Tomioka (Fukushima)

Tomioka-machi 富 岡 町
Geographical location in Japan
Region :	Tōhoku
Prefecture :	Fukushima
Coordinates :	37 ° 21 '  N , 141 ° 1'  E Coordinates: 37 ° 20 '44 "  N , 141 ° 0' 32"  E
Basic data
Surface:	68.47 km²
Residents :	1292 (April 1, 2020)
Population density :	19 inhabitants per km²
Community key :	07543-4
Symbols
Flag / coat of arms:
Tree :	cherry
Flower :	azalea
Bird :	stilt
town hall
Address :	Tomioka Town Hall 622 - 1 , Aza Ōtsuka, OÁZA Motooka Tomioka -machi, Futaba-gun Fukushima  979-1192
Website URL:	http://www.tomioka-town.jp/
Location Tomiokas in Fukushima Prefecture

Tomioka ( Japanese 富 岡 町 , - machi ) is / was a city in the district of Futaba in the Japanese prefecture of Fukushima .

The Fukushima Daini nuclear power plant extends in the south of the municipality and in the neighboring municipality of Naraha . Since the Fukushima nuclear disaster , the city has been completely deserted due to evacuation; it is located in the exclusion zone around the damaged Fukushima I nuclear power plant.

geography

Tomioka is located on the Pacific Ocean . The Abukuma highlands , which are dominated by forests and largely uninhabited, rise 10 km from the coast . Its highest point in the municipality is the Ōkura-yama ( 大 倉山 ) with 593.1 m.

Tomioka is surrounded by Ōkuma in the north, Kawauchi in the west and Naraha in the south.

history

The community of Tomioka was created in the course of the nationwide reorganization of the community on April 1, 1889 from the amalgamation of six villages ( mura ) in the then Naraha ( 楢葉郡 , - gun ) district: Kobama ( 小 浜 村 , -mura ), Oragahama ( 小良 ヶ 浜 村 , -mura ), Kegaya ( 毛 萱 村 , -mura ), Kamikōriyama ( 上郡 山村 , -mura ), Shimokōriyama ( 下 郡 山村 , -mura ) and Hotokehama ( 仏 浜 村 , -mura ).

The district of Naraha was on April 1, 1896 with the district of Shineha ( 標葉郡 , -gun ) to the district of Futaba ( 双 葉 郡 , -gun ), literally: "two ha ( 葉 )", amalgamated.

On March 1, 1900, the village of Tomioka was upgraded to a small town ( machi ). It received its current expansion on March 31, 1955 with the incorporation of the neighboring city of Futaba (until 1950: Kamioka ), which is spelled the same as today's community of Futaba, but which received its name in 1956.

Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami and nuclear disaster 2011

Location reference of Tomioka to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant
and the long-term evacuation zones

As of April 22, 2011:
Orange = restricted area within a 20 km radius
Yellow = "Evacuation Prepared Area"
Pink = "Deliberate Evacuation Area"

As of June 15, 2012:
In addition to the restricted area and “Deliberate Evacuation Area”, there are 3 categories:
Category 1: Area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted
Category 2 = residents are prohibited from permanent residence.
Category 3 = long-term unsuitable for return of residents

In both cases, Tomioka is completely within the exclusion zone

Damage and sacrifice

The city was hit on March 11, 2011 by the Tōhoku earthquake and the tsunami that it triggered . 355 residential buildings were completely destroyed and 2,819 partially destroyed.

The Fire and Disaster Management Agency (FDMA) reported 91 dead and 3 missing persons for Tomioka as a result of the Tōhoku triple disaster of 2011 up to their 145th damage report of March 13, 2012, then increased their number in their 146. Damage report from September 28, 2012 on 137 dead and 6 missing and up to the 158th damage report from September 7, 2018 on 447 dead and 6 missing.

Measured against the total population of Tomioka, which was given as 16,001 in the 2010 census, the casualty rate from the 2011 disaster was 2.7%, if all dead and missing persons registered in the 157th FDMA damage report are taken into account.

