi Akaba (1st from right) on March 7, 2020 on a platform of the Futaba station, which is about to reopen

The most important highways to Futaba are the national road 6 to Chūō (Tokyo) or Sendai, as well as the national road 288 to Kōriyama, which ends here .

Connection to the rail network is provided by the JR - Jōban line in a southerly direction to Ueno station or through connections to the Ueno-Tōkyō line to Tokyo station and in a northerly direction to Iwanuma . There is only one stop in Futaba.

education

In Futaba there are the primary schools Futaba North ( 双 葉 町 立 双 葉 北 小学校 , Futaba-chōritsu Futaba Kita shōgakkō ) and Futaba South ( 双 葉 町 立 双 葉 南 小学校 , Futaba-chōritsu Futaba Minami shōgakkō ) (( 双 双 葉 葉 , Futaba-chōritsu Futaba chūgakkō ), as well as the prefectural high school Futaba ( 福島 県 立 双 葉 高等学校 , Fukushima-kenritsu Futaba kōtō gakkō ).

Town twinning

1994 Mizuho in Kyoto Prefecture for sister city. However, this was incorporated into Kyōtamba in 2005 .

Web links

Commons : Futaba  - collection of images, videos and audio files
  • 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図 , 国土 地理 院 ( Kokudo Chiriin , Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, formerly: Geographical Survey Institute = GSI), www.gsi.go.jp: 地理 院 ホ ー ム> 防災 関 連> 平 成 23 年 （2011年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 に 関 す る 情報 提供> 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図:
The GSI published here a map with Futaba ( 浸水範囲概況図15 ) on which the 2011 flooded areas are drawn on the basis of reports of aerial photographs and satellite images from the Tōhoku tsunami, as far as was possible.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Yukihiro Ikegami, Shinichi Konno, Tsuyoshi Isosu, Shinju Obara, Takahiro Hakozaki, Masahiko Akatsu, Masahiro Murakawa: Current state of emergency medicine in Fukushima 4 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake . In: Emergency Medicine Journal . tape 32 , no. 8 , August 2015, p. 665–667 , doi : 10.1136 / emermed-2014-204622 . (Published online March 17, 2015). License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0).
  2. ^ Message 150 from the Prime Minister's Office, May 19, 1951
  3. ^ Message 135 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated March 31, 1956
  4. ^ Message 94 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day
  5. ^ Message 110 from the Prime Minister's Office, dated the same day
  6. ^ Reiko Hasegawa: Disaster Evacuation from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Disaster and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident . In: Studies . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN  2258-7535 , p. 1-54 . (Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales, IDDRI).
  7. ↑ Masaru Arakida, Mikio Ishiwatari: Evacuation . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 11, pp. 99-108 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  8. ↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , here: p. 335, Map 36.1 "Rearrangement of evacuation zoning" "Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.", License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  9. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (June 15, 2012) ( Memento July 9, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
  10. ↑ Quake death toll feared to top 1800, thousands more unaccounted for. In: Japan Today. March 13, 2011, archived from the original on March 13, 2011 ; accessed on August 10, 2016 .
  11. ↑ a b 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 158 報） ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite )
    ホ ー ム> 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 (東 日本 大 震災) 被害 報> 【過去】 被害 報>平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 被害 報 157 報 ～ (1 月 ～ 12 月) ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite ) , 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 158th damage report , September 7, 2018.
  12. ↑ Shinji Sato, Akio Okayasu, Harry Yeh, Hermann M. Fritz, Yoshimitsu Tajima, Takenori Shimozono: Delayed Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in the Former Exclusion Zone in Minami-Soma, Fukushima Prefecture . In: Pure and Applied Geophysics . tape 171 , no. December 12 , 2014, p. 3229-3240 , doi : 10.1007 / s00024-014-0809-8 . (Published online March 29, 2014).
  13. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て (第 145 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.
  14. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.
  15. ↑ a b 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 19, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated).
  16. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.
  17. ↑ 平 成 22 年 国 勢 調査 - 人口 等 基本 集 計 結果 - （岩手 県 ， 宮城 県 及 び 福島 県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .
  18. ↑ 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 157 報） ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.
  19. ↑ ENSI : Chronology of the course of the accident in Fukushima, from August 26, 2011
  20. ↑ 福島 ・ 双 葉 町 、 避難 先 を 埼 玉 ・ 加 須 市 に 移動 . In: 日 テ レ NEWS24. Nippon Terebi Hōsōmō , March 31, 2011, archived from the original on August 2, 2011 ; Retrieved August 2, 2011 (Japanese).
  21. ↑ Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN  2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .
  22. ↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  23. ^ Nuclear Nation. In: Berlin International Film Festival. 2012, accessed February 21, 2012 .
  24. ↑ http://www.serien.ninja/berlinale-2015-nuclear-nation-2-interview-mit-regisseur-atsushi-funahashi/
  25. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (From April 1, 2012) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
  26. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (May 7, 2013) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
  27. ↑ Even as Evacuation Orders are Lifted, Recovery Remains Distant Prospect for Many Fukushima Residents ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) , nippon.com, May 24, 2017, by Suzuki Hiroshi.
  28. ↑ Japan opens part of last town off-limits since Fukushima nuclear disaster. In: The Japan Times . March 4, 2020, accessed on March 10, 2020 .
  29. ↑ Abe visits Futaba just days before the anniversary of nuclear disaster. In: Asahi Shimbun . March 7, 2020, accessed on March 10, 2020 .