While much research into catastrophic damage in the Sanriku region in Iwate and Miyagi Prefectures has been conducted and published, studies in Fukushima Prefecture have been limited due to the evacuation from the nuclear disaster at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. The first of these scientific studies in Fukushima Prefecture after the nuclear disaster was published in 2013 and examined tsunami heights using tsunami tracks on the coast in the evacuation zone within a radius of 20 km from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Several follow-up examinations were carried out in Minamisōma north of the nuclear power plant and in the places Nakoso and Naraha south of the nuclear power plant . The highest tsunami track was found at a height of 21.1 m TP on a coastal cliff in Tomioka, 7 km south of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. The investigations revealed that the distribution of tsunami heights on the coast in Fukushima prefecture was strongly influenced by complex offshore bathymetry . The Fukushima coast differs from the further north lying Sanriku and Sendai coasts by different topographical and bathymetric features. Compared to the Sendai Plain, the tsunami heights on the Fukushima coast were increased due to the convex coastline and the associated bathymetry off the coast, which tends to concentrate the tsunami energy.

evacuation

As a countermeasure to the nuclear disaster, a restricted area was designated around the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant within a radius of 20 km. However, there were also many other locations with high radiation values ​​beyond this 20 km radius, as radioactive particles were carried away from the damaged power plant by the wind. These places included Tomioka and 10 other villages and cities, including Minamisōma , Naraha , Kawauchi , Ōkuma , Futaba , Namie , Katsurao , Iitate , Tamura and Kawamata . According to the evacuation orders of May 7, 2013, these regions were divided into four different categories according to their radioactive exposure: Areas with a radiation exposure of less than 20 mSv per year, which were treated by the government as a threshold value for permanent return Category 1. Areas of this Category 1 could be entered at their own discretion and without the use of protective equipment with the only restriction that they were not allowed to stay overnight there. These areas were ready for the evacuation order to be lifted. In areas with a radiation exposure between 20 and 50 mSv per year (category 2), residents were prohibited from permanent residence. Areas with over 50 mSv per year (category 3) were seen as unsuitable for a return of residents in the long term. A fourth evacuation area had a special status.

Because radioactive decontamination takes a long time, Namie, Okuma, Futaba and Tomioka local governments began planning “temporary cities” or migrant communities for those displaced from their original communities in late 2011. Both municipal administrations and public institutions as well as the residents have been moved to these temporary cities. In December 2011, the Fukushima Prefectural Administration formulated a reconstruction plan, the basic concepts of which were to build a safe and sustainable non-nuclear society, to revitalize Fukushima and to restore cities. In March 2012, a law of "Special Measures for Fukushima Rebirth" was passed. In July 2012, the Cabinet adopted basic guidelines for reconstruction in Fukushima with the aim of promoting post-nuclear reconstruction and resuscitation in a holistic manner. From September 2012 to March 2013, the four communities Namie, Ōkuma, Futaba and Tomioka - to which the residents could not return - formulated rehabilitation plans. Since it was not known when people would be able to return to their home parishes, plans included relocation to other parishes but not detailed rebuilding of the original parishes.

As of August 2012, 30% of Tomioka's residents had left Fukushima Prefecture, while 18% lived in temporary housing and 52% in Fukushima rented apartments.

Exclusion zone

The municipality of Tomioka lies entirely in the 20 km exclusion zone established due to the Fukushima nuclear disaster , so the municipality was evacuated to Kōriyama . On March 25, 2013 Tomioka was removed from the exclusion zone and instead graded according to radioactive contamination into three zones of categories 1 (area ready for the evacuation order to be lifted), 2 (residents are prohibited from permanent residence) and 3 (long-term unsuitable for return of residents) assigned. On March 31 and April 1, 2017, the Japanese government revoked the evacuation orders for around 32,000 residents from the four radiation-contaminated communities of Iitate, Kawamata, Namie and Tomioka, allowing them to return to their homes. The only places that were still the subject of evacuation orders were Futaba and Ōkuma as well as parts of the five neighboring cities and villages Minamisōma, Iitate, Namie, Tomioka, Katsurao.

traffic

The main highways from Tomioka are the Jōban highway to Misato and the national road 6 to Chūō (Tokyo) or Sendai .

There is a connection to the rail network with the JR Jōban line to Nippori station in Arakawa or Iwanuma . Tomioka train stations are Tomioka and Yonomori.

Attractions

In the north of the city is the Yonomori Park ( 夜 ノ 森 公園 , Yonomori kōen , literally: " Night Forest Park") which is particularly for the more than 500 Somei-Yoshino cherry trees ( Prunus × yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino') more than 2.5 km in length is known and is therefore a popular place for the hanami during the cherry blossom season in April . In the Sengoku and Edo periods, the forest itself was the border between the possessions of the Iwaki clan or the later fiefdom Iwakitaira and those of the Sōma clan or the fiefdom Nakamura-Sōma .

education

Are in Hirono primary schools Tomioka 1 ( 富岡町立富岡第一小学校 , Tomioka-chōritsu Tomioka Daiichi shōgakkō ) and Tomioka 2 ( 富岡町立富岡第一小学校 , Tomioka-chōritsu Tomioka daini shōgakkō ), the middle schools Tomioka 1 ( 富岡町立富岡第一中学校 , Tomioka-chōritsu Tomioka Daiichi chūgakkō ) and Tomioka 2 ( 富岡町立富岡第二中学校, Tomioka-chōritsu Tomioka daini chūgakkō ), as well as the prefectural high school Tomioka ( 福島県立富岡高等学校 , Fukushima-kenritsu Tomioka Kōtō gakko ). In addition, there is a special school operated by the prefecture in Tomioka ( 福島 県 立 富 岡 養護 学校 , Fukushima-kenritsu Tomioka yōgo gakkō ).

Town twinning

Tomioka was twinned with New Zealand's One Tree Hill on December 6, 1983 . When this rose in 1989 in Auckland City , this took over the relationship. The relationship is referred to by Tomioka as the Sisterhood of Cities and by Auckland as the city friendship, which is primarily devoted to educational exchanges.

In addition, Tomioka has been friends with Haiyan County in the Chinese province of Zhejiang since June 20, 1995 .

Web links

Commons : Tomioka  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図 , 国土 地理 院 ( Kokudo Chiriin , Geospatial Information Authority of Japan, formerly: Geographical Survey Institute = GSI), www.gsi.go.jp: 地理 院 ホ ー ム> 防災 関 連> 平 成 23 年 （2011年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 に 関 す る 情報 提供> 10 万分 1 浸水 範 囲 概況 図:

The GSI published here a map with Tomioka ( 浸水範囲概況図16 ) on which the 2011 flooded areas are drawn on the basis of reports of aerial photographs and satellite images from the Tōhoku tsunami, as far as was possible.

Individual evidence

1. ^ Reiko Hasegawa: Disaster Evacuation from Japan's 2011 Tsunami Disaster and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident . In: Studies . No. 5 , 2013, ISSN  2258-7535 , p. 1-54 . (Institut du développement durable et des relations internationales, IDDRI).
2. ↑ Masaru Arakida, Mikio Ishiwatari: Evacuation . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , Chapter 11, pp. 99-108 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
3. ↑ Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books [accessed April 3, 2018]). , here: p. 335, Map 36.1 "Rearrangement of evacuation zoning" "Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.", License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
4. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (June 15, 2012) ( Memento July 9, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
5. ↑ ^{a b} 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て (第 146 報) ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 146th report, September 28, 2012.
6. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年) 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 145 報） ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from April 12, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 145th report, March 13, 2012.
7. ↑ 平 成 23 年 (2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 124 報) ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento from March 25, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 124th report, May 19, 2011.
8. ↑ 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved June 19, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated). 
9. ↑ 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （第 158 報） ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite )
   ホ ー ム> 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 (東 日本 大 震災) 被害 報> 【過去】 被害 報> 平 成 23年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 被害 報 157 報 ～ (1 月 ～ 12 月) ( Memento from October 3, 2018 on WebCite ) , 総 務 省 消防 庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), 158th Damage Report, 7 September 2018.
10. ↑ 平 成 22 年 国 勢 調査 - 人口 等 基本 集 計 結果 - （岩手 県 ， 宮城 県 及 び 福島 県） ( Memento from March 24, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF, Japanese), stat.go.jp (Statistics Japan - Statistics Bureau , Ministry of Internal Affairs and communication), 2010 Census, Summary of Results for Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures, URL: http://www.stat.go.jp/data/kokusei/2010/index.html .
11. ↑ 平 成 23 年 （2011 年） 東北 地方 太平洋 沖 地震 （東 日本 大 震災） に つ い て （第 157 報） ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite ) ( PDF ( Memento of March 18, 2018 on WebCite )), 総 務 省 消防庁 (Fire and Disaster Management Agency), March 7, 2018.
12. ↑ ^{a b} Shinji Sato, Shohei Okuma: Destruction mechanism of coastal structures due to the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in the south of Fukushima . In: Coastal Engineering Proceedings . tape 1 , no. 34 , 2014, p. 75 ff ., doi : 10.9753 / icce.v34.structures.75 .
13. ↑ ^{a b} Shinji Sato, Akio Okayasu, Harry Yeh, Hermann M. Fritz, Yoshimitsu Tajima, Takenori Shimozono: Delayed Survey of the 2011 Tohoku Tsunami in the Former Exclusion Zone in Minami-Soma, Fukushima Prefecture . In: Pure and Applied Geophysics . tape 171 , no. December 12 , 2014, p. 3229-3240 , doi : 10.1007 / s00024-014-0809-8 . (Published online March 29, 2014).
14. ↑ Dinil Pushpalal, Zhang Yan, Tran Thi Diem Thi, Yuri Scherbak, Michiko Kohama: Tears of Namie: An Appraisal of Human Security in the Township of Namie . In: Dinil Pushpalal, Jakob Rhyner, Vilma Hossini (eds.): The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake 11 March 2011: Lessons Learned And Research Questions - Conference Proceedings (11 March 2013, UN Campus, Bonn) . 2013, ISBN 978-3-944535-20-3 , ISSN  2075-0498 , pp. 80-87 .
15. ↑ ^{a b} Mikio Ishiwatari, Satoru Mimura, Hideki Ishii, Kenji Ohse, Akira Takagi: The Recovery Process in Fukushima . In: Federica Ranghieri, Mikio Ishiwatari (Ed.): Learning from Megadisasters - Lessons from the Great East Japan Earthquake . World Bank Publications, Washington, DC 2014, ISBN 978-1-4648-0153-2 , chap. 36 , p. 331–343 , doi : 10.1596 / 978-1-4648-0153-2 ( work accessible online on Google Books ). , License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO.
16. ↑ 東 日本 大 震災 図 説 集 . (No longer available online.) In: mainichi.jp. Mainichi Shimbun- sha, May 20, 2011, archived from the original on June 19, 2011 ; Retrieved December 22, 2011 (Japanese, overview of reported dead, missing and evacuated). 
17. ^ Nuclear evacuation zone revised in Fukushima's Tomioka. In: The Japan Times. March 26, 2013, accessed March 25, 2013 . 
18. ↑ Evacuation Areas Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), (METI Measures and Requests in response to the Great East Japan Earthquake> Assistance of Residents Affected by the Nuclear Incidents> Evacuation Areas): Restricted areas and areas to which evacuation orders have been issued (March 7, 2013) ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) (PDF)
19. ↑ Even as Evacuation Orders are Lifted, Recovery Remains Distant Prospect for Many Fukushima Residents ( Memento July 14, 2018 on WebCite ) , nippon.com, May 24, 2017, by Suzuki Hiroshi.
20. ↑ 夜 の 森 公園 . (No longer available online.) Tomioka, archived from the original on September 16, 2016 ; Retrieved August 10, 2016 (Japanese). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
21. ↑ ^{a b} 富 岡 町 の ご 案 内 . Tomioka, accessed August 10, 2016 (Japanese). 
22. ↑ Tomioka - friendship city. (No longer available online.) Auckland Council, April 2010, archived from the original on January 12, 2012 ; Retrieved December 24, 2011 (Japanese